στυγνάζω

Core Meaning & Semantic Range

The Greek word stygnázō, represented by G4768, describes a state of being gloomy or sad. It appears 2 times across 2 unique verses in the Bible. Its meaning encompasses both an emotional somberness in response to words and the physical appearance of an overcast, glower-like sky.

Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis

The two uses of G4768 illustrate its dual meaning. In Mark, it describes the internal, emotional state of the man with great possessions who, upon hearing a difficult saying from Jesus, "was sad" and went away grieved Mark 10:22. Conversely, in Matthew, the word is used to describe an external, physical condition. Jesus rebukes the hypocrites for being able to interpret the "red and lowring" sky as a sign of foul weather while failing to discern more important signs Matthew 16:3.

Related Words & Concepts

Several related words help clarify the contexts in which G4768 is found:

• G3076 lypéō (to be sad): Used alongside stygnázō, this word emphasizes the internal distress and sorrow experienced by the man who was told to give up his possessions Mark 10:22.
• G5494 cheimṓn (foul weather): This word describes the outcome predicted by the "lowring" sky, linking the gloomy appearance of the heavens with a coming storm or tempest Matthew 16:3.
• G4592 sēmeîon (sign): This term is used to contrast the ability to interpret a natural indication, like a gloomy sky, with the inability to discern the supernatural signs of the times Matthew 16:3.

Theological Significance

The theological weight of G4768 is revealed in its two distinct applications.

• Sorrow from Worldly Attachment: The sadness of the man with great possessions is not a godly sorrow, but a gloominess born from his unwillingness to part with his wealth for the sake of the kingdom. His sad countenance reflects a heart grieved by the demands of truth Mark 10:22.
• A Sign of Spiritual Blindness: Jesus uses the "lowring" sky as an analogy for spiritual discernment. He chastises the hypocrites for being adept at reading natural signs while remaining completely unable to interpret the "signs of the times" concerning his ministry Matthew 16:3.

Summary

In summary, while rare, G4768 provides a powerful illustration of gloominess. It bridges the gap between an internal emotional state and an external physical appearance. Whether describing a face made sad by a challenging truth or a sky made lowring by an approaching storm, stygnázō points to a somberness that serves as an important sign.