### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **stēthos**, represented by `{{G4738}}`, refers to the **breast** or chest. Its base definition describes the entire external bosom. It appears **5 times** across **5 unique verses** in scripture, where it signifies not only a part of the body but also the seat of deep emotion and a position of intimacy.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the biblical narrative, `{{G4738}}` is used in distinct contexts to convey powerful, non-verbal actions. It is depicted as the object of striking in moments of profound repentance and grief, as when the publican "smote upon his **breast**" seeking mercy [[Luke 18:13]], and when the crowds witnessing the crucifixion did the same [[Luke 23:48]]. Conversely, it signifies a place of intimate fellowship, as the beloved disciple "leaned on his **breast** at supper" [[John 21:20]] and was "lying on Jesus' **breast**" [[John 13:25]]. It is also used to describe the appearance of angels, whose **breasts** were girded with golden girdles, indicating their divine and holy nature [[Revelation 15:6]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related Greek words help to illustrate the actions associated with the breast:
* `{{G5180}}` **týptō** (to smite, strike): This verb is used to describe the physical act of striking the breast as an outward sign of inner turmoil, seen in both the repentant publican [[Luke 18:13]] and the grieving crowd [[Luke 23:48]].
* `{{G377}}` **anapíptō** (to fall back, i.e. lie down, lean back): This word describes the posture of the disciple who "leaned on his **breast**" [[John 21:20]], indicating a position of rest and familiarity.
* `{{G1968}}` **epipíptō** (to fall upon, lie on): This term is used to describe the disciple "lying on Jesus' **breast**" [[John 13:25]], emphasizing an act of affectionate closeness.
* `{{G1909}}` **epí** (upon, on): This preposition is key in linking the actions of leaning or lying directly to the breast, as in the disciple being "on Jesus' **breast**" [[John 13:25]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G4738}}` is demonstrated through its symbolic usage.
* **Outward Repentance:** The act of striking the breast is a physical expression of a heart in anguish and repentance. It is a gesture of humility and acknowledgment of sin before God, as performed by the publican [[Luke 18:13]].
* **Intimate Fellowship:** To recline on someone's breast was a position of honor and profound intimacy in that culture. The beloved disciple's position at the Last Supper signifies his uniquely close relationship with Jesus [[John 13:25]].
* **Divine Authority and Purity:** For the angels in Revelation, having golden girdles on their breasts signifies their role as agents of divine judgment, clothed in purity and righteousness [[Revelation 15:6]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G4738}}` is a word that moves beyond simple anatomy to represent the heart's deepest expressions. It serves as a focal point for gestures of repentance, a symbol of the closest possible human fellowship with Christ, and a marker of the holy authority of angelic beings. Through these varied contexts, **stēthos** illustrates how a physical location can convey powerful spiritual and emotional truths.
TRV