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Commentary on Psalms 94 verses 12–23
The psalmist, having denounced tribulation to those that trouble God's people, here assures those that are troubled of rest. See Th2 1:6, Th2 1:7. He speaks comfort to suffering saints from God's promises and his own experience.
I. From God's promises, which are such as not only save them from being miserable, but secure a happiness to them (Psa 94:12): Blessed is the man whom thou chastenest. Here he looks above the instruments of trouble, and eyes the hand of God, which gives it another name and puts quite another color upon it. The enemies break in pieces God's people (Psa 94:5); they aim at no less; but the truth of the matter is that God by them chastens his people, as the father the son in whom he delights, and the persecutors are only the rod he makes use of. Howbeit they mean not so, neither doth their heart think so, Isa 10:5-7. Now it is here promised,
1.That God's people shall get good by their sufferings. When he chastens them he will teach them, and blessed is the man who is thus taken under a divine discipline, for none teaches like God. Note, (1.) The afflictions of the saints are fatherly chastenings, designed for their instruction, reformation, and improvement. (2.) When the teachings of the word and Spirit go along with the rebukes of Providence they then both manifest men to be blessed and help to make them so; for then they are marks of adoption and means of sanctification. When we are chastened we must pray to be taught, and look into the law as the best expositor of Providence. It is not the chastening itself that does good, but the teaching that goes along with it and is the exposition of it.
2.That they shall see through their sufferings (Psa 94:13): That thou mayest give him rest from the days of adversity. Note, (1.) There is a rest remaining for the people of God after the days of their adversity, which, though they may be many and long, shall be numbered and finished in due time, and shall not last always. He that sends the trouble will send the rest, that he may comfort them according to the time that he has afflicted them. (2.) God therefore teaches his people by their troubles, that he may prepare them for deliverance, and so give them rest from their troubles, that, being reformed, they may be relieved, and that the affliction, having done its work, may be removed.
3.That they shall see the ruin of those that are the instruments of their sufferings, which is the matter of a promise, not as gratifying any passion of theirs, but as redounding to the glory of God: Until the pit is digged (or rather while the pit is digging) for the wicked, God is ordering peace for them at the same time that he is ordaining his arrows against the persecutors.
4.That, though they may be cast down, yet certainly they shall not be cast off, Psa 94:14. Let God's suffering people assure themselves of this, that, whatever their friends do, God will not cast them off, nor throw them out of his covenant or out of his care; he will not forsake them, because they are his inheritance, which he will not quit his title to nor suffer himself to be disseised of. St. Paul comforted himself with this, Rom 11:1.
5.That, bad as things are, they shall mend, and, though they are now out of course, yet they shall return to their due and ancient channel (Psa 94:15): Judgment shall return unto righteousness; the seeming disorders of Providence (for real ones there never were) shall be rectified. God's judgment, that is, his government, looks sometimes as if it were at a distance from righteousness, while the wicked prosper, and the best men meet with the worst usage; but it shall return to righteousness again, either in this world or at the furthest in the judgment of the great day, which will set all to-rights. Then all the upright in heart shall be after it; they shall follow it with their praises, and with entire satisfaction; they shall return to a prosperous and flourishing condition, and shine forth out of obscurity; they shall accommodate themselves to the dispensations of divine Providence, and with suitable affections attend all its motions. They shall walk after the Lord, Hos 11:10. Dr. Hammond thinks this was most eminently fulfilled in the destruction of Jerusalem first, and afterwards of heathen Rome, the crucifiers of Christ and persecutors of Christians, and the rest which the churches had thereby. Then judgment returned even to righteousness, to mercy and goodness, and favour to God's people, who then were as much countenanced as before they had been trampled on.
