The Greek word parábasis, represented by G3847, defines an act of violation or transgression. It is derived from a word meaning to step over a line, thus signifying the breaking of a known command or law. It appears 7 times across 7 unique verses in the New Testament.
In its scriptural use, G3847 is fundamentally linked to the concept of law. The law was "added because of transgressions" Galatians 3:19, and where there is no law, "there is no transgression" Romans 4:15. The term is specifically used to describe "Adam's transgression" Romans 5:14 and the state of the woman who, being deceived, was "in the transgression" 1 Timothy 2:14. Consequently, every transgression receives a just penalty Hebrews 2:2, but Christ's death serves as the "redemption of the transgressions that were under the first testament" Hebrews 9:15. The act is also described as the "breaking the law" Romans 2:23.
Several related words help clarify the nature and consequences of G3847:
- G3709 orgḗ (wrath): This word for divine anger is presented as a direct result of the law, which reveals sin. The scripture states that "the law worketh wrath" because it makes transgression possible Romans 4:15.
- G3876 parakoḗ (disobedience): This term, meaning inattention or disobedience, is used in parallel with G3847. The "word spoken by angels" was steadfast, and both "transgression and disobedience received a just recompence of reward" Hebrews 2:2.
- G629 apolýtrōsis (redemption): This word for deliverance or ransom is the divine solution to transgression. Christ is the mediator of the new testament to provide for the "redemption of the transgressions" committed under the old Hebrews 9:15.
The theological significance of G3847 is focused on the relationship between law, sin, and salvation.
- The Defining Role of Law: Transgression is not a vague concept but a specific violation of a given standard. The Apostle Paul makes it clear that the law's function was to make such violations apparent, stating it was "added because of transgressions" Galatians 3:19.
- Consequences of Violation: A G3847 is never without consequence. It is shown to bring about God's wrath Romans 4:15 and to merit a "just recompence of reward" Hebrews 2:2, establishing the principle of divine justice.
- The Foundation for Redemption: The existence of transgressions under the first testament created a need that only Christ could meet. His death is presented as the means for the "redemption of the transgressions," making a new covenant and an eternal inheritance possible Hebrews 9:15.
In summary, G3847 is a precise term that denotes the violation of a known standard or law. It is distinct from general sinfulness by its direct relationship to a command. Its use in scripture establishes a critical theological framework: the law reveals transgression, transgression requires judgment, and judgment is met by the redemption offered through Christ's death. The concept moves from Adam's original trespass to the ultimate solution found in the new testament.
TRV