The Greek word tephróō, represented by G5077, means to incinerate or consume, literally to turn to ashes. Its definition is derived from a base word for "ashes." This specific and potent term appears 2 times within a single verse of scripture, highlighting a singular act of divine judgment.
The sole use of G5077 is found in the description of the fate of Sodom and Gomorrah. The scripture states that God, by turning the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah into ashes, condemned them. This act of incineration is presented as a definitive judgment and a catastrophic overthrow of these cities, intended to serve as a powerful warning for the future 2 Peter 2:6.
Several related words in the surrounding text clarify the meaning and purpose of this event:
- G2632 katakrínō (to judge against, i.e. sentence): This word shows that the act of turning the cities to ashes was a judicial sentence. The incineration was the execution of a divine verdict of condemnation 2 Peter 2:6.
- G2692 katastrophḗ (an overturn, "catastrophe"): This term describes the physical result of the judgment as a complete demolition or "overthrow," emphasizing the totality of the destruction 2 Peter 2:6.
- G5262 hypódeigma (an exhibit for imitation or warning): This reveals the purpose behind the destruction. The cities' fate was made into a pattern or "ensample" to serve as a perpetual warning to those who would live ungodly lives 2 Peter 2:6.
The theological significance of G5077 is concentrated in its single, dramatic application.
- Divine Judgment: The word is exclusively used to describe a direct and final act of God's judgment. The incineration of Sodom and Gomorrah is presented as the consequence of their ungodliness, where they were condemned G2632 for their actions.
- A Permanent Warning: The primary theological purpose of this event is to serve as a lasting "ensample" G5262. The destruction was not merely punitive but also instructional, providing a clear pattern or warning for those who would "live ungodly" G764 in the future 2 Peter 2:6.
- Complete Destruction: The use of a word meaning to turn to ashes signifies an irreversible and total destruction. This concept is reinforced by the accompanying term for "overthrow" G2692, indicating a complete demolition from which there is no recovery.
In summary, G5077 is a stark and specific term used to illustrate divine judgment in its most final form. Though used only once, its context in turning Sodom and Gomorrah into ashes creates an unforgettable biblical image. It powerfully connects the concept of incineration with a divine sentence, a catastrophic overthrow, and a timeless warning against ungodliness.
TRV