### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **parorgízō**, represented by `{{G3949}}`, is defined as to **anger alongside, i.e. enrage**. It is formed from the words παρά and ὀργίζω. According to the scriptural record, it appears **3 times** across **2 unique verses**.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term `{{G3949}}` is used in two distinct contexts. In a familial setting, fathers `{{G3962}}` are explicitly commanded not to **provoke** their children `{{G5043}}` to wrath [[Ephesians 6:4]]. In a national context, the word is used in a quotation of Moses where God states He will **anger** Israel by means of a "foolish `{{G801}}` nation" [[Romans 10:19]]. This action is set in parallel with provoking them to jealousy.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the meaning and application of `{{G3949}}`:
* `{{G3863}}` **parazēlóō** (to stimulate alongside, i.e. excite to rivalry): This term is used in direct parallel with `{{G3949}}` in [[Romans 10:19]], where God plans to **provoke** Israel to jealousy and **anger** them through another people.
* `{{G3809}}` **paideía** (tutorage, i.e. education or training; by implication, disciplinary correction): In [[Ephesians 6:4]], this is presented as the constructive alternative to provoking children to wrath. Fathers are to bring children up in the **nurture** of the Lord.
* `{{G3962}}` **patḗr** (a "father"): This word identifies the specific group being addressed in the command not to provoke children to wrath, highlighting a key area of parental responsibility [[Ephesians 6:4]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G3949}}` is demonstrated in its specific applications.
* **Parental Conduct:** The command in [[Ephesians 6:4]] establishes a clear standard for fatherhood. Provoking a child to wrath stands in direct opposition to the godly alternative of raising them in the **nurture** `{{G3809}}` and **admonition** `{{G3559}}` of the Lord `{{G2962}}`.
* **Divine Action:** [[Romans 10:19]] reveals that God can use the provocation of anger as a tool. He declares His intention to **anger** Israel through another nation, linking it to a plan to incite jealousy and rivalry.
* **A Counterpoint to Godly Training:** By contrasting `{{G3949}}` with positive terms like `paideía` (nurture) and `nouthesía` (admonition), scripture frames this type of provocation as detrimental to proper spiritual and relational development within the family.
### Summary
In summary, `{{G3949}}` is a specific term for enraging or provoking to wrath. It is used to deliver a direct prohibition to fathers regarding their children and is also employed to describe God's sovereign action toward the nation of Israel. The word highlights a powerful, negative response that is contrasted with the positive, constructive results of godly training and admonition.
TRV