from ἐπί and συνάγω; to collect upon the same place:--gather (together).
Transliteration:episynágō
Pronunciation:ep-ee-soon-ag'-o
Detailed Word Study
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek verb G1996 (episynágō) is a compound word formed from the preposition epí (upon, to, in addition) and the verb synágō `{{G4863}}` (to gather, bring together, assemble). The base meaning of synágō is a general act of collecting or bringing together. The prefix epí intensifies this action, adding a nuance of direction, purpose, or culmination. Thus, episynágō signifies a more focused, deliberate, or comprehensive gathering, often implying a movement from various points *to* a single designated place or person. It conveys the idea of "gathering together upon" or "collecting unto a specific point." This can involve people, objects, or even abstract concepts, though its primary use in the New Testament relates to the gathering of individuals. It suggests a purposeful assembly, often with a sense of finality or protective intent.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The occurrences of G1996 in the New Testament are primarily found in the Synoptic Gospels, carrying significant eschatological and redemptive weight.
1. **Jesus' Lament over Jerusalem:** In [[Matthew 23:37]] and [[Luke 13:34]], Jesus uses episynágō in a deeply poignant lament over Jerusalem: "O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, the city that kills the prophets and stones those who are sent to it! How often would I have episynágō (gathered) your children together as a hen gathers her brood under her wings, and you were not willing!" Here, the verb depicts Jesus' profound desire to gather and protect His people, similar to a mother hen's protective instinct for her chicks. It highlights a divine initiative of compassionate, redemptive gathering, tragically met with human resistance and unwillingness.
2. **The Gathering of the Elect:** Both [[Matthew 24:31]] and [[Mark 13:27]] employ episynágō in the context of the Son of Man's return and the final judgment: "And He will send out His angels with a loud trumpet call, and they will episynágō (gather) His elect from the four winds, from one end of heaven to the other." This usage portrays a cosmic, divine act of collection. The elect, scattered across the earth, will be supernaturally gathered by God's angels at the culmination of history. This is a definitive, unhindered act of divine sovereignty, ensuring the ultimate assembly of God's chosen people.
In these key passages, episynágō consistently points to a divine agent (Jesus, or His angels) performing the act of gathering, emphasizing its ultimate source in God's will and power. The contexts range from a sorrowful divine desire for the present generation to an assured eschatological reality for the elect.
### Related Words & Concepts
The study of G1996 is enriched by examining its relationship to other Greek terms and broader biblical concepts:
1. **synágō `{{G4863}}`:** As the root verb, synágō denotes a general act of gathering or assembling. episynágō specifies this act, often implying a gathering *unto* a particular point or purpose. While synágō might describe any assembly, episynágō frequently carries a more intense or purposeful nuance, especially in contexts of divine action.
2. **episynagōgē `{{G1997}}`:** This is the noun form of episynágō, meaning "a gathering together" or "assembly." It appears in [[Hebrews 10:25]] concerning the assembly of believers ("not neglecting to meet together, as is the habit of some, but encouraging one another, and all the more as you see the Day drawing near"). This term underscores the importance of the communal gathering of God's people in the present age, anticipating the ultimate eschatological gathering.
3. **ekklēsia `{{G1577}}`:** The term for "church" or "assembly," literally "the called-out ones." The concept of episynágō aligns perfectly with the nature of the ekklēsia as those whom God has called out of the world and gathered together unto Himself, forming His unified body.
4. **Old Testament Parallels:** The theme of God gathering His people is deeply rooted in the Old Testament. Hebrew verbs like qābaṣ `{{H6908}}` (to gather, collect) and qāhāl `{{H6950}}` (to assemble) frequently describe God's promise to gather scattered Israel from exile back to their land (e.g., [[Isaiah 11:12]], [[Ezekiel 37:21]]). episynágō in the New Testament continues and culminates this prophetic trajectory, applying it to the spiritual gathering of all God's elect in Christ.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of G1996 is profound, illuminating key aspects of God's character and redemptive plan:
1. **Divine Initiative and Sovereignty:** The consistent portrayal of God (through Christ or His angels) as the agent of gathering emphasizes His sovereign initiative in salvation history. The gathering of the elect is not a human endeavor but a divine act, ensuring the fulfillment of God's purposes.
2. **Christ's Redemptive Compassion:** Jesus' lament over Jerusalem (Matthew 23:37, Luke 13:34) reveals His deep, protective love and desire to gather His people for their safety and salvation. It underscores His role as the Good Shepherd who seeks to bring His flock together, even in the face of their resistance. This highlights the cost of human rejection of divine grace.
3. **Eschatological Hope and Consummation:** The future gathering of the elect (Matthew 24:31, Mark 13:27) provides immense hope for believers. It points to the ultimate completion of God's redemptive work, where His scattered people will be perfectly united in His presence at the return of Christ. This gathering signifies the final triumph of God's kingdom and the full realization of His covenant promises.
4. **Unity and Inclusion:** The act of gathering "from the four winds" implies bringing together people from all nations and backgrounds into one unified body. This speaks to the inclusive nature of God's salvation, breaking down barriers and forming a single, diverse people of God.
5. **Preparation for Judgment:** While primarily redemptive for the elect, the context of the final gathering also implies a separation. The gathering of the elect is intrinsically linked to the coming of the Son of Man for judgment, where those who are not gathered will face a different destiny.
### Summary
The Greek verb G1996 (episynágō) denotes a purposeful and often intense act of "gathering together," frequently from disparate locations to a single point. In the New Testament, its usage is primarily confined to the Synoptic Gospels, where it carries significant theological weight. It vividly portrays Jesus' compassionate desire to gather and protect His people, a desire tragically rejected by many in His earthly ministry. More profoundly, episynágō describes the future, cosmic act of God, through His angels, to supernaturally gather His elect from all corners of the earth at the consummation of the ages. This divine initiative underscores God's sovereignty, Christ's redemptive purpose, and the ultimate hope for the unified assembly of His people. The term thus links the present call to gather in faith with the glorious, certain eschatological gathering of all the redeemed.
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