from παρά and ἐκτός; near outside, i.e. besides:--except, saving, without.
Transliteration:parektós
Pronunciation:par-ek-tos'
Detailed Word Study
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
παρεκτός (parektos, `{{G3924}}`) is a Greek preposition formed from παρά (para, `{{G3844}}`), meaning "beside" or "near," and ἐκτός (ektos, `{{G1622}}`), meaning "outside" or "without." Its composite nature thus conveys the sense of "outside of," "apart from," or "besides." Semantically, it functions primarily as an exclusionary or exceptional particle. It indicates that something is "except for" or "without" a particular element, or that it stands "besides" or "in addition to" a given set, often with an implied distinction. It marks an exception to a general statement or a specific distinction from a broader category.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term παρεκτός (parektos, `{{G3924}}`) appears three times in the New Testament, each instance offering significant contextual insight:
* **[[Matthew 5:32]]**: "But I say to you that everyone who divorces his wife, **except** on the ground of sexual immorality, makes her commit adultery, and whoever marries a divorced woman commits adultery." Here, παρεκτός functions as a crucial exception clause. Jesus' teaching on divorce is presented as a strict prohibition, but this single phrase introduces the only permissible grounds for divorce: *porneia* (sexual immorality). This specific exclusion is vital for understanding the scope and limits of the divine command regarding marriage and its dissolution.
* **[[Acts 26:29]]**: "And Paul said, 'I would to God that whether in short or long time, not only you but also all who hear me this day might become such as I am – **except** for these chains.'" In this powerful declaration before King Agrippa, Paul expresses his fervent wish for his hearers to experience the saving grace he has received, but he pointedly excludes his physical imprisonment. παρεκτός here highlights a stark contrast between the spiritual freedom and blessedness of his faith and the physical reality of his bonds. It underscores that his spiritual state is independent of his external circumstances.
* **[[2 Corinthians 11:28]]**: "Apart from other things, there is the daily pressure on me of my anxiety for all the churches." Here, παρεκτός is translated as "apart from" or "besides." Paul is enumerating the vast array of sufferings and hardships he endures as an apostle. This phrase introduces an additional, distinct category of burden – the constant, internal pressure of concern for the churches – which stands *apart from* or *in addition to* the physical persecutions, shipwrecks, and dangers he has just detailed. It emphasizes the unique spiritual and emotional weight of his apostolic responsibility.
### Related Words & Concepts
* **Synonyms/Related Prepositions:**
* πλὴν (plen, `{{G4133}}`): "nevertheless, except," often used to introduce an exception or a strong contrast.
* χωρίς (choris, `{{G5565}}`): "separately, apart from, without," which can denote simple separation or absence, but παρεκτός often carries a more precise sense of an explicit exception.
* ἄνευ (aneu, `{{G408}}`): "without," implying absence.
* **Antonyms/Opposite Concepts:**
* Inclusion, togetherness, presence, such as conveyed by σύν (syn, `{{G4862}}`, "with") or μετά (meta, `{{G3326}}`, "with").
* **Conceptual Links:**
* The concept of **limitation** or **qualification** in divine commands or human statements.
* The idea of **distinction** or **differentiation** between categories or experiences.
* In legal and ethical discourse, it relates to the concept of an **exception clause**, which defines the boundaries of a rule.
* It highlights the **contrast** between internal spiritual realities and external physical circumstances.
* It can emphasize the **cumulative nature** of burdens or responsibilities, distinguishing one type from others.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of παρεκτός (parektos, `{{G3924}}`) lies in its precise function of delineating boundaries, establishing exceptions, and highlighting distinctions in matters of profound spiritual and ethical import.
In [[Matthew 5:32]], its use in the "exception clause" regarding divorce is foundational for Christian ethics on marriage. It reveals that while God's ideal for marriage is indissoluble, there is a specific, grave circumstance (*porneia*) that can legitimately break the covenant, allowing for divorce without incurring the sin of adultery. This demonstrates both the high standard of God's law and His compassionate understanding of human fallenness and its consequences. It implies a divine allowance for a specific scenario that deviates from the general rule due to the profound impact of sin.
In [[Acts 26:29]], Paul's use of παρεκτός underscores the profound spiritual liberty found in Christ, which transcends physical bondage. It speaks to the believer's identity and freedom in Christ, contrasting it sharply with external circumstances. The chains represent the world's opposition, but they cannot bind the spiritual reality of salvation. This highlights the truth that true spiritual well-being is not contingent upon worldly comfort or freedom from persecution.
In [[2 Corinthians 11:28]], the word reveals the comprehensive nature of apostolic suffering, extending beyond physical hardship to include the deep emotional and spiritual burden of caring for the churches. This highlights the self-sacrificial nature of true spiritual leadership, where concern for the flock is a constant, pressing reality, distinct from but alongside other trials. It points to the pastor's heart, mirroring Christ's own care for His church, and underscores the unseen spiritual and emotional toll of ministry.
### Summary
παρεκτός (parektos, `{{G3924}}`) is a Greek preposition meaning "except," "besides," or "apart from," formed from παρά (para, `{{G3844}}`) and ἐκτός (ektos, `{{G1622}}`). It functions to introduce an exception or to distinguish one element from a larger set. Its three occurrences in the New Testament are highly significant. In [[Matthew 5:32]], it forms the critical "exception clause" concerning divorce, indicating the sole grounds for a permissible dissolution of marriage. In [[Acts 26:29]], it highlights the contrast between Paul's spiritual freedom and his physical imprisonment, emphasizing that true liberty in Christ transcends external circumstances. Finally, in [[2 Corinthians 11:28]], it distinguishes the unique burden of anxiety for the churches from other apostolic trials, revealing the depth of Paul's pastoral care. Thus, παρεκτός serves to define boundaries, clarify specific conditions, and underscore distinctions, offering precise insights into biblical ethics, spiritual realities, and the nature of Christian ministry.
TRV