from πατήρ; paternal, i.e. ancestral:--of fathers.
Transliteration:patrikós
Pronunciation:pat-ree-kos'
Detailed Word Study
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek adjective πατρικός (transliterated *patrikós*) is derived directly from the noun πατήρ (`{{G3962}}`, *patēr*), meaning "father." Its core meaning therefore revolves around the concept of "father" or "ancestor." Semantically, it conveys the sense of "paternal," "ancestral," or "belonging to the fathers." It describes that which is inherited from, characteristic of, or pertaining to one's forefathers or ancestors. This can encompass traditions, laws, customs, or even physical lineage. The term emphasizes a connection to the past, particularly in terms of handed-down heritage.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The word πατρικός appears only once in the New Testament, specifically in the Book of Acts:
* **[[Acts 22:3]]**: In his defense before the Jewish crowd in Jerusalem, Paul declares, "I am a Jew, born in Tarsus of Cilicia, but brought up in this city, educated at the feet of Gamaliel according to the strict manner of the law of our fathers, being zealous for God as all of you are today."
* Here, Paul uses the phrase "the law of our fathers" (τὸν νόμον τῶν πατρικῶν ἡμῶν). This refers not merely to the Mosaic Law itself, but more broadly to the entire body of Jewish religious and cultural tradition, including the oral law and rabbinic interpretations, which had been passed down through generations of their ancestors. Paul is emphasizing his deep immersion in and adherence to this ancestral heritage, highlighting his impeccable Jewish credentials prior to his conversion to Christ. The term underscores the deep-rooted nature of this tradition, presenting it as an inherited and foundational aspect of his identity and upbringing.
### Related Words & Concepts
The semantic field of πατρικός is closely tied to several other Greek terms and theological concepts:
* **πατήρ (`{{G3962}}`, *patēr*)**: The direct root, meaning "father." This is the foundational word from which πατρικός derives its meaning of "paternal" or "of fathers."
* **πατριά (`{{G3961}}`, *patria*)**: Meaning "lineage," "family," "clan," or "ancestral line." This term directly relates to the concept of ancestral heritage and the collective body of "fathers" from whom traditions are passed down.
* **πατρίς (`{{G3965}}`, *patris*)**: Meaning "fatherland" or "homeland." This word connects to the idea of a shared ancestral land and identity, often associated with inherited customs and laws.
* **παράδοσις (`{{G3862}}`, *paradosis*)**: Meaning "tradition" or "that which is handed down." This concept is intrinsically linked to πατρικός, as the "law of our fathers" (πατρικῶν) in [[Acts 22:3]] is precisely a form of tradition passed down through generations.
* **Κληρονομία (`{{G2817}}`, *klēronomia*)**: Meaning "inheritance." While πατρικός does not directly mean inheritance, it describes that which is inherited from ancestors, whether it be law, custom, or identity.
### Theological Significance
The singular use of πατρικός in [[Acts 22:3]] carries significant theological weight. It serves to underscore Paul's deep-seated Jewish identity and his rigorous adherence to the ancestral traditions before his encounter with the risen Christ. This emphasis on the "law of our fathers" highlights:
1. **The Authority of Ancestral Tradition**: For the Jewish audience, the "law of our fathers" represented the divinely ordained and historically transmitted framework of their faith and life. Paul’s appeal to it was a strategic move to establish common ground and demonstrate his former zeal.
2. **Continuity and Discontinuity**: While Paul fully respected and was educated in this "patrikos" heritage, his conversion marked a profound shift. He moved from a zeal for the ancestral law to a zeal for Christ, who fulfilled and transcended that law. The term thus implicitly sets up a theological tension between the old covenant, steeped in ancestral tradition, and the new covenant, established through Christ's redemptive work.
3. **Identity Formation**: The term illustrates how deeply ingrained ancestral heritage and religious tradition were in shaping one's identity in the ancient world. For Paul, this was his foundational identity before Christ redefined it.
4. **Theological Argument**: In the broader context of Acts and Paul's epistles, his former adherence to the "law of our fathers" provides a strong backdrop for his later arguments regarding justification by faith apart from the works of the law. He understood the law from the inside, as one who rigorously lived by its ancestral dictates.
### Summary
The Greek word πατρικός (`{{G3967}}`, *patrikós*) precisely conveys the meaning of "paternal" or "ancestral," describing that which pertains to or is inherited from one's fathers or forefathers. Its sole New Testament occurrence in [[Acts 22:3]] is highly significant, where Paul refers to "the law of our fathers" to emphasize his rigorous upbringing and adherence to Jewish ancestral traditions and the Mosaic Law. This term highlights the deep importance of inherited heritage and tradition in shaping identity, while also subtly setting the stage for the theological shift from an identity rooted in ancestral law to one centered on Christ. It underscores the historical continuity and theological discontinuity that define the transition from the old covenant to the new.
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