### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **gongystḗs**, represented by `{{G1113}}`, translates to **grumbler** or **murmurer**. It appears only **1 time** in **1 unique verse** in the Bible. The term specifically identifies a person characterized by discontented muttering and complaining.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The single use of `{{G1113}}` is found in Jude's description of ungodly individuals. The verse identifies these people as **"murmurers"** {G1113} and "complainers," who are motivated by their own selfish desires. Their behavior is further described as "walking{G4198} after{G2596} their own{G846} lusts{G1939}" and speaking boastful words to gain favor for the sake of personal advantage [[Jude 1:16]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words in the same verse clarify the character of a `{{G1113}}` **murmurer**:
* `{{G3202}}` **mempsímoiros** (complainer): Appearing alongside **gongystḗs**, this word means "blaming fate, i.e. querulous (discontented)". It reinforces the idea of a person who is habitually discontented and finds fault [[Jude 1:16]].
* `{{G1939}}` **epithymía** (lust): This term points to the root cause of the murmuring. These individuals are walking after their own "**lusts**," indicating their grumbling stems from "a longing (especially for what is forbidden)" [[Jude 1:16]].
* `{{G5246}}` **hypéronkos** (great swelling): This describes the nature of their speech. Their "mouth{G4750} speaketh{G2980} **great swelling** words," meaning their words are insolent and arrogant, reflecting a self-important attitude [[Jude 1:16]].
* `{{G5622}}` **ōphéleia** (advantage): This word reveals the motive behind their flattery. They show admiration for others "because of **advantage**," highlighting that their praise is a tool for personal profit [[Jude 1:16]].
### Theological Significance
The theological profile of a `{{G1113}}` **gongystḗs** is defined by its sole context in scripture. It is not simply a person with a grievance, but one exhibiting a pattern of ungodliness:
* **Motivation by Lust:** The murmuring is explicitly linked to "walking after their own lusts" `{{G1939}}`, showing that the discontent is rooted in selfish, forbidden desire rather than righteous concern [[Jude 1:16]].
* **Arrogant and Deceptive Speech:** The "great swelling" `{{G5246}}` words from their "mouth" `{{G4750}}` are a key characteristic. This points to pride and an attempt to project importance [[Jude 1:16]].
* **Pragmatic Flattery:** They show "admiration" `{{G2296}}` for others purely for personal "advantage" `{{G5622}}`. This behavior reveals a manipulative character that uses flattery as a tool for gain [[Jude 1:16]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G1113}}` **gongystḗs** is a highly specific term that defines more than simple complaining. Through its single, powerful use in Jude, it describes an individual whose identity is marked by a grumbling spirit. This spirit is fueled by selfish lusts, expresses itself through arrogant speech, and employs flattery for personal advantage, painting a clear biblical portrait of a discontented and ungodly character.
TRV