from the same as ψηλαφάω; a pebble (as worn smooth by handling), i.e. (by implication, of use as a counter or ballot) a verdict (of acquittal) or ticket (of admission); a vote:--stone, voice.
### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **psēphos**, represented by `{{G5586}}`, refers to a **pebble**, but by implication carries the meaning of a verdict, a ticket of admission, or a vote. It is a rare term, appearing only **3 times** across **2 unique verses** in scripture. Its meaning is derived from its use as a counter or ballot in ancient times, signifying either a verdict of acquittal or a vote cast.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In its biblical usage, `{{G5586}}` appears in two starkly contrasting contexts. In Acts, Paul recounts his past persecution of the church, stating that when the saints were **put to death** `{{G337}}`, "I gave my **voice** against them" [[Acts 26:10]]. Here, it signifies a vote of condemnation. In Revelation, it is used to describe a promise to the victorious believer: "To him that overcometh will I give...a white **stone**, and in the **stone** a new name written" [[Revelation 2:17]]. In this context, it functions as a token of acquittal and admission.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the meaning of `{{G5586}}` in its contexts:
* `{{G2702}}` **kataphérō** (give): This word, meaning to cast a vote, is used directly with `{{G5586}}` in Acts. Paul states he "gave" his voice, demonstrating the act of casting a decisive ballot [[Acts 26:10]].
* `{{G3022}}` **leukós** (white): This adjective describes the **stone** given to overcomers in Revelation, signifying purity and victory [[Revelation 2:17]]. The color is thematically linked to righteousness and divine approval in the vision.
* `{{G337}}` **anairéō** (put to death): This term provides the grim context for the vote in Acts. The "voice" cast was a verdict that resulted in the violent death of the saints, highlighting the life-or-death weight of such a vote [[Acts 26:10]].
* `{{G3686}}` **ónoma** (name): The white **stone** in Revelation is significant because it has a new **name** written on it, representing a new identity and character known only to God and the recipient [[Revelation 2:17]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G5586}}` is seen in its dual application of judgment and reward.
* **Human Verdict:** The use in Acts demonstrates a human verdict. Paul, acting with authority from the **chief priests** `{{G749}}`, cast his vote to condemn believers, resulting in them being shut up in **prison** `{{G5438}}` and killed [[Acts 26:10]]. This represents judgment executed by human systems.
* **Divine Acquittal:** The "white **stone**" in Revelation symbolizes a divine verdict of acquittal. It is given to "him that overcometh," signifying a reward for faithfulness and entrance into a new reality with a "new **name**" `{{G3686}}` that is divinely given [[Revelation 2:17]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G5586}}` is a powerful word that encapsulates the concept of a verdict. Though it literally means a pebble, its biblical usage points to significant spiritual realities. It illustrates the profound contrast between a human vote leading to condemnation and death, and a divine token signifying acquittal, a new identity, and eternal reward.
TRV