### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **epiorkéō**, represented by `{{G1964}}`, means **to commit perjury** or to **forswear self**. It is derived from the word ἐπίορκος. Despite its significant moral weight, this term appears only 2 times within a single verse in the Bible. It specifically addresses the act of breaking a solemn promise or oath.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In its single biblical appearance, `{{G1964}}` is used by Jesus in the Sermon on the Mount. He references an established teaching from the past: "thou shalt **not forswear thyself**" [[Matthew 5:33]]. This sets the stage for a deeper discussion on the nature of oaths, highlighting the traditional prohibition against committing perjury and failing to fulfill vows made to the Lord `{{G2962}}`. The term directly addresses the failure to be true to one's sworn word.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words in the immediate context clarify the meaning of `{{G1964}}`:
* `{{G3727}}` **hórkos** (oath): This is the object of the action. To forswear oneself is to violate an **oath**, which is defined as a sacred restraint or limit [[Matthew 5:33]].
* `{{G591}}` **apodídōmi** (to give away... perform, render): This word presents the proper action one should take with oaths, which is to **perform** or render them as promised, in contrast to breaking them [[Matthew 5:33]].
* `{{G3756}}` **ou** (no or not): This absolute negative adverb is central to the command, establishing a strict prohibition against perjury: "Thou shalt **not** forswear thyself" [[Matthew 5:33]].
* `{{G2962}}` **kýrios** (Lord, master): This title indicates the one to whom oaths are ultimately owed. The command is to perform oaths "unto the **Lord**," highlighting the divine gravity of making a vow [[Matthew 5:33]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G1964}}` is concentrated in its single appearance, establishing a clear moral principle.
* **Integrity in Speech:** The command against forswearing oneself underscores the importance of truthfulness and reliability. It directly ties a person's word to their moral and spiritual standing.
* **Accountability to God:** The act of performing oaths is explicitly directed "unto the Lord" `{{G2962}}`, indicating that a vow is not merely a promise between people but a solemn act made before God, who is the ultimate authority and witness [[Matthew 5:33]].
* **Foundation of Righteousness:** By referencing this command, Jesus includes faithfulness to one's word as a component of righteousness. It is presented as a known and foundational element of religious duty passed down from "them of old time" [[Matthew 5:33]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G1964}}` **epiorkéō** provides a specific term for the act of committing perjury. Though rare in scripture, its use in [[Matthew 5:33]] is pivotal, framing the conversation on oaths within the Sermon on the Mount. It establishes a divine standard for personal integrity, where failing to keep an oath is a direct offense. The word functions as a critical warning against violating a sworn promise, reinforcing that words spoken as vows are to be performed as if unto the Lord himself.
TRV