II. From his own experiences and observations.
1.He and his friends had been oppressed by cruel and imperious men, that had power in their hands and abused it by abusing all good people with it. They were themselves evil-doers and workers of iniquity (Psa 94:16); they abandoned themselves to all manner of impiety and immorality, and then their throne was a throne of iniquity, Psa 94:20. Their dignity served to put a reputation upon sin, and their authority was employed to support it, and to bring about their wicked designs. It is a pity that ever a throne, which should be a terror to evil-doers and a protection and praise to those that do well, should be the seat and shelter of iniquity. That is a throne of iniquity which by the policy of its council frames mischief, and by its sovereignty enacts it and turns it into a law. Iniquity is daring enough even when human laws are against it, which often prove too weak to give an effectual check to it; but how insolent, how mischievous, is it when it is backed by a law! Iniquity is not the better, but much the worse, for being enacted by law; nor will it excuse those that practise it to say that they did but do as they were bidden. These workers of iniquity, having framed mischief by a law, take care to see the law executed; for they gather themselves together against the soul of the righteous, who dare not keep the statutes of Omri nor the law of the house of Ahab; and they condemn the innocent blood for violating their decrees. See an instance in Daniel's enemies; they framed mischief by a law when the obtained an impious edict against prayer (Dan 6:7), and, when Daniel would not obey it, they assembled together against him (Psa 94:11) and condemned his innocent blood to the lions. The best benefactors of mankind have often been thus treated, under colour of law and justice, as the worst of malefactors.
2.The oppression they were under bore very hard upon them, and oppressed their spirits too. Let not suffering saints despair, though, when they are persecuted, they find themselves perplexed and cast down; it was so with the psalmist here: His soul had almost dwelt in silence (Psa 94:17); he was at his wits' end, and knew not what to say or do; he was, in his own apprehensions, at his life's end, ready to drop into the grave, that land of silence. St. Paul, in a like case, received a sentence of death within himself, Co2 1:8, Co2 1:9. He said, "My foot slippeth (Psa 94:18); I am going irretrievably; there is no remedy; I must fall. I shall one day perish by the hand of Saul. My hope fails me; I do not find such firm footing for my faith as I have sometimes found." Psa 73:2. He had a multitude of perplexed entangled thoughts within him concerning the case he was in and the construction to be made of it, and concerning the course he should take and what was likely to be the issue of it.
3.In this distress they sought for help, and succour, and some relief. (1.) They looked about for it and were disappointed (Psa 94:16): "Who will rise up for me against the evil-doers? Have I any friend who, in love to me, will appear for me? Has justice any friend who, in a pious indignation at unrighteousness, will plead my injured cause?" He looked, but there was none to save, there was none to uphold. Note, When on the side of the oppressors there is power it is no marvel if the oppressed have no comforter, none that dare own them, or speak a good word for them, Ecc 4:1. When St. Paul was brought before Nero's throne of iniquity no man stood by him, Ti2 4:16. (2.) They looked up for it, Psa 94:20. They humbly expostulate with God: "Lord, shall the throne of iniquity have fellowship with thee? Wilt thou countenance and support these tyrants in their wickedness? We know thou wilt not." A throne has fellowship with God when it is a throne of justice and answers the end of the erecting of it; for by him kings reign, and when they reign for him their judgments are his, and he owns them as his ministers, and whoever resist them, or rise up against them, shall receive to themselves damnation; but, when it becomes a throne of iniquity, it has no longer fellowship with God. Far be it from the just and holy God that he should be the patron of unrighteousness, even in princes and those that sit in thrones, yea, though they be the thrones of the house of David.
4.They found succour and relief in God, and in him only. When other friends failed, in him they had a faithful and powerful friend; and it is recommended to all God's suffering saints to trust in him. (1.) God helps at a dead lift (Psa 94:17): "When I had almost dwelt in silence, then the Lord was my help, kept me alive, kept me in heart; and unless I had made him my help, by putting my trust in him and expecting relief from him, I could never have kept possession of my own soul; but living by faith in him has kept my head above water, has given me breath, and something to say." (2.) God's goodness is the great support of sinking spirits (Psa 94:18): "When I said, My foot slips into sin, into ruin, into despair, then thy mercy, O Lord! held me up, kept me from falling, and defeated the design of those who consulted to cast me down from my excellency," Psa 62:4. We are beholden not only to God's power, but to his pity, for spiritual supports: Thy mercy, the gifts of thy mercy and my hope in thy mercy, held me up. God's right hand sustains his people when they look on their right hand and on their left and there is none to uphold; and we are then prepared for his gracious supports when we are sensible of our own weakness and inability to stand by our own strength, and come to God, to acknowledge it, and to tell him how our foot slips. (3.) Divine consolations are the effectual relief of troubled spirits (Psa 94:19): "In the multitude of my thoughts within me, which are noisy like a multitude, crowding and jostling one another like a multitude, and very unruly and ungovernable, in the multitude of my sorrowful, solicitous, timorous thoughts, thy comforts delight my soul; and they are never more delightful than when they come in so seasonably to silence my unquiet thoughts and keep my mind easy." The world's comforts give but little delight to the soul when it is hurried with melancholy thoughts; they are songs to a heavy heart. But God's comforts will reach the soul, and not the fancy only, and will bring with them that peace and that pleasure which the smiles of the world cannot give and which the frowns of the world cannot take away.
