### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **chártēs**, represented by `{{G5489}}`, refers to **paper**. It appears only **1 time** in **1 unique verse** in the Bible. The word's definition indicates a sheet of writing material, like a "chart" that is intended to be written on.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The single biblical use of `{{G5489}}` occurs in [[2 John 1:12]]. Here, the author states that although he has **many things** `{{G4183}}` to **write** `{{G1125}}`, he prefers not to use **paper** `{{G5489}}` and **ink** `{{G3188}}`. Instead, he expresses his desire to visit in person and **speak** `{{G2980}}` "face to face," so that their **joy** `{{G5479}}` may be full. In this context, **paper** is presented as a medium for communication that is secondary to the value of personal fellowship.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the role of **chártēs** within its only scriptural context:
* `{{G1125}}` **gráphō** (to "grave", especially to write): This is the action for which **paper** is used. The author of 2 John has much to **write**, but chooses a different method of communication [[2 John 1:12]]. The act of writing is significant elsewhere, often referring to the authority of scripture [[Luke 24:44]].
* `{{G3188}}` **mélan** (ink): This is the substance used with **paper** to create a written message. The pairing of **paper** and **ink** in [[2 John 1:12]] is also referenced in [[3 John 1:13]]. In another place, writing with **ink** is contrasted with the Spirit writing on the heart [[2 Corinthians 3:3]].
* `{{G2980}}` **laléō** (to talk, i.e. utter words): This word represents the preferred alternative to writing on **paper**. The author wishes to **speak** directly to his audience to complete their joy [[2 John 1:12]], highlighting the importance of the spoken word in building relationships.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of `{{G5489}}` is derived from the contrast it is used to create.
* **Primacy of Fellowship:** The word's use in [[2 John 1:12]] emphasizes that personal, face-to-face interaction is a more complete form of fellowship than written correspondence. The ultimate goal mentioned is "full" **joy** `{{G5479}}`, which is linked to being physically present with one another.
* **Physical vs. Spiritual Mediums:** As a physical object, **paper** is part of a tangible communication method. This stands in contrast to spiritual forms of communication, such as when the Spirit writes on "fleshy tables of the heart" instead of with **ink** `{{G3188}}` on stone [[2 Corinthians 3:3]].
* **The Written Word:** While the immediate context of [[2 John 1:12]] prioritizes speech, **paper** is the necessary vehicle for the written word `{{G1125}}`, which carries divine authority throughout the Bible, often introduced with the phrase "It is written" [[Matthew 4:4]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G5489}}` is a simple term for **paper** whose meaning is defined by its sole appearance in scripture. It is not a major theological term on its own, but its role in [[2 John 1:12]] powerfully illustrates the biblical value placed on personal presence and fellowship over remote communication. By being set in contrast to speaking face-to-face, **chártēs** helps underscore the idea that relationships are central to achieving complete spiritual **joy** `{{G5479}}`.
TRV