### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek verb epilanthánomai (`{{G1950}}`) is a compound word derived from the preposition epí (upon, in addition to, intensifying) and the verb lanthánō (`{{G2990}}`, to escape notice, to be hidden). In its middle voice, epilanthánomai fundamentally means "to lose out of mind," encompassing both the literal act of forgetting and, by strong implication, the act of neglecting or disregarding. The prefix epí often intensifies the action, suggesting a complete or thorough forgetting, or it can indicate a focus *upon* something that is then forgotten. The middle voice emphasizes that the subject is the one who forgets or is affected by the forgetting. Thus, it can describe an involuntary lapse of memory or a deliberate, culpable oversight due to a lack of care or attention.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
Epilanthánomai (`{{G1950}}`) appears a number of times in the New Testament, revealing its nuanced semantic range through various contexts.
In some instances, it denotes a genuine loss of memory or an inability to recall, such as in [[Matthew 16:5]], where the disciples "had forgotten to bring bread." Similarly, in [[Mark 8:14]], they "had forgotten to take bread." This usage reflects a simple, involuntary act of forgetting.
However, a more frequent and theologically significant usage conveys the idea of neglect or deliberate disregard. In [[Hebrews 13:2]], believers are exhorted "not to forget to show hospitality to strangers," implying that such an act is a duty that can be neglected if not actively pursued. Likewise, [[Hebrews 13:16]] commands, "Do not forget to do good and to share," underscoring that these are not merely optional acts but responsibilities that can be overlooked. The gravity of this neglect is further highlighted in [[James 1:24]], where the person who looks into a mirror and then walks away "immediately forgets what kind of person he was," signifying a failure to apply spiritual truth to one's life.
A unique and positive application is found in [[Philippians 3:13]], where Paul states, "forgetting what lies behind and straining forward to what lies ahead." Here, "forgetting" does not imply memory loss, but a deliberate act of disengagement from past achievements or failures, preventing them from hindering one's progress in Christ. This is an active, volitional "forgetting" for the sake of spiritual advancement.
Crucially, epilanthánomai (`{{G1950}}`) is also used to describe God's character. In [[Hebrews 6:10]], it is declared, "God is not unjust so as to forget your work and the love you have shown for his name." This verse provides a profound contrast to human fallibility, asserting God's perfect memory and unwavering faithfulness to His promises and to the labor of His saints.
### Related Words & Concepts
The most directly related word is lanthánō (`{{G2990}}`), the base verb from which epilanthánomai (`{{G1950}}`) is derived. While lanthánō means "to escape notice" or "to be hidden," the addition of epí in epilanthánomai specifies the *action* of forgetting or neglecting.
Antonyms and contrasting concepts are vital for a full understanding. The primary antonyms are verbs of remembering, such as mimnēskomai (`{{G3403}}`, to remember, recall) and mnēmoneuō (`{{G3421}}`, to call to mind, to be mindful of). The contrast between forgetting and remembering is a recurring theme in Scripture, emphasizing the importance of recalling God's deeds, commands, and covenants.
Related concepts include:
* **Neglect/Disregard:** The failure to give proper attention or care to something.
* **Heedlessness:** A lack of careful attention; thoughtlessness.
* **Ingratitude:** A failure to acknowledge or appreciate kindness or blessings, often stemming from forgetting their source.
* **Faithfulness/Steadfastness:** The antithesis of forgetfulness, particularly in God's character.
* **Remembrance:** The active process of recalling and applying truth, often encouraged as a spiritual discipline.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of epilanthánomai (`{{G1950}}`) is multifaceted, primarily highlighting the contrast between human fallibility and divine steadfastness.
First, it underscores **human frailty and the danger of spiritual amnesia**. The tendency to forget God's commands, His past acts of deliverance, or the spiritual truths one has learned is a recurring theme in both the Old and New Testaments. Such forgetfulness is not merely a cognitive lapse but often a moral failing that leads to disobedience, ingratitude, and spiritual decline. It can manifest as a failure to live out one's identity in Christ ([[James 1:24]]) or to fulfill one's Christian duties ([[Hebrews 13:2]], [[Hebrews 13:16]]).
Second, the positive use in [[Philippians 3:13]] presents a unique theological insight: **the necessity of a strategic "forgetting" for spiritual progress**. To "forget what lies behind" is a call to release oneself from the burdens of past failures or the complacency of past successes, allowing the believer to press forward with singular focus toward the prize of Christ. This is not amnesia, but a conscious decision to disengage from anything that might hinder spiritual maturity.
Third, epilanthánomai (`{{G1950}}`) illuminates **God's unwavering faithfulness**. The declaration that "God is not unjust so as to forget your work and the love you have shown" ([[Hebrews 6:10]]) provides immense comfort and assurance. It contrasts human forgetfulness with God's perfect memory and His commitment to His covenant promises and to those who serve Him. God's inability to forget implies His constant remembrance, His justice, and His ultimate reward for faithful service.
Finally, the repeated exhortations not to forget imply a **divine call to active remembrance and mindfulness**. Believers are called to cultivate a disposition of gratitude, obedience, and diligent application of truth, actively recalling God's character and commands to counter the natural human tendency toward forgetfulness and neglect.
### Summary
Epilanthánomai (`{{G1950}}`) is a Greek verb meaning "to lose out of mind," encompassing both involuntary forgetting and, more significantly, the act of neglecting or disregarding. Derived from epí and lanthánō (`{{G2990}}`), its middle voice emphasizes the subject's experience of forgetting. In the New Testament, it is used to describe literal memory lapses (e.g., [[Matthew 16:5]]) but more often highlights culpable neglect of spiritual duties and truths (e.g., [[Hebrews 13:2]], [[James 1:24]]). A unique positive sense is found in [[Philippians 3:13]], where "forgetting" the past is a volitional act for spiritual progress. Theologically, epilanthánomai (`{{G1950}}`) underscores human fallibility and the danger of spiritual amnesia, while powerfully contrasting it with God's perfect memory and unwavering faithfulness to His people and promises ([[Hebrews 6:10]]). It serves as a profound reminder of the importance of active remembrance and diligent application of God's truth in the life of a believer.
TRV