perhaps from χαλάω through the idea of hollowing out as a vessel (this metal being chiefly used for that purpose); copper (the substance, or some implement or coin made of it):--brass, money.
### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **chalkós**, represented by `{{G5475}}`, refers to **copper** or **brass**. Its base definition suggests it is derived from the idea of hollowing out a vessel, as this metal was often used for such purposes. Appearing 5 times in 5 unique verses, the term is used to denote both the physical metal and, by extension, an implement or coin made from it, often translated simply as **money**.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In scripture, `{{G5475}}` is used in two primary contexts. It signifies monetary value, particularly low-denomination coins. When Jesus instructs his disciples, he tells them to provide neither gold, silver, nor **brass** in their purses [[Matthew 10:9]], and elsewhere commands them to take no **money** for their journey [[Mark 6:8]]. This is also seen when Jesus observes people casting **money** into the treasury [[Mark 12:41]]. The word is also used to describe the metal itself, as in the list of Babylon's merchandise, which includes vessels of **brass** and iron [[Revelation 18:12]]. Figuratively, it describes something loud but empty, as when Paul speaks of becoming "sounding **brass**" without charity [[1 Corinthians 13:1]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words clarify the context of `{{G5475}}`, particularly regarding materials and wealth:
* `{{G5557}}` **chrysós** (gold): Defined as **gold; by extension, a golden article, as an ornament or coin**. It is often listed first among metals of value when `{{G5475}}` is mentioned, establishing a hierarchy of wealth [[Matthew 10:9]].
* `{{G696}}` **árgyros** (silver): Meaning **silver (the metal, in the articles or coin)**. It is frequently listed between gold and brass, reinforcing its use in a context of currency and material value [[Revelation 18:12]].
* `{{G4604}}` **sídēros** (iron): Defined simply as **iron**. It appears alongside `{{G5475}}` in the list of merchandise, categorizing it as a valuable, tradable material [[Revelation 18:12]].
* `{{G2223}}` **zṓnē** (purse): Defined as **a belt; by implication, a pocket:--girdle, purse**. This word is directly linked to `{{G5475}}` in the instructions to the disciples, specifying the place where **money** would be carried [[Mark 6:8]].
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of `{{G5475}}` is primarily seen through its use in contrasts.
* **Worldly vs. Divine Provision:** In the Gospels, the prohibition against carrying **brass** (money) for a mission underscores a core principle of discipleship: total reliance on God's provision rather than on material wealth and security ([[Matthew 10:9]], [[Mark 6:8]]).
* **Hollow Religiosity:** Paul's metaphor of "sounding **brass**" in [[1 Corinthians 13:1]] provides a powerful image for spiritual action devoid of love. It suggests that even the most impressive gifts are empty and meaningless noise without the substance of charity.
* **Materialism and Judgment:** In Revelation, **brass** is listed among the luxurious merchandise of the worldly system of Babylon. Its presence in this list marks it as a symbol of the earthly wealth and commerce that will be judged and brought to nothing [[Revelation 18:12]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G5475}}` is more than just a name for a metal. It functions dually as a term for a common copper or brass coin and as a material for vessels. Scripturally, it is consistently used to represent the lower end of the spectrum of material wealth, often contrasted with gold and silver. Through its use in biblical instruction and prophecy, **chalkós** becomes a symbol for the worldly possessions that must not be trusted and the spiritual emptiness that results from actions performed without genuine love.
TRV