### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **zestós**, represented by `{{G2200}}`, is defined as **hot**, deriving from a word meaning "to boil." It carries the figurative implication of being fervent. It appears **3 times** across **2 unique verses** in the Bible, where it is used metaphorically to describe a state of spiritual commitment.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In its biblical usage, `{{G2200}}` is found exclusively in the book of Revelation. It is used in a direct address to describe a desirable spiritual state that is contrasted with being cold or lukewarm. The speaker states, "I know thy works, that thou art neither cold nor **hot**" [[Revelation 3:15]]. The text expresses a preference for a decisive spiritual temperature, stating a wish that the listener were either cold or **hot**. The absence of this quality is presented as a negative condition leading to rejection [[Revelation 3:16]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words provide the full context for the meaning of `{{G2200}}`:
* `{{G5593}}` **psychrós** (cold): This word is the direct antonym of **hot**. It is used in the same breath to establish the two extremes of an acceptable spiritual state [[Revelation 3:15]].
* `{{G5513}}` **chliarós** (lukewarm): This describes the unacceptable middle ground. Being **lukewarm** instead of **hot** or cold is the reason given for the impending judgment [[Revelation 3:16]].
* `{{G1692}}` **eméō** (to vomit): This is the consequential action for being neither **hot** nor cold. The speaker declares, "I will **spue** thee out of my mouth" [[Revelation 3:16]].
* `{{G2041}}` **érgon** (work): The assessment of being **hot** or not is based on a person's **works**. The evaluation begins with the statement, "I know thy **works**" [[Revelation 3:15]].
* `{{G1492}}` **eídō** (to know): This verb establishes the basis of the judgment. It signifies a complete awareness or perception of the spiritual state, as seen in the phrase "I **know** thy works" [[Revelation 3:15]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G2200}}` is significant despite its limited use. It highlights a clear expectation for spiritual commitment.
* **Spiritual Fervor:** The term is used figuratively to represent a zealous and passionate spiritual state. This is reinforced by its root definition, which implies boiling or being fervent.
* **Divine Assessment:** The state of being **hot** is directly connected to an evaluation of one's **works** `{{G2041}}`. This shows that spiritual temperature is not merely an internal feeling but is demonstrated through actions.
* **Consequences of Indifference:** The contrast with `lukewarm` `{{G5513}}` implies that spiritual indifference is viewed more negatively than being decidedly `cold` `{{G5593}}`. A lack of fervent commitment is met with a harsh consequence [[Revelation 3:16]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G2200}}` is a potent metaphorical term for spiritual zeal. While its literal meaning is **hot**, its biblical application in Revelation exclusively addresses the concept of fervent devotion. Set in direct opposition to being `cold` `{{G5593}}` or `lukewarm` `{{G5513}}`, it serves as a powerful illustration of the value placed on wholehearted spiritual commitment and the severe consequences of spiritual apathy.
TRV