φάγος

Core Meaning & Semantic Range

The Greek word phágos, represented by G5314, is defined as a glutton. Derived from the word for "to eat," it is a rare term in scripture, appearing only 2 times in 2 unique verses. It is used specifically as a term of accusation.

Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis

In both of its biblical appearances, G5314 is used by critics to describe Jesus, the Son of man. They accuse him, saying, "Behold a man gluttonous, and a winebibber, a friend of publicans and sinners" Matthew 11:19. This charge is a direct response to Jesus's behavior of "eating and drinking," which stood in contrast to the expectations of his accusers. The same account and accusation are recorded in Luke 7:34.

Related Words & Concepts

Several related words provide context for the accusation of being gluttonous:

• G2068 esthíō: This is a primary verb meaning to eat. Jesus's action of eating (Matthew 11:19, Luke 7:34) is what prompted the specific charge of being a glutton.
• G3630 oinopótēs: Meaning a tippler or "winebibber," this word is used in direct parallel with G5314 in both Matthew 11:19 and Luke 7:34 to form a compound insult against Jesus.
• G4095 pínō: This verb, meaning to drink, describes the other action that led to the accusations. Jesus came "eating and drinking" Matthew 11:19.

Theological Significance

The theological weight of G5314 comes entirely from its use as a pejorative label against Jesus.

• A Term of Reproach: The word is not used to define a general sin but is weaponized as an insult to discredit Jesus and his ministry in the eyes of the public.
• Association with Sinners: The accusation of being gluttonous is immediately followed by the charge that Jesus is a "friend of publicans and sinners" (Matthew 11:19, Luke 7:34), linking his social habits to perceived moral failings.
• Ministry Misunderstood: The use of this label demonstrates how Jesus's outreach and willingness to engage with all levels of society was willfully misinterpreted by his opponents as a sign of indulgence and unholiness.

Summary

In summary, G5314 is a term used exclusively as an accusation against Jesus Christ. Its significance lies not in a detailed theological breakdown of gluttony, but in what the accusation reveals about the nature of Jesus's ministry. The charge of being gluttonous was an attempt to condemn his radical act of fellowship with those considered outcasts, highlighting the deep opposition he faced for breaking religious and social norms.