ἐπικρίνω

Core Meaning & Semantic Range

The Greek word epikrínō, represented by G1948, is a specific term used to adjudge or give sentence. It is derived from the words ἐπί and κρίνω. Its usage in scripture is highly focused, appearing only 1 time in 1 unique verse.

Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis

The single biblical instance of G1948 occurs in the account of Jesus's trial. In Luke 23:24, the Roman governor Pontius Pilate is the one who gave sentence. This was not a judgment based on his own findings, but a capitulation that it should be done as the people required. The word's context is therefore one of formal, legal condemnation enacted by a governing authority in response to an external demand.

Related Words & Concepts

Several related Greek words from its sole context in Luke 23:24 help clarify its meaning:

• G4091 Pilâtos (Pilate): This refers to the Roman official who is the agent of the action, the one who pronounces the sentence.
• G155 aítēma (petition, request): This is the "thing asked" or demanded by the crowd, which Pilate's sentence was given to fulfill.
• G1096 gínomai (to become, be brought to pass): This word expresses that the sentence was for the people's request to be fulfilled, linking the judicial decree to its subsequent execution.

Theological Significance

The theological weight of G1948 is concentrated in its singular, pivotal use in the narrative of Christ's passion.

• Human Authority and Judgment: The word is used for a sentence passed by a human authority, Pilate. It underscores the role of human legal structures in the events leading to the crucifixion Luke 23:24.
• The Act of Condemnation: As the definitive term for "gave sentence," G1948 marks the official point of condemnation. This legal act was the necessary precursor to Jesus being delivered up, as described in the gospels Acts 3:13.
• Response to a Demand: The sentence is explicitly linked to the request G155 of the people, highlighting that Pilate's judgment was a direct fulfillment of their demand.

Summary

In summary, G1948 is a precise legal term for pronouncing a formal judgment. Its exclusive use in scripture is to describe Pilate's sentence against Jesus, giving the word a profound and solemn significance. Though appearing just once, epikrínō captures the critical moment of human condemnation that was instrumental in the unfolding of God's redemptive plan.