The Greek word chalkós, represented by G5475, refers to copper or brass. Its base definition suggests it is derived from the idea of hollowing out a vessel, as this metal was often used for such purposes. Appearing 5 times in 5 unique verses, the term is used to denote both the physical metal and, by extension, an implement or coin made from it, often translated simply as money.
In scripture, G5475 is used in two primary contexts. It signifies monetary value, particularly low-denomination coins. When Jesus instructs his disciples, he tells them to provide neither gold, silver, nor brass in their purses Matthew 10:9, and elsewhere commands them to take no money for their journey Mark 6:8. This is also seen when Jesus observes people casting money into the treasury Mark 12:41. The word is also used to describe the metal itself, as in the list of Babylon's merchandise, which includes vessels of brass and iron Revelation 18:12. Figuratively, it describes something loud but empty, as when Paul speaks of becoming "sounding brass" without charity 1 Corinthians 13:1.
Several related words clarify the context of G5475, particularly regarding materials and wealth:
- G5557 chrysós (gold): Defined as gold; by extension, a golden article, as an ornament or coin. It is often listed first among metals of value when G5475 is mentioned, establishing a hierarchy of wealth Matthew 10:9.
- G696 árgyros (silver): Meaning silver (the metal, in the articles or coin). It is frequently listed between gold and brass, reinforcing its use in a context of currency and material value Revelation 18:12.
- G4604 sídēros (iron): Defined simply as iron. It appears alongside G5475 in the list of merchandise, categorizing it as a valuable, tradable material Revelation 18:12.
- G2223 zṓnē (purse): Defined as a belt; by implication, a pocket:--girdle, purse. This word is directly linked to G5475 in the instructions to the disciples, specifying the place where money would be carried Mark 6:8.
The theological significance of G5475 is primarily seen through its use in contrasts.
- Worldly vs. Divine Provision: In the Gospels, the prohibition against carrying brass (money) for a mission underscores a core principle of discipleship: total reliance on God's provision rather than on material wealth and security (Matthew 10:9, Mark 6:8).
- Hollow Religiosity: Paul's metaphor of "sounding brass" in 1 Corinthians 13:1 provides a powerful image for spiritual action devoid of love. It suggests that even the most impressive gifts are empty and meaningless noise without the substance of charity.
- Materialism and Judgment: In Revelation, brass is listed among the luxurious merchandise of the worldly system of Babylon. Its presence in this list marks it as a symbol of the earthly wealth and commerce that will be judged and brought to nothing Revelation 18:12.
In summary, G5475 is more than just a name for a metal. It functions dually as a term for a common copper or brass coin and as a material for vessels. Scripturally, it is consistently used to represent the lower end of the spectrum of material wealth, often contrasted with gold and silver. Through its use in biblical instruction and prophecy, chalkós becomes a symbol for the worldly possessions that must not be trusted and the spiritual emptiness that results from actions performed without genuine love.
TRV