from a compound of παρά and perhaps a derivative of οἴομαι; apparently a state alongside of supposition, i.e. (concretely) an adage; specially, an enigmatical or fictitious illustration:--parable, proverb.
### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **paroimía**, represented by `{{G3942}}`, is defined as an adage or, specially, an enigmatical or fictitious illustration, and is translated as **parable** or **proverb**. It appears **5 times** across **4 unique verses** in the Bible. This term refers to a style of speaking that is indirect or requires interpretation, standing alongside a direct supposition.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In its biblical usage, `{{G3942}}` describes a specific mode of communication used by Jesus and cited by the apostles. Jesus states that he has spoken in **proverbs** but that a time is coming when he will speak no more in **proverbs** and instead show the disciples plainly of the Father [[John 16:25]]. When Jesus spoke a **parable** to the people, they did not understand what he was saying [[John 10:6]]. The disciples later acknowledge the shift in his teaching, stating, "Lo, now speakest thou plainly, and speakest no **proverb**" [[John 16:29]]. The word is also used to reference a known adage, as when Peter cites the "**true** proverb" about a dog returning to its own vomit [[2 Peter 2:22]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the concept of a proverb and its function:
* `{{G3954}}` **parrhēsía** (plainly, confidence): As the direct opposite of a proverb, this word means "all out-spokenness, i.e. frankness, bluntness, publicity." It is contrasted with `{{G3942}}` when the disciples recognize that Jesus is no longer speaking in proverbs but with plainness [[John 16:29]].
* `{{G1097}}` **ginṓskō** (to know, understand): This term is crucial to the purpose of a proverb, as the listeners often failed to **understand** the meaning behind Jesus's parables [[John 10:6]]. It means to "know" absolutely, a goal that a proverb can either obscure or eventually reveal.
* `{{G227}}` **alēthḗs** (true): This word, meaning "true (as not concealing)," is used to describe the nature of a proverb in [[2 Peter 2:22]]. It affirms that even an enigmatic saying is meant to convey a reality that is fundamentally **true**.
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G3942}}` is found in its function as a divine teaching tool.
* **Progressive Revelation:** The use of **proverbs** represents a temporary phase in Jesus's teaching. He uses them to convey truths before a time of clearer revelation, promising an **hour** when he will **shew** his disciples **plainly** of the **Father** [[John 16:25]].
* **Spiritual Discernment:** A **parable** `{{G3942}}` serves as a dividing line, testing whether listeners can **understand** `{{G1097}}` the spiritual truths being presented by **Jesus** `{{G2424}}` [[John 10:6]]. It hides the meaning from those who are not ready to receive it.
* **Illustrating Inescapable Truth:** A **proverb** can act as a memorable and stark illustration of a spiritual principle. The "true **proverb**" about the dog and the sow powerfully depicts the nature of those who turn back to their old ways after being cleansed [[2 Peter 2:22]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G3942}}` is not merely a simple saying but a significant element of biblical communication. It can be a fictitious illustration that conceals a deeper truth, an adage that captures a known reality, or a temporary method of teaching that anticipates a more direct revelation. The use of **paroimía** highlights the transition from indirect, enigmatic speech to the plain and open declaration of the gospel and the nature of the Father.
TRV