The Greek word zeûgos, represented by G2201, describes a couple or team. Its base definition is "from the same as ζυγός; a couple, i.e. a team (of oxen yoked together) or brace (of birds tied together):--yoke, pair." This specific term appears 2 times across 2 unique verses in the Bible, illustrating two distinct contexts: religious offering and worldly labor.
In its biblical appearances, G2201 is used both literally and figuratively. In Luke 2:24, it refers to a "pair of turtledoves" as part of a sacrifice G2378 offered according to the law G3551 of the Lord. The second instance occurs in a parable in Luke 14:19, where a man makes an excuse for declining an invitation, saying, "I have bought five yoke of oxen, and I go to prove them." Here, the yoke represents a significant material possession and responsibility.
Several related words help clarify the meaning of G2201 in its contexts:
- G1016 boûs (ox): This word is directly linked to the use of zeûgos as a "yoke." An ox was a key animal for labor, and owning five yoke represented a substantial investment that required attention Luke 14:19.
- G2378 thysía (sacrifice): This term is central to the context of offering a "pair" of birds. It refers to the sacrifice (the act or the victim) itself, highlighting an act of worship prescribed by law Luke 2:24. The concept is later expanded to include spiritual sacrifices Romans 12:1.
- G1381 dokimázō (to test; by implication, to approve): The man who bought the oxen needed to prove them. This word signifies testing something to approve its value, which, in the parable, becomes a higher priority than the invitation he received Luke 14:19.
The theological weight of G2201 is seen in the contrast between its two uses.
- Fulfillment of the Law: The offering of a "pair of turtledoves" is an act performed "according G2596 to that which is said G2046 in G1722 the law G3551 of the Lord G2962" Luke 2:24. This use underscores the importance of obedience and faithfulness to divine commands.
- Worldly Hindrances: In the parable, the "yoke of oxen" becomes a symbol of worldly entanglements that serve as an excuse G3868 to refuse a spiritual calling. It represents how material responsibilities can distract from the kingdom of God Luke 14:19.
- Testing of Priorities: The need to prove G1381 the oxen highlights a theme of testing what one holds valuable. While the man tested his earthly investment, the parable implicitly challenges the listener to prove G1381 what is truly important, such as the will of God Romans 12:2.
In summary, zeûgos G2201 is a term whose significance belies its infrequent use. It functions on two levels: as a literal "pair" for a religious sacrifice G2378, demonstrating righteousness under the law, and as a figurative "yoke" of possessions that can become an obstacle to faith. Through this simple word, scripture illustrates the critical tension between dutiful worship and the worldly priorities that can hinder it.
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