### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek adjective enkratḗs (G1468) is a compound word derived from the preposition ἐν (en), meaning "in" or "within," and the noun κράτος (kratos), signifying "strength," "power," or "dominion." Etymologically, enkratḗs therefore denotes "having power within oneself" or "being strong in a thing." Figuratively and reflexively, it refers to the state of being "self-controlled," "self-mastered," or "temperate." This concept extends beyond mere external restraint; it speaks to an inner discipline that governs one's appetites, desires, passions, and impulses. It implies a mastery over one's own faculties and inclinations, leading to a disciplined and orderly life.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The adjective enkratḗs (G1468) appears once in the New Testament, specifically in [[Titus 1:8]]. In this passage, Paul outlines the essential qualifications for an elder or overseer in the church: "but hospitable, a lover of good, sober-minded, just, holy, **self-controlled** (enkratḗs)." Here, enkratḗs is presented as a non-negotiable characteristic for spiritual leadership. The inclusion of self-control in this list emphasizes that those who lead God's people must first demonstrate mastery over their own lives. This self-mastery is vital for maintaining integrity, exercising sound judgment, and providing a credible example to the flock. It suggests a leader who is not swayed by personal desires, worldly temptations, or emotional impulses, but who consistently acts with intentional discipline and moral rectitude.
### Related Words & Concepts
The concept embodied by enkratḗs is further illuminated by its cognates and related terms:
* `{{G1466}}` enkrateia (noun): This is the most direct cognate, meaning "self-control," "temperance," or "continence." It is used more frequently in the New Testament, notably as one of the "fruit of the Spirit" in [[Galatians 5:23]] and as a virtue to be added to faith in [[2 Peter 1:6]]. It represents the *state* or *virtue* of self-control.
* `{{G1467}}` enkrateuomai (verb): "to exercise self-control," "to be temperate." This verb describes the *act* of practicing self-control, as seen in [[1 Corinthians 9:25]], where athletes exercise self-control in all things to win a perishable prize.
* `{{G4998}}` sophron (adjective): "sound-minded," "prudent," "self-controlled." This word often appears alongside or in similar contexts to enkratḗs, emphasizing mental and moral soundness, as in [[Titus 1:8]] where sophrona precedes enkratē.
* `{{G4995}}` sophroneo (verb): "to be of sound mind," "to be self-controlled." It speaks to thinking and acting with sobriety and discretion ([[Romans 12:3]], [[Titus 2:6]]).
* `{{G3525}}` nepthalios (adjective): "sober," "vigilant." While often referring to abstinence from wine, it extends to a general state of alertness and clear-headedness, implying a form of self-control over one's senses and actions ([[1 Timothy 3:2]]).
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of enkratḗs is profound. It speaks to a fundamental aspect of Christian discipleship and spiritual maturity. Far from being a mere human effort, the self-control denoted by enkratḗs (and its noun form enkrateia) is presented as a divine enablement, a "fruit of the Spirit" ([[Galatians 5:23]]). This indicates that true Christian self-mastery is not achieved through sheer willpower alone, but through the empowering presence of the Holy Spirit working within the believer.
As a qualification for leadership ([[Titus 1:8]]), enkratḗs underscores the necessity of moral integrity and disciplined living for those who shepherd God's people. A leader who lacks self-control is vulnerable to temptation, easily swayed by personal desires, and thus ill-equipped to guide others in righteousness. Furthermore, self-control is presented as a crucial step in the progressive development of Christian character ([[2 Peter 1:6]]), foundational for perseverance, godliness, and brotherly love. It stands in stark contrast to the unrestrained passions and desires characteristic of fallen humanity ([[Galatians 5:19-21]]), serving as a visible mark of transformation and conformity to Christ's own perfect self-mastery.
### Summary
Enkratḗs (G1468) denotes self-mastery, inner discipline, and temperance, rooted in the concept of having power or dominion over oneself. Its singular occurrence in [[Titus 1:8]] highlights its critical importance as a qualification for church leadership, emphasizing the need for moral and behavioral integrity. Closely related to the noun `{{G1466}}` enkrateia, which is listed as a fruit of the Spirit ([[Galatians 5:23]]), enkratḗs underscores that true self-control is not merely human willpower but a Spirit-empowered virtue. Theologically, it signifies a vital aspect of Christian character, essential for spiritual growth, effective service, and demonstrating the transformative power of God in a believer's life, standing as a counterpoint to the unrestrained nature of sin.
TRV