### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **phónos**, represented by `{{G5408}}`, denotes **murder** or **slaughter**. It appears **10 times** across **10 unique verses** in the Bible. Derived from an obsolete primary word meaning "to slay," it directly refers to the act of taking a human life.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In scripture, `{{G5408}}` is frequently used to identify a sin that originates from within. Both Matthew and Mark state that **murders** proceed "out of the heart" ([[Matthew 15:19]], [[Mark 7:21]]). Paul includes **murders** in his list of behaviors that prevent one from inheriting the kingdom of God [[Galatians 5:21]]. The term also describes specific criminal acts, such as the **murder** committed by Barabbas during an insurrection ([[Mark 15:7]], [[Luke 23:25]]). It is used to describe intense persecution, as when Saul was "breathing out threatenings and **slaughter**" against disciples [[Acts 9:1]], and when the faithful "were slain with the sword" [[Hebrews 11:37]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words provide a broader context for the sin of murder:
* `{{G1261}}` **dialogismós** (discussion, i.e. (internal) consideration... reasoning, thought.): This word is listed as "evil **thoughts**" that precede **murders**, showing that the act begins with internal reasoning ([[Matthew 15:19]], [[Mark 7:21]]).
* `{{G4714}}` **stásis** (a popular uprising; figuratively, controversy:--dissension, insurrection...): This term is directly linked with the **murder** committed by Barabbas, situating the act within the context of social and political rebellion ([[Mark 15:7]], [[Luke 23:25]]).
* `{{G5355}}` **phthónos** (ill-will (as detraction), i.e. jealousy (spite):--envy.): Listed alongside **murders** in lists of sins, **envy** is presented as a corrupting motive that can lead to such violent acts ([[Romans 1:29]], [[Galatians 5:21]]).
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of `{{G5408}}` is profound, highlighting the depth of human sinfulness.
* **Symptom of a Corrupt Heart:** Scripture consistently portrays **murder** not as an isolated act, but as an outward expression of an evil inner state. It is among the defiling things that "proceed out of the heart" ([[Matthew 15:19]], [[Mark 7:21]]).
* **A Work of the Flesh:** **Phónos** is classified as a work of the flesh, a sign of a life lived in opposition to the Spirit of God. Those who practice such things are warned they "shall not inherit the kingdom of God" [[Galatians 5:21]].
* **An Act of Rebellion:** The association of **murder** with insurrection, as in the case of Barabbas, demonstrates how this sin can manifest as both personal violence and broader social chaos ([[Mark 15:7]], [[Luke 23:19]]).
* **A Call to Repentance:** The failure to repent of **murders** is specifically condemned, emphasizing its gravity in the eyes of God [[Revelation 9:21]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G5408}}` is more than a legal term for killing. It is a fundamental biblical concept representing a grievous sin that stems from internal corruption. Whether describing the actions of a rebellious individual like Barabbas [[Luke 23:25]], the persecuting zeal of Saul [[Acts 9:1]], or the unrepentant state of humanity [[Revelation 9:21]], **phónos** illustrates a core aspect of a fallen world that stands in stark contrast to the will of God.
TRV