### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek verb μεταδίδωμι (metadídōmi) is a compound word formed from the preposition μετά (meta), meaning "with" or "among," and the verb δίδωμι (didomi), meaning "to give." This etymological combination conveys the sense of giving a portion or a share of something, implying an act of distribution or imparting from one's own possession to another. It is more specific than a simple act of giving; it denotes the act of sharing what one has with others, often in a context of fellowship, need, or mutual participation. Its semantic range thus encompasses "to give a share of," "to impart," "to distribute," and "to share." The emphasis is on the act of giving *from* one's own resources *to* another, with the implication of participation or commonality.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term μεταδίδωμι appears in several significant New Testament passages, illuminating its practical and theological implications:
* In [[Luke 3:11]], John the Baptist instructs the crowds, "Whoever has two tunics is to share (μεταδίδωμι) with him who has none, and whoever has food is to do likewise." Here, the verb directly commands the sharing of material necessities with those in need, highlighting a fundamental aspect of practical charity and compassion.
* Paul uses μεταδίδωμι in [[Romans 1:11]] when expressing his fervent desire to visit the Roman believers: "For I long to see you, that I may impart (μεταδίδωμι) to you some spiritual gift to strengthen you." In this context, the imparting is of a spiritual nature, signifying the transmission of divine grace, encouragement, or enablement for the edification of the church. This is not a transfer of ownership, but a sharing of spiritual benefit.
* In [[Romans 12:8]], within a list of spiritual gifts, Paul exhorts, "the one who contributes (ὁ μεταδιδούς), in generosity." Here, the participle ὁ μεταδιδούς refers to the person who shares or distributes. The accompanying adverb "in generosity" (ἐν ἁπλότητι, lit. "in simplicity" or "sincerity") underscores the attitude with which such sharing should occur—without ulterior motives or pretense, but with a pure heart.
* [[Ephesians 4:28]] commands, "Let the thief no longer steal, but rather let him labor, doing honest work with his own hands, so that he may have something to share (μεταδίδωμι) with anyone in need." This verse links honest labor directly to the ability and responsibility to share with the less fortunate, presenting sharing as a positive alternative to illicit gain and a practical expression of Christian ethics.
* Finally, in [[1 Timothy 6:18]], wealthy believers are exhorted "to do good, to be rich in good works, to be generous and ready to share (μεταδιδόναι)." This passage emphasizes a proactive readiness to share material blessings, seeing wealth as an opportunity for benefaction rather than hoarding. The phrase "ready to share" encapsulates the disposition of a true steward of God's resources.
Across these occurrences, μεταδίδωμι consistently denotes an active, intentional, and often sacrificial act of sharing, whether of material goods or spiritual blessings, driven by love, duty, or the desire for mutual edification.
### Related Words & Concepts
While closely related to δίδωμι (didomi, `{{G1325}}`, "to give"), μεταδίδωμι carries the specific nuance of "sharing" or "imparting" a portion, implying a distribution from one's own resources rather than a mere transfer. It is distinct from δίδωμι in that μεταδίδωμι strongly suggests a participatory act of giving, where the giver shares *from* what they possess, often with a sense of fellowship or commonality.
The concept of μεταδίδωμι is deeply intertwined with κοινωνία (koinonia, `{{G2842}}`), which denotes fellowship, participation, and the sharing of common life or resources. The act of μεταδίδωμι is a practical manifestation of κοινωνία, transforming abstract fellowship into tangible acts of mutual support.
Other related concepts include:
* **Generosity:** The attitude and practice of giving freely.
* **Stewardship:** The understanding that all possessions are ultimately God's and are to be managed and shared according to His will.
* **Hospitality:** The welcoming and providing for strangers or guests, often involving sharing resources.
* **Charity/Almsgiving:** The act of giving aid to the poor or needy.
The emphasis of μεταδίδωμι is on the *action* of sharing, making it a verb that translates theological principles into concrete ethical behavior.
### Theological Significance
The act of μεταδίδωμι is deeply embedded in the theological framework of Christian love, community, and witness.
1. **Expression of Agape Love:** Sharing, as commanded by John the Baptist and exemplified in the early church, is a fundamental expression of *agape* love—selfless, sacrificial love for one's neighbor. It moves beyond sentiment to practical action, addressing tangible needs.
2. **Stewardship and Divine Provision:** The call to share implies a recognition that all possessions are gifts from God. Believers are not absolute owners but stewards, entrusted with resources to be managed for God's glory and the good of others. Sharing becomes an act of worship and obedience to the divine provider.
3. **Building the Body of Christ:** Both material and spiritual sharing are vital for the health and growth of the Christian community. Material sharing ensures that no one within the fellowship is in dire need, fostering unity and mutual dependence. Spiritual imparting (as in [[Romans 1:11]]) strengthens believers, equips them for service, and builds up the church as the Body of Christ.
4. **Christian Witness:** The willingness to share, particularly with those outside the faith or in visible need, serves as a powerful witness to the transforming power of the Gospel. It demonstrates the Kingdom of God's values in a world often characterized by self-interest and accumulation.
5. **Imitation of Christ:** Jesus' entire life was an act of μεταδίδωμι—He shared His teachings, His healing power, His very life (`{{G2222}}`), and ultimately His glory. Believers are called to imitate Christ's self-giving nature, making sharing an essential aspect of discipleship.
Thus, μεταδίδωμι is not merely an ethical injunction but a theological imperative, reflecting God's own generous nature and fostering a community that mirrors His love.
### Summary
μεταδίδωμι (metadídōmi) is a potent Greek verb signifying the active and intentional sharing or imparting of something from one's own possession to another. It moves beyond simple giving (δίδωμι) to emphasize the distribution of a portion, often in contexts of need, fellowship, or mutual edification. Biblically, it encompasses both the sharing of material goods, such as food and clothing, and the imparting of spiritual gifts and blessings. Theologically, μεταδίδωμι is a foundational expression of *agape* love, a demonstration of faithful stewardship, and a vital practice for building up the Body of Christ. It embodies the Christian call to practical generosity and self-giving, reflecting God's own character and fostering a community marked by mutual care and support.
TRV