### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek adjective τυφωνικός (typhōnikós, `{{G5189}}`) is derived from a root related to τύφω (typhō), which signifies "to smoke" or "to smolder." This etymological connection lends a unique nuance to its primary meaning of "stormy" or "tempestuous," suggesting a storm that is not only violent but also characterized by an obscuring, perhaps even suffocating, atmosphere, much like smoke or heavy spray. The base definition "stormy (as if smoky)" captures this dual aspect of ferocity and diminished visibility. Semantically, it describes severe weather conditions marked by extreme winds and turbulent conditions, conveying a sense of overwhelming power and danger.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term τυφωνικός (typhōnikós) appears only once in the New Testament, specifically in the book of Acts.
It is found in [[Acts 27:14]]: "But not long after there arose against it a tempestuous wind, called Euroclydon."
In this singular occurrence, τυφωνικός modifies the Greek word for "wind" (ἄνεμος, anemos), describing the nature of the formidable storm that struck the ship carrying the Apostle Paul and his companions to Rome. The adjective emphasizes the extreme severity and destructive power of this particular wind, which was later identified as "Euroclydon" (or Euraquilo in some manuscripts). The narrative in Acts 27 vividly details the immediate and prolonged peril inflicted by this τυφωνικός wind, highlighting the life-threatening conditions faced by those aboard the vessel. The use of this specific term underscores that it was not merely a strong wind, but a hurricane-force tempest, capable of utterly overwhelming the ship and its crew.
### Related Words & Concepts
The root τύφω (typhō) connects τυφωνικός to concepts of smoke, mist, or even a state of being overwhelmed or confused, which aligns with the disorienting nature of a severe storm. While not directly derived from this specific word, the English term "typhoon" shares a common linguistic ancestry, pointing to the ancient understanding of such powerful weather phenomena.
Other Greek words used to describe storms or strong winds in the New Testament include:
* θύελλα (thyella, `{{G2366}}`): A tempest or hurricane, as seen in [[Hebrews 12:18]] describing the storm at Sinai.
* λαῖλαψ (lailaps, `{{G2978}}`): A whirlwind, squall, or storm, notably used in [[Mark 4:37]] and [[Luke 8:23]] for the storm on the Sea of Galilee.
* χειμών (cheimōn, `{{G5494}}`): Primarily meaning "winter," but also referring to a storm or stormy weather, as in [[Matthew 16:3]].
* ἄνεμος (anemos, `{{G417}}`): The general term for "wind," which is specifically qualified as τυφωνικός in [[Acts 27:14]].
The distinctiveness of τυφωνικός lies in its evocative suggestion of a storm that not only rages with immense power but also creates an environment of obscurity and overwhelming force, akin to a blinding, smoky haze.
### Theological Significance
Though τυφωνικός (typhōnikós) is a descriptive adjective for a natural phenomenon, its singular appearance in the biblical narrative holds profound theological significance. The "tempestuous wind" in Acts 27 functions as a powerful demonstration of humanity's vulnerability before the formidable forces of nature, which are ultimately under divine sovereignty. In the broader context of Paul's journey to Rome, this τυφωνικός storm serves as a dramatic crucible for Paul's faith, leadership, and prophetic ministry. It provides a unique stage for God's providential care to be displayed, as an angel appears to Paul to assure him of the safety of all on board and the certainty of his arrival in Rome ([[Acts 27:23-24]]). The storm, despite its terrifying τυφωνικός nature, ultimately becomes an instrument through which God's power is magnified, His promises are confirmed, and Paul's apostolic authority is affirmed among the diverse group of sailors and soldiers. It stands as a compelling testament to divine control even amidst chaos, underscoring that God's purposes will prevail regardless of external perils.
### Summary
The Greek adjective τυφωνικός (typhōnikós, `{{G5189}}`) denotes a "tempestuous" or "stormy" condition, infused with the nuance of an obscuring, smoky quality alongside its violent force. Its sole New Testament occurrence in [[Acts 27:14]] precisely describes the perilous, hurricane-force wind that imperiled Paul's ship, emphasizing the extreme and overwhelming nature of the storm. Theologically, this τυφωνικός event in Acts serves as a powerful backdrop against which the sovereignty of God, His meticulous providential care, and the steadfast faith of His servant Paul are vividly demonstrated. What appears as a moment of extreme natural peril is transformed into a profound witness to God's unwavering purpose and protection.
TRV