The Greek word ἐπίσταμαι (epístamai), represented by G1987, conveys the idea of putting one's mind upon something to comprehend or be acquainted with it. It is translated as to know or understand. Appearing 14 times in 14 unique verses, its meaning centers on a practical or factual awareness, distinct from a deeper, more intimate knowledge.
In Scripture, G1987 is often used to refer to knowledge gained through experience, instruction, or observation. For instance, in Acts, speakers frequently appeal to their audience's shared experiences, stating "ye know" to establish common ground before making a point (Acts 15:7, Acts 20:18). The word can also denote a limited or specific understanding, as with Apollos, who was fervent in spirit but was described as "knowing only the baptism of John" Acts 18:25. Conversely, it can highlight the limits of human comprehension, as when James reminds believers, "ye know not what shall be on the morrow" James 4:14. This contrasts with the knowledge of demonic powers, where an evil spirit could claim it was acquainted with Paul's work Acts 19:15.
Several related words help clarify the specific type of knowledge conveyed by G1987:
- G1097 ginṓskō: This word implies a deeper, more absolute form of knowing. It is used to describe the intimate knowledge required for eternal life, "that they might know thee the only true God" John 17:3. In Acts 19:15, an evil spirit uses G1097 for Jesus but G1987 for Paul, suggesting a different level of awareness.
- G1492 eídō: Defined as properly to see, and by implication, to know, this word connects knowledge with perception. In Mark 14:68, Peter uses both terms, denying Christ by saying, "I know not, neither understand I G1987 what thou sayest," distinguishing between perception and comprehension.
- G2727 katēchéō: This term means to indoctrinate or instruct. Apollos was "instructed in the way of the Lord" Acts 18:25, and this instruction resulted in him "knowing G1987 only the baptism of John," showing how this type of knowledge is often acquired.
The use of G1987 carries significant thematic weight, particularly in distinguishing between human and divine knowledge.
- Knowledge from Experience: This understanding is frequently based on observable facts or past events. Paul reminds the elders from Ephesus of his conduct among them, saying, "Ye know, from the first day that I came into Asia, after what manner I have been with you" Acts 20:18. Similarly, the silversmiths in Ephesus were reminded that their wealth came from their craft, a fact they all know Acts 19:25.
- The Limits of Human Comprehension: The word is used to underscore humanity's inability to grasp the future or God's full plan. Abraham obeyed God's call "not knowing G1987 whither he went," demonstrating a faith that acted in the absence of complete factual understanding Hebrews 11:8.
- Factual Acquaintance: G1987 can describe being acquainted with a person or a set of teachings. The evil spirit was acquainted with Paul Acts 19:15, and Paul was able to speak freely to King Agrippa, being persuaded that the king knoweth of these things Acts 26:26.
In summary, G1987 epístamai is a specific term for knowing that emphasizes comprehension, acquaintance, and understanding based on instruction or experience. It is distinct from the absolute, relational knowledge of G1097 ginṓskō. By highlighting what people know from their daily lives, what they have been taught, and what they cannot yet comprehend, this word reinforces the biblical theme of living by faith in a God whose ways are beyond our complete understanding.
TRV