comparative of a derivative of the primary (to cut; more comprehensive or decisive than κόπτω, as if by a single stroke; whereas that implies repeated blows, like hacking); more keen:--sharper.
### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word G5114 (τομώτερος, transliterated as *tomṓteros*) is a comparative adjective, meaning "sharper" or "more keen." It is derived from a root (related to τέμνω, to cut) that implies a decisive, single stroke, rather than repeated blows or hacking (as might be suggested by κόπτω). This fundamental distinction is crucial: G5114 conveys a sense of precision, penetration, and immediate efficacy. It describes something that is exceedingly effective in its ability to divide, separate, or discern, cutting through with ultimate incisiveness. The comparative form emphasizes that it is *more* sharp or keen than anything else.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The word G5114 (τομώτερος) appears only once in the New Testament, in a passage of profound theological weight: [[Hebrews 4:12]].
In this verse, the author of Hebrews declares: "For the word of God is living and active and sharper than any two-edged sword, and piercing as far as the division of soul and spirit, of both joints and marrow, and able to judge the thoughts and intentions of the heart."
The application of τομώτερος to the "word of God" (ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ) is highly significant. It paints a vivid picture of the Word's inherent power and nature. It is not merely a static text but a dynamic, living entity that possesses an unparalleled ability to penetrate the deepest recesses of human existence. The image of a "two-edged sword" (μάχαιρα δίστομος) is already powerful, but τομώτερος elevates this imagery, asserting that God's Word surpasses even the most formidable physical weapon in its cutting ability.
The subsequent clauses in [[Hebrews 4:12]] elaborate on this "sharpness":
* **"piercing as far as the division of soul and spirit"**: This indicates the Word's capacity to discern the spiritual from the merely psychological, distinguishing between what is truly of God and what originates from human nature.
* **"of both joints and marrow"**: This metaphor extends the penetration to the physical and deepest parts of the being, signifying a comprehensive and inescapable examination.
* **"and able to judge the thoughts and intentions of the heart"**: This final phrase reveals the ultimate purpose of the Word's sharpness – to expose and evaluate the innermost motivations and dispositions of an individual. The Word of God functions as a divine arbiter, revealing truth and exposing falsehood at the most fundamental level.
### Related Words & Concepts
* **τέμνω (to cut)**: While not directly a Strong's number for G5114, this verb is the implied root from which τομώτερος derives its core meaning of "cutting" with precision and decisiveness.
* **κόπτω (to cut by repeated blows, hack)**: The definition of G5114 explicitly contrasts its meaning with κόπτω, highlighting the single, decisive stroke implied by τομώτερος versus the repeated, less precise action of κόπτω. This contrast underscores the unique effectiveness of God's Word.
* **μάχαιρα `{{G3162}}` (sword)**: This noun is directly used in [[Hebrews 4:12]] as the object against which the Word's sharpness is compared. The Word is "sharper than any two-edged sword," emphasizing its superior penetrating power.
* **διϊκνέομαι (to pierce, penetrate)**: This verb is also found in [[Hebrews 4:12]] ("piercing as far as the division..."), describing the action that results from the Word's τομώτερος quality.
* **κριτικός `{{G2924}}` (discerning, able to judge)**: This adjective, also present in [[Hebrews 4:12]], describes the Word's capacity to evaluate and judge the thoughts and intentions. The "sharpness" of the Word enables this discerning function.
* **Theological Concepts**: The concept of τομώτερος is intimately linked with divine revelation, discernment, judgment, and the transformative power of God's active presence in the lives of believers.
### Theological Significance
The singular use of G5114 in [[Hebrews 4:12]] imbues it with profound theological significance. It articulates a fundamental truth about the nature of God's Word:
1. **Living and Active Power**: The Word is not inert or passive but a dynamic, living force. Its "sharpness" is a manifestation of this vitality, enabling it to accomplish its divine purposes.
2. **Penetrating Discernment**: The Word's τομώτερος quality signifies its unparalleled ability to penetrate beyond superficial appearances to the deepest realities of human existence. It can distinguish between soul and spirit, exposing hidden motives and intentions. This speaks to God's omniscience and His ability to see and judge the heart.
3. **Spiritual Surgery**: The imagery of cutting and piercing suggests a form of spiritual surgery. The Word, like a precise scalpel, can cut away what is diseased, expose what is hidden, and separate what is impure, leading to healing and spiritual health. It is an instrument of conviction, exposing sin and spiritual compromise.
4. **Divine Authority and Judgment**: The Word's sharpness is directly tied to its role as an agent of divine judgment. It is the standard by which all human thoughts, intentions, and actions are measured and revealed. Before God, "all things are open and laid bare to the eyes of Him with whom we have to do" ([[Hebrews 4:13]]), and it is the Word that performs this unveiling.
5. **Transformative Potential**: Because the Word penetrates and exposes, it also has the power to transform. By revealing truth and error, it calls for repentance, leads to spiritual growth, and shapes individuals according to God's will.
### Summary
G5114 (τομώτερος) is a unique and powerful Greek adjective meaning "sharper" or "more keen," emphasizing a decisive, single, and precise cut. Its sole biblical occurrence in [[Hebrews 4:12]] profoundly describes the nature of the "word of God." Here, its "sharpness" signifies the Word's unparalleled ability to penetrate, discern, and judge the deepest aspects of human existence—distinguishing between soul and spirit, reaching even joints and marrow, and exposing the thoughts and intentions of the heart. This term underscores the Word's living, active, and authoritative nature as a divine instrument of revelation, conviction, and spiritual transformation, far surpassing any earthly tool in its incisiveness and efficacy.
TRV