The Greek word chártēs, represented by G5489, refers to paper. It appears only 1 time in 1 unique verse in the Bible. The word's definition indicates a sheet of writing material, like a "chart" that is intended to be written on.
The single biblical use of G5489 occurs in 2 John 1:12. Here, the author states that although he has many things G4183 to write G1125, he prefers not to use paper G5489 and ink G3188. Instead, he expresses his desire to visit in person and speak G2980 "face to face," so that their joy G5479 may be full. In this context, paper is presented as a medium for communication that is secondary to the value of personal fellowship.
Several related words help clarify the role of chártēs within its only scriptural context:
- G1125 gráphō (to "grave", especially to write): This is the action for which paper is used. The author of 2 John has much to write, but chooses a different method of communication 2 John 1:12. The act of writing is significant elsewhere, often referring to the authority of scripture Luke 24:44.
- G3188 mélan (ink): This is the substance used with paper to create a written message. The pairing of paper and ink in 2 John 1:12 is also referenced in 3 John 1:13. In another place, writing with ink is contrasted with the Spirit writing on the heart 2 Corinthians 3:3.
- G2980 laléō (to talk, i.e. utter words): This word represents the preferred alternative to writing on paper. The author wishes to speak directly to his audience to complete their joy 2 John 1:12, highlighting the importance of the spoken word in building relationships.
The theological significance of G5489 is derived from the contrast it is used to create.
- Primacy of Fellowship: The word's use in 2 John 1:12 emphasizes that personal, face-to-face interaction is a more complete form of fellowship than written correspondence. The ultimate goal mentioned is "full" joy G5479, which is linked to being physically present with one another.
- Physical vs. Spiritual Mediums: As a physical object, paper is part of a tangible communication method. This stands in contrast to spiritual forms of communication, such as when the Spirit writes on "fleshy tables of the heart" instead of with ink G3188 on stone 2 Corinthians 3:3.
- The Written Word: While the immediate context of 2 John 1:12 prioritizes speech, paper is the necessary vehicle for the written word G1125, which carries divine authority throughout the Bible, often introduced with the phrase "It is written" Matthew 4:4.
In summary, G5489 is a simple term for paper whose meaning is defined by its sole appearance in scripture. It is not a major theological term on its own, but its role in 2 John 1:12 powerfully illustrates the biblical value placed on personal presence and fellowship over remote communication. By being set in contrast to speaking face-to-face, chártēs helps underscore the idea that relationships are central to achieving complete spiritual joy G5479.
TRV