### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **ἐπίσταμαι (epístamai)**, represented by `{{G1987}}`, conveys the idea of putting one's mind upon something to comprehend or be acquainted with it. It is translated as to **know** or **understand**. Appearing **14 times** in **14 unique verses**, its meaning centers on a practical or factual awareness, distinct from a deeper, more intimate knowledge.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In Scripture, `{{G1987}}` is often used to refer to knowledge gained through experience, instruction, or observation. For instance, in Acts, speakers frequently appeal to their audience's shared experiences, stating "ye **know**" to establish common ground before making a point ([[Acts 15:7]], [[Acts 20:18]]). The word can also denote a limited or specific understanding, as with Apollos, who was fervent in spirit but was described as "**knowing** only the baptism of John" [[Acts 18:25]]. Conversely, it can highlight the limits of human comprehension, as when James reminds believers, "ye **know** not what shall be on the morrow" [[James 4:14]]. This contrasts with the knowledge of demonic powers, where an evil spirit could claim it was acquainted with Paul's work [[Acts 19:15]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the specific type of knowledge conveyed by `{{G1987}}`:
* `{{G1097}}` **ginṓskō**: This word implies a deeper, more absolute form of knowing. It is used to describe the intimate knowledge required for eternal life, "that they might **know** thee the only true God" [[John 17:3]]. In [[Acts 19:15]], an evil spirit uses `{{G1097}}` for Jesus but `{{G1987}}` for Paul, suggesting a different level of awareness.
* `{{G1492}}` **eídō**: Defined as properly to see, and by implication, to know, this word connects knowledge with perception. In [[Mark 14:68]], Peter uses both terms, denying Christ by saying, "I **know** not, neither **understand I** `{{G1987}}` what thou sayest," distinguishing between perception and comprehension.
* `{{G2727}}` **katēchéō**: This term means to indoctrinate or instruct. Apollos was "**instructed in** the way of the Lord" [[Acts 18:25]], and this instruction resulted in him "**knowing** `{{G1987}}` only the baptism of John," showing how this type of knowledge is often acquired.
### Theological Significance
The use of `{{G1987}}` carries significant thematic weight, particularly in distinguishing between human and divine knowledge.
* **Knowledge from Experience:** This understanding is frequently based on observable facts or past events. Paul reminds the elders from Ephesus of his conduct among them, saying, "Ye **know**, from the first day that I came into Asia, after what manner I have been with you" [[Acts 20:18]]. Similarly, the silversmiths in Ephesus were reminded that their wealth came from their craft, a fact they all **know** [[Acts 19:25]].
* **The Limits of Human Comprehension:** The word is used to underscore humanity's inability to grasp the future or God's full plan. Abraham **obeyed** God's call "not **knowing** `{{G1987}}` whither he went," demonstrating a faith that acted in the absence of complete factual understanding [[Hebrews 11:8]].
* **Factual Acquaintance:** `{{G1987}}` can describe being acquainted with a person or a set of teachings. The evil spirit was acquainted with Paul [[Acts 19:15]], and Paul was able to speak freely to King Agrippa, being persuaded that the king **knoweth** of these things [[Acts 26:26]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G1987}}` **epístamai** is a specific term for knowing that emphasizes comprehension, acquaintance, and understanding based on instruction or experience. It is distinct from the absolute, relational knowledge of `{{G1097}}` **ginṓskō**. By highlighting what people know from their daily lives, what they have been taught, and what they cannot yet comprehend, this word reinforces the biblical theme of living by faith in a God whose ways are beyond our complete understanding.
TRV