The Greek word enkratḗs, represented by G1468, is defined as being strong in a thing, masterful, or, in a figurative and reflexive sense, self-controlled. It appears only 1 time across 1 unique verse in the Bible, signifying its specific but important role in describing a temperate character. The core concept is one of mastery over one's own appetites.
The single biblical use of G1468 is found in a list of essential virtues. In Titus 1:8, the word temperate is presented as a required quality alongside being a "lover of hospitality, a lover of good men, sober, just, holy." Its placement in this list indicates that self-control is not a standalone trait but a key component of a well-rounded and righteous character.
Several related words from its sole context in Titus 1:8 help clarify its meaning:
- G5382 philóxenos: This word is defined as "fond of guests, i.e. hospitable." It is also listed as a necessary quality for a bishop, emphasizing a character that is open and welcoming 1 Timothy 3:2.
- G5358 philágathos: Meaning "fond to good, i.e. a promoter of virtue," this term appears in the same list as G1468, linking self-control with an active love for what is good Titus 1:8.
- G4998 sṓphrōn: Defined as "self-controlled (moderate as to opinion or passion)," this word for sober or temperate reinforces the theme of inner discipline and is also used to describe aged men Titus 2:2.
- G1342 díkaios: Meaning just or "equitable (in character or act)," it establishes a standard of rightness in relationship to others. It is used to describe how children's obedience to parents is "right" Ephesians 6:1.
- G3741 hósios: This word for holy signifies something that is "right (by intrinsic or divine character)." It is used to describe the high priest, who is "holy, harmless, undefiled" Hebrews 7:26.
The theological weight of G1468 is derived from its context as a fundamental Christian virtue.
- Mastery Over Self: The definition "strong in a thing (masterful)" points to the theological concept that spiritual maturity involves gaining control over one's internal appetites and passions, rather than being ruled by them.
- Essential Virtue: Being temperate is not presented as optional but as a required trait, placed on par with being just G1342 and holy G3741, suggesting it is foundational to a godly life Titus 1:8.
- Integrated Character: Its inclusion in a list of virtues shows that self-control is an integral part of a complete spiritual character, woven together with hospitality, sobriety, and a love for good.
In summary, while G1468 is one of the rarer words in the New Testament, its single appearance in scripture is highly significant. It defines the virtue of being temperate or self-controlled, not as an isolated practice, but as a cornerstone of a righteous character. Its position in Titus 1:8, surrounded by other essential qualities, illustrates that mastery over self is inextricably linked to holiness, justice, and love for others.
TRV