5.God is, and will be, as a righteous Judge, the patron and protector of right and the punisher and avenger of wrong; this the psalmist had both the assurance of and the experience of. (1.) He will give redress to the injured (Psa 94:22): "When none else will, nor can, nor dare, shelter me, the Lord is my defence, to preserve me from the evil of my troubles, from sinking under them and being ruined by them; and he is the rock of my refuge, in the clefts of which I may take shelter, and on the top of which I may set my feet, to be out of the reach of danger." God is his people's refuge, to whom they may flee, in whom they are safe and may be secure; he is the rock of their refuge, so strong, so firm, impregnable, immovable, as a rock: natural fastnesses sometimes exceed artificial fortifications. (2.) He will reckon with the injurious (Psa 94:23): He shall render to them their own iniquity; he shall deal with them according to their deserts, and that very mischief which they did and designed against God's people shall be brought upon themselves: it follows, He shall cut them off in their wickedness. A man cannot be more miserable than his own wickedness will make him if God visit it upon him: it will cut him in the remembrance of it; it will cut him off in the recompence of it. This the psalm concludes with the triumphant assurance of: Yea, the Lord our God, who takes our part and owns us for his, shall cut them off from any fellowship with him, and so shall make them completely miserable and their pomp and power shall stand them in no stead.
"Who will rise up for me against the wicked? Or who will take my part against the evil doers?" [Psalm 94:16]. Many persuade us to various evils: the serpent ceases not to whisper to you to work iniquity: whichever way you shall turn, if perchance you have done well, you seek to live well with some one, and thou hardly findest any one; many wicked men surround you, for there are few grains of wheat, and much chaff. This floor has its grains of grain, but as yet they suffer. Therefore the whole mass of the wheat, when separated from the chaff, will be great: the grains are few, but when compared with the chaff, still many in themselves. When therefore the wicked cry out on every side, and say, Why do you live thus? Are you the only Christian? Why do you not do what others also do? Why do you not frequent the theatres, as others do? Why do you not use charms and amulets? Why do you not consult astrologers and soothsayers, even as others do? And thou crossest yourself, and sayest, I am Christian, that you may repel them, whosoever they are; but the enemy presses on, urges his attacks; what is worse, by the example of Christians he chokes Christians. They toil on, in the midst of heat: the Christian soul suffers tribulation: yet it has power to conquer: has it such power of itself? For this reason remark what he says. For he answers, What does it profit me that I now find charms for myself, and gain a few days? I depart hence from this life, and repair unto my Lord, who shall send me into the flames; because I have preferred a few days to life eternal, He shall send me into hell. What hell? That of the eternal judgment of God. Is it really so (the enemy answers), unless indeed thou really believest that God cares how men live? And perhaps it is not an acquaintance who speaks thus to you in the street, but your wife at home, or possibly the husband to the faithful and holy wife, her deceiver. If it be the woman to her husband, she is as Eve unto him; if as the husband unto the wife, he is as the devil unto her: either she is herself as Eve unto you, or you are a serpent unto her. Sometimes the father would incline his thoughts to his son, and finds him wicked, utterly depraved: he is in a fever of misery, he wavers, he seeks how to subdue him, he is almost drawn in, and consents: but may God be near him....
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SUMMARY
Psalm 94:16 presents a profound rhetorical question, a poignant lament from the psalmist expressing an urgent longing for a divine or human champion to confront the pervasive evil and injustice afflicting the righteous. It articulates a deep sense of vulnerability and isolation in the face of widespread wickedness, serving as a desperate cry for intervention against those who actively perpetuate iniquity and disregard God's justice. This verse encapsulates the psalmist's yearning for righteousness to prevail and for a strong defender to rise up against the forces of oppression.
