### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **erethízō**, represented by `{{G2042}}`, means to stimulate, with a strong connotation of provoking to anger. According to its base definition, it comes from a presumed form of a word meaning "strife." It appears **2 times** across **2 unique verses** in the Bible, illustrating two very different applications of the concept of provocation.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In its two scriptural appearances, `{{G2042}}` is used in both a negative and a positive context. In Colossians, it serves as a direct command to fathers, warning them not to **provoke** their children to anger, which could lead them to become discouraged [[Colossians 3:21]]. Conversely, in 2 Corinthians, the word describes a positive outcome where the zeal of the Achaian believers has **provoked** or stimulated many others to action and readiness [[2 Corinthians 9:2]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the meaning and impact of `{{G2042}}` in its specific contexts:
* `{{G120}}` **athyméō** (to be spiritless, i.e. disheartened): This word describes the direct negative consequence of the provocation warned against in [[Colossians 3:21]]. When fathers provoke their children, they risk making them disheartened.
* `{{G2205}}` **zēlos** (zeal; ardor; or jealousy, envy): This is the cause of the positive provocation in [[2 Corinthians 9:2]]. The Corinthians' zeal for giving was the catalyst that stimulated others.
* `{{G3962}}` **patḗr** (a "father"): This identifies the agent performing the action in the negative command of [[Colossians 3:21]].
* `{{G5043}}` **téknon** (a child): This identifies the one being acted upon in [[Colossians 3:21]], highlighting the vulnerability of a child to being provoked.
### Theological Significance
The use of `{{G2042}}` carries significant implications for relationships and community influence.
* **Relational Caution:** The word underscores the responsibility that those in authority, such as a father `{{G3962}}`, have. The command in [[Colossians 3:21]] is a specific guard against using authority in a way that disheartens `{{G120}}` a child `{{G5043}}` rather than building them up.
* **Positive Stimulation:** The context of [[2 Corinthians 9:2]] demonstrates that provocation is not inherently negative. Zeal `{{G2205}}` for good works can serve as a powerful and positive stimulus within a community, encouraging others to similar devotion and action.
* **The Importance of Intent:** The dual usage of `{{G2042}}` reveals that the outcome of "provoking" is determined by the underlying motive. When stemming from strife or frustration, it leads to discouragement; when stemming from righteous zeal, it can inspire and motivate many.
### Summary
In summary, `{{G2042}}` **erethízō** is a potent word that captures the idea of stimulating a reaction in another person. Though it appears only twice, its usage provides a balanced perspective. It acts as a crucial warning against harmful provocation within the family unit and as an illustration of how positive zeal can constructively provoke an entire community toward good works, showing that the same action can have vastly different spiritual results.
TRV