### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek noun πλέγμα (plégma), Strong's `{{G4117}}`, derives from the verb πλέκω (plekō), meaning "to intertwine," "to braid," or "to weave." Consequently, πλέγμα fundamentally refers to something that has been plaited, woven, or braided. In its New Testament usage, its semantic range is quite narrow and specific, exclusively denoting "braided hair" or "plaited hair." This implies an arrangement of hair that is not merely natural or simple, but rather intentionally styled and often elaborate, suggesting a form of adornment or ornamentation. The term highlights the intricate process of intertwining strands of hair to create a specific, often decorative, coiffure.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term πλέγμα (plégma) appears in the New Testament only once in its singular form, specifically in 1 Peter 3:3. The context is an instruction to Christian women regarding their outward appearance and inner character:
"Do not let your adornment be merely outward—arranging the hair (πλέγμα), wearing gold, or putting on fine apparel—rather let it be the hidden person of the heart, with the incorruptible beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is very precious in the sight of God." [[1 Peter 3:3-4]]
In this passage, πλέγμα is listed alongside "wearing gold" and "fine apparel" as examples of "outward adornment" (κόσμος, `{{G2889}}`). The apostle Peter is not issuing an absolute prohibition against braiding hair or wearing modest jewelry. Rather, the emphasis is on the *priority* and *nature* of true beauty. The passage contrasts superficial, worldly displays with the "hidden person of the heart" and the "incorruptible beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit." The concern is that excessive or ostentatious outward adornment, including elaborate hairstyles, could distract from or even contradict the internal transformation and spiritual priorities of a believer. It speaks to the potential for vanity, social competition, or a misplaced focus on external appearance over internal godliness.
### Related Words & Concepts
The primary related word is the verb from which πλέγμα is derived, πλέκω (`{{G4120}}`), meaning "to plait," "to weave," or "to braid." This root reinforces the idea of an intentional, intertwined arrangement.
Conceptually, πλέγμα is closely associated with:
* **Adornment (κόσμος, `{{G2889}}`):** The very word used in 1 Peter 3:3 to describe outward display.
* **Gold (χρυσίον, `{{G5557}}`):** Another form of outward adornment mentioned alongside braided hair.
* **Apparel (ἱματισμός, `{{G2440}}`):** Fine clothing, completing the triad of external displays.
* **Modesty (αἰδώς, `{{G127}}`):** The virtue often contrasted with excessive adornment, as seen in 1 Timothy 2:9, which uses the plural form πλέγμασιν for "braided hair" in a similar context. This parallel passage further solidifies the meaning and intent behind the admonition.
* **Inner vs. Outer Beauty:** The fundamental theological concept underpinning the discussion of πλέγμα is the contrast between superficial external appearance and profound internal character.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of πλέγμα lies not in the object itself (braided hair) but in what it represents within the broader biblical teaching on Christian conduct and identity.
1. **Priority of the Inner Person:** The instruction to shun excessive πλέγμα (and other outward adornments) underscores the New Testament emphasis on the "hidden person of the heart." True beauty, from a divine perspective, emanates from a transformed spirit, characterized by virtues such as gentleness, quietness, and godliness. This inner beauty is "incorruptible," contrasting sharply with the fleeting nature of outward adornment.
2. **Counter-Cultural Witness:** In the Greco-Roman world, elaborate hairstyles, gold jewelry, and costly clothing were significant markers of social status, wealth, and worldly fashion. The apostolic injunction to avoid such displays was a call for Christian women (and by extension, all believers) to live distinctively, reflecting Kingdom values rather than conforming to worldly standards of beauty and status. It was a visible expression of their allegiance to Christ.
3. **Humility and Stewardship:** The admonition implicitly encourages humility and a wise stewardship of resources. Time, effort, and wealth spent on excessive outward adornment could be better directed towards spiritual growth, acts of service, and cultivating a godly character.
4. **True Value in God's Sight:** The passage concludes by stating that a "gentle and quiet spirit... is very precious in the sight of God." This affirms that God values character over outward display, and true worth is determined by divine estimation, not human perception or worldly standards.
### Summary
πλέγμα (`{{G4117}}`) refers to braided or plaited hair, appearing uniquely in 1 Peter 3:3. In this singular New Testament occurrence, it serves as an example of "outward adornment" that is contrasted with the "hidden person of the heart" and the "incorruptible beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit." The word's significance is not in a condemnation of braiding hair per se, but in its representation of excessive, worldly, or vain external display. Theologically, πλέγμα highlights the biblical emphasis on prioritizing inner spiritual beauty, humility, and a distinct Christian witness over superficial appearances, underscoring that true value and adornment are found in a heart transformed by God, which is "very precious in the sight of God."
TRV