CONTEXT
EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
Key Word Analysis
Verse Breakdown
Literary Devices
Psalm 94:16 is rich in literary artistry, primarily employing Rhetorical Question and Synonymous Parallelism. The entire verse is framed as a Rhetorical Question, "Who will rise up for me...?" and "who will stand up for me...?" This device is not intended to elicit a direct human answer, but rather to highlight the profound absence of human champions and to implicitly direct the reader's gaze towards the ultimate, divine answer—God Himself. It underscores the psalmist's despair and vulnerability while simultaneously building suspense for the resolution found later in the psalm, where God is revealed as the true defender. Furthermore, the verse masterfully utilizes Synonymous Parallelism, where the second half of the verse ("who will stand up for me against the workers of iniquity?") echoes and reinforces the meaning of the first half ("Who will rise up for me against the evildoers?"). The phrases "rise up" and "stand up" are closely related in meaning, as are "evildoers" and "workers of iniquity." This parallelism deepens the emotional impact, emphasizing the pervasive nature of the threat and the desperate longing for a strong, resolute defender, while also creating a sense of poetic balance and emphasis.
THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Psalm 94:16 encapsulates a fundamental theological tension: the reality of pervasive evil in the world contrasted with the biblical conviction that God is just and righteous. The psalmist's cry for a champion mirrors humanity's deep-seated yearning for justice and the vindication of the innocent. While the immediate context points to God as the ultimate answer to this cry, the question also subtly probes the responsibility of the righteous to stand against injustice, albeit always in reliance upon divine strength. This verse connects to the broader biblical narrative of God's unwavering commitment to justice, His identification with the oppressed, and His ultimate victory over all forms of evil, assuring believers that their cries for vindication do not go unheard. It reminds us that God is actively involved in the affairs of humanity, seeing and judging all.
REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Psalm 94:16 resonates deeply with the human experience of feeling overwhelmed by injustice, corruption, or moral decay, whether on a global scale or within personal spheres. It acknowledges the loneliness and vulnerability that can accompany standing for righteousness when evil seems to prosper and no human defender appears in sight. Yet, this lament is not an end in itself; it is a profound turning point that directs our gaze from the inadequacy of human champions to the absolute sufficiency of God. When we feel isolated in our fight against sin and injustice, this verse reminds us that our ultimate hope and defense lie not in human strength or political systems, but in the sovereign Lord who sees, hears, and judges. It calls us to lay our burdens before Him, trusting that He is the righteous Judge who will ultimately repay the wicked and uphold the cause of the righteous. While God is our ultimate champion, this verse also subtly inspires us to be those who, empowered by His Spirit and guided by His Word, "rise up" and "stand up" for justice in our own spheres of influence, always remembering that our strength is found in Him and that we are called to be His instruments of righteousness in a broken world.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
Is Psalm 94:16 a call for human action or a plea for divine intervention?
Answer: While the question "Who will rise up...?" could initially be interpreted as a search for a human champion, the broader context of Psalm 94 makes it clear that the psalmist's ultimate plea is for divine intervention. The psalm begins by calling upon God as the "God of vengeance" in Psalm 94:1 and concludes with the declaration that God Himself will bring the evildoers' iniquity back upon them, as stated in Psalm 94:23. Therefore, Psalm 94:16 functions as a rhetorical question that highlights the absence of sufficient human defenders, thereby directing the psalmist's and the reader's hope and expectation squarely toward God as the only true and capable champion against pervasive evil. It's a recognition that human efforts alone are insufficient to overcome the entrenched wickedness described, necessitating God's sovereign intervention.
CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Psalm 94:16, with its desperate cry for a champion against evildoers, finds its ultimate and glorious fulfillment in the person and work of Jesus Christ. The psalmist's lament for one to "rise up" and "stand up" against the workers of iniquity foreshadows the arrival of the one true hero who would not only confront evil but conquer it definitively. In a world where human champions fail and justice often seems elusive, Jesus is revealed as the righteous King and the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world. He is the one who truly "rose up" from the grave, triumphing over sin and death, the ultimate works of iniquity, as affirmed in Colossians 2:15. He is the righteous judge who will ultimately execute perfect justice, separating the sheep from the goats and casting out all evildoers, a vivid scene described in Matthew 25:31-46. For believers, Christ is not merely a future judge but our present advocate and defender, interceding for us at the right hand of God, as highlighted in Romans 8:34. The yearning for a champion expressed in Psalm 94:16 is fully satisfied in Christ, who has already secured the victory and will one day establish perfect justice in His eternal kingdom where there will be no more death or sorrow, as promised in Revelation 21:4.