from πρός and a probable derivative of κύων (meaning to kiss, like a dog licking his master's hand); to fawn or crouch to, i.e. (literally or figuratively) prostrate oneself in homage (do reverence to, adore):--worship.
### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **proskynéō**, represented by `{{G4352}}`, means to prostrate oneself in homage or adore. Its definition suggests the image of a dog licking its master's hand, conveying an act of fawning or crouching reverence. It appears **65 times** across **54 unique verses** in the Bible, establishing it as a key term for **worship**.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In scripture, `{{G4352}}` is used to define the object, manner, and act of **worship**. It establishes that God alone is the proper recipient of worship, as Jesus commanded Satan, "Thou shalt **worship** the Lord thy God, and him only shalt thou serve" [[Matthew 4:10]]. The nature of this devotion is not tied to a location but to sincerity, for "they that **worship** him must **worship** him in spirit and in truth" [[John 4:24]]. The term is frequently accompanied by a physical posture of reverence, as when the wise men "fell down, and **worshipped** him" [[Matthew 2:11]]. Conversely, the book of Revelation contrasts this with false worship directed at the beast and his image [[Revelation 13:15]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words expand on the concept of worship and reverence:
* `{{G4098}}` **píptō** (to fall down): This word often describes the physical act preceding or accompanying worship, signifying submission and homage. It is used when the elders **fall down** before the throne in Revelation [[Revelation 4:10]] and when the wise men come to see Jesus [[Matthew 2:11]].
* `{{G3000}}` **latreúō** (serve, do the service): This term emphasizes religious homage through service and is used alongside `{{G4352}}` in the command to **worship** the Lord and **serve** Him only [[Luke 4:8]].
* `{{G5399}}` **phobéō** (to fear, revere): This highlights the element of awe and reverence due to God. In Revelation, an angel commands all to **fear** God, give him glory, and **worship** him as the creator [[Revelation 14:7]].
* `{{G1392}}` **doxázō** (to glorify, honour): This action is presented as a component of worship. The nations are prophesied to **glorify** God's name and **worship** before Him because He is holy [[Revelation 15:4]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G4352}}` is significant, defining the core of a believer's relationship with the divine.
* **Exclusive Devotion:** Scripture consistently reserves the act of **worship** for God alone. When John falls to **worship** an angel, he is twice rebuked and told, "**worship** God" ([[Revelation 19:10]], [[Revelation 22:9]]).
* **The Object of True Worship:** Jesus Christ is presented as the rightful recipient of **worship**, receiving it from a leper [[Matthew 8:2]], his disciples [[Matthew 14:33]], and the wise men [[Matthew 2:2]]. Furthermore, God the Father commands all the angels to **worship** the Son [[Hebrews 1:6]].
* **The Heart of False Worship:** A central conflict in scripture is the misdirection of worship. This includes worshipping idols [[Acts 7:43]], the beast and his image [[Revelation 14:9]], or devils [[Revelation 9:20]].
* **Worship in Spirit and Truth:** Jesus redefines worship as an internal reality rather than an external location. The Father actively **seeketh** those who will **worship** Him in this manner [[John 4:23]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G4352}}` is not merely a term for adoration but describes a profound act of submission, reverence, and homage. It conveys a complete prostration of oneself before a higher power. Its usage throughout the Bible clarifies that this ultimate reverence belongs exclusively to God the Father and Jesus Christ, and it stands as the central point of distinction between those who follow God and those who are deceived by false objects of worship.
TRV