from παράσημος; a father-land, i.e. native town; (figuratively) heavenly home:--(own) country.
Transliteration:patrís
Pronunciation:pat-rece'
Detailed Word Study
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek noun πατρίς (G3968), transliterated as *patrís*, fundamentally denotes one's "father-land" or "native town." Its root is closely tied to πατήρ (G3962), meaning "father," thereby emphasizing a place of ancestral origin, heritage, and deep personal connection. In its most literal sense, it refers to the specific geographical locality where one was born and raised, or the broader national territory of one's forebears. However, the semantic range of πατρίς extends significantly beyond the purely geographical. As indicated in its base definition, it can be used figuratively to refer to a "heavenly home." This spiritualized meaning elevates the concept from an earthly origin to an ultimate, divine destination, signifying a profound theological shift from a physical birthplace to an eternal, spiritual homeland.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The occurrences of πατρίς in the New Testament fall into two distinct categories, each revealing crucial contextual nuances:
1. **Earthly Hometown (Gospels):** In the Synoptic Gospels and John, πατρίς consistently refers to Jesus's earthly hometown, Nazareth.
* In [[Matthew 13:54]] and [[Mark 6:1]], Jesus returns to "his own country" (Nazareth), where he teaches in the synagogue.
* Immediately following, [[Matthew 13:57]], [[Mark 6:4]], and [[Luke 4:24]] record the proverbial saying, "A prophet is not without honor except in his own country and in his own house." This highlights the rejection Jesus faced from those who knew him best, underscoring the tragic irony of the Messiah being unwelcome in his own place of origin.
* [[John 4:44]] reiterates this theme, stating, "For Jesus himself testified that a prophet has no honor in his own country," providing a theological justification for Jesus's departure from Judea to Galilee. In these contexts, πατρίς serves to emphasize the earthly limitations and human resistance to divine revelation, even among one's own kin.
2. **Heavenly Homeland (Hebrews):** The most profound theological usage of πατρίς occurs in [[Hebrews 11:14]]. Here, in the context of the "faith hall of fame," the patriarchs (Abraham, Isaac, Jacob) are described as those who "say such things make it clear that they are looking for a country of their own." This "country" (πατρίς) is explicitly contrasted with the earthly lands they sojourned in, and the preceding verse [[Hebrews 11:13]] confirms they "confessed that they were strangers and exiles on the earth." The subsequent verse [[Hebrews 11:16]] clarifies that they "desire a better country, that is, a heavenly one." In this instance, πατρίς transcends its literal meaning, becoming a powerful metaphor for the eschatological hope and ultimate destination of believers – a spiritual, divine homeland.
### Related Words & Concepts
The semantic field of πατρίς is enriched by its connections to other Greek terms and theological concepts:
* **πατήρ (G3962):** "Father." The etymological root of πατρίς, emphasizing the idea of an ancestral place.
* **πατριά (G3965):** "Lineage, family, tribe." Also derived from πατήρ, it speaks to one's heritage and extended family group, closely related to the concept of one's native land.
* **πόλις (G4172):** "City." Often the specific "native town" aspect of πατρίς (e.g., Nazareth as Jesus's πατρίς).
* **πάροικος (G3940):** "Sojourner, alien." This term stands in stark contrast to πατρίς, as it describes one who is not in their native land, highlighting the pilgrim status of believers in relation to their heavenly πατρίς.
* **ξένος (G3581):** "Stranger, foreigner." Similar to πάροικος, it emphasizes being an outsider, reinforcing the idea of believers seeking a true home.
* **Concepts:**
* **Pilgrimage:** The journey of faith towards a spiritual destination, directly linked to the idea of seeking a heavenly πατρίς.
* **Exile:** The experience of being away from one's true home, a common biblical theme for God's people.
* **Heavenly Citizenship:** The notion, as expressed in [[Philippians 3:20]], that believers' true allegiance and identity are found in heaven, not on earth.
* **Eschatology:** The study of end times and ultimate destiny, which is central to the concept of a future, heavenly πατρίς.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of πατρίς is profound and multifaceted:
1. **The Rejection of the Messiah:** In the Gospels, the use of πατρίς underscores the poignant reality of Jesus's rejection by "his own" ([[John 1:11]]). This rejection in his native town, by those who should have known and welcomed him, fulfills a prophetic pattern of the prophet being without honor in his own land. It highlights the blindness and hardened hearts of humanity towards divine truth, even when it manifests in their midst.
2. **The Pilgrim Nature of Believers:** The usage in [[Hebrews 11]] is transformative. It redefines the ultimate πατρίς for God's people. The patriarchs, exemplary figures of faith, understood their earthly existence as temporary. They were not seeking a return to an earthly home (like Ur for Abraham), but rather a "better country, that is, a heavenly one." This establishes a foundational theological truth for all believers: our true home, our ultimate allegiance, and our lasting inheritance are not found in any earthly locale, but in the presence of God in heaven.
3. **Hope and Eschatological Orientation:** The heavenly πατρίς serves as the ultimate object of hope for believers. It provides a divine perspective on suffering and transient earthly life, reminding us that our true citizenship and eternal rest lie beyond this world. This eschatological orientation motivates perseverance, detachment from worldly attachments, and a longing for the fulfillment of God's promises. It is the place of ultimate belonging, where faith finds its consummation.
### Summary
The Greek word πατρίς (G3968) initially denotes one's "fatherland" or "native town," a place of origin. In the Gospels, it poignantly describes Jesus's rejection in Nazareth, his earthly πατρίς, illustrating the common fate of a prophet without honor among his own. However, its most profound theological significance emerges in [[Hebrews 11]], where πατρίς transcends its earthly meaning to signify a "heavenly home" or "better country." This figurative usage portrays believers, like the patriarchs, as sojourners on earth, whose ultimate identity and belonging are found not in any earthly locale, but in a divine, eternal homeland. Thus, πατρίς encapsulates both the earthly rejection faced by the Messiah and the heavenly hope that defines the pilgrim journey of the faithful.
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