TRV
Study This Verse
Public-domain commentary
Matthew Henry
From his Commentary on the Whole Bible. Henry comments on passages, not single verses — this entry covers Psalms 86:8–17. His three-level outline is real structure in the source text, so it is rendered as structure.
David is here going on in his prayer.
I.He gives glory to God; for we ought in our prayers to praise him, ascribing kingdom, power, and glory, to him, with the most humble and reverent adorations.
1.As a being of unparalleled perfection, such a one that there is none like him nor any to be compared with him, Psa 86:8. Among the gods, the false gods, whom the heathens worshipped, the angels, the kings of the earth, among them all, there is none like unto thee, O Lord! none so wise, so mighty, so good; neither are there any works like unto thy works, which is an undeniable proof that there is none like him; his own works praise him, and the best way we have of praising him is by acknowledging that there is none like him.
2.As the fountain of all being and the centre of all praise (Psa 86:9): "Thou hast made all nations, made them all of one blood; they all derive their being from thee, and have a constant dependence on thee, and therefore they shall come and worship before thee and glorify thy name." This was in part fulfilled in the multitude of proselytes to the Jewish religion in the days of David and Solomon, but was to have its full accomplishment in the days of the Messiah, when some out of every kingdom and nation should be effectually brought in to praise God, Rev 7:9. It was by Christ that God made all nations, for without him was not any thing made that was made, and therefore through Christ, and by the power of his gospel and grace, all nations shall be brought to worship before God, Isa 66:23.
3.As a being infinitely great (Psa 86:10): "Therefore all nations shall worship before thee, because as King of nations thou art great, thy sovereignty absolute and incontestable, thy majesty terrible and insupportable, thy power universal and irresistible, thy riches vast and inexhaustible, thy dominion boundless and unquestionable; and, for the proof of this, thou doest wondrous things, which all nations admire, and whence they might easily infer that thou art God alone, not only none like thee, but none besides thee." Let us always entertain great thoughts of this great God, and be filled with holy admiration of this God who doeth wonders; and let him alone have our hearts who is God alone.
4.As a being infinitely good. Man is bad, very wicked and vile (Psa 86:14); no mercy is to be expected from him; but thou, O Lord! art a God full of compassion, and gracious, Psa 86:15. This is that attribute by which he proclaims his name, and by which we are therefore to proclaim it, Exo 34:6, Exo 34:7. It is his goodness that is over all his works, and therefore should fill all our praises; and this is our comfort, in reference to the wickedness of the world we live in, that, however it be, God is good. Men are barbarous, but God is gracious; men are false, but God is faithful. God is not only compassionate, but full of compassion, and in him mercy rejoiceth against judgment. He is long-suffering towards us, though we forfeit his favour and provoke him to anger, and he is plenteous in mercy and truth, as faithful in performing as he was free in promising.
5.As a kind friend and bountiful benefactor to him. We ought to praise God as good in himself, but we do it most feelingly when we observe how good he has been to us. This therefore the psalmist dwells upon with most pleasure, Psa 86:12, Psa 86:13. He had said (Psa 86:9), All nations shall praise thee, O Lord! and glorify thy name. It is some satisfaction to a good man to think that others shall praise and glorify God, but it is his greatest care and pleasure to do it himself. "Whatever others do" (says David), "I will praise thee, O Lord my God! not only as the Lord, but as my God; and I will do it with all my heart; I will be ready to do it and cordial in it; I will do it with cheerfulness and liveliness, with a sincere regard to thy honour; for I will glorify thy name, not for a time, but for evermore. I will do it as long as I live, and hope to be doing it to eternity." With good reason does he resolve to be thus particular in praising God, because God had shown him particular favours: For great is thy mercy towards me. The fountain of mercy is inexhaustibly full; the streams of mercy are inestimably rich. When we speak of God's mercy to us, it becomes us thus to magnify it: Great is thy mercy towards me. Of the greatness of God's mercy he gives this instance, Thou hast delivered my soul from the lowest hell, from death, from so great a death, as St. Paul (Co2 1:10), from eternal death, so even some of the Jewish writers understand it. David knew he deserved to be cast off for ever into the lowest hell for his sin in the matter of Uriah; but Nathan assured him that the Lord had taken away his sin, and by that word he was delivered from the lowest hell, and herein God's mercy was great towards him. Even the best saints owe it, not to their own merit, but to the mercy of God, that they are saved from the lowest hell; and the consideration of that should greatly enlarge their hearts in praising the mercy of God, which they are obliged to glorify for evermore. So glorious; so gracious, a rescue from everlasting misery, justly requires the return of everlasting praise.
II.He prays earnestly for mercy and grace from God.
He complains of the restless and implacable malice of his enemies against him (Psa 86:14): "Lord, be thou for me; for there are many against me." He then takes notice of their character; they were proud men that looked with disdain upon poor David. (Many are made persecutors by their pride.) They were violent men, that would carry all before them by force, right or wrong. They were terrible formidable men (so some), that did what they could to frighten all about them. He notices their number: There were assemblies of them; they were men in authority and met in councils and courts, or men for conversation, and met in clubs; but, being assembled, they were the more capable of doing mischief. He notices their enmity to him: "They rise up against me in open rebellion; they not only plot, but they put their plots in execution as far as they can; and the design is not only to depose me, but to destroy me: they seek after my life, to slay me; after my soul, to damn me, if it lay in their power." And, lastly, He notices their distance and estrangement from God, which were at the bottom of their enmity to David: "They have not set thee before them; and what good can be expected from those that have no fear of God before their eyes? Lord, appear against them, for they are thy enemies as well as mine." His petitions are,
1.For the operations of God's grace in him, Psa 86:11. He prays that God would give him,
(1.)An understanding heart, that he would inform and instruct him concerning his duty: "Teach me thy way, O Lord! the way that thou hast appointed me to walk in; when I am in doubt concerning it, make it plain to me what I should do; let me hear the voice saying, This is the way," Isa 30:21. David was well taught in the things of God, and yet was sensible he needed further instruction, and many a time could not trust his own judgment: Teach me thy way; I will walk in thy truth. One would think it should be, Teach me thy truth, and I will walk in thy way; but it comes all to one; it is the way of truth that God teaches and that we must choose to walk in, Psa 119:30. Christ is the way and the truth, and we must both learn Christ and walk in him. We cannot walk in God's way and truth unless he teach us; and, if we expect he should teach us, we must resolve to be governed by his teachings, Isa 2:3.
(2.)An upright heart: "Unite my heart to fear thy name. Make me sincere in religion. A hypocrite has a double heart; let mine be single and entire for God, not divided between him and the world, not straggling from him." Our hearts are apt to wander and hang loose; their powers and faculties wander after a thousand foreign things; we have therefore need of God's grace to unite them, that we may serve God with all that is within us, and all little enough to be employed in his service. "Let my heart be fixed for God, and firm and faithful to him, and fervent in serving him; that is a united heart."
2.For the tokens of God's favour to him, Psa 86:16, Psa 86:17. Three things he here prays for: - (1.) That God would speak peace and comfort to him: "O turn unto me, as to one thou lovest and hast a kind and tender concern for. My enemies turn against me, my friends turn from me; Lord, do thou turn to me and have mercy upon me; it will be a comfort to me to know that thou pitiest me." (2.) That God would work deliverance for him, and set him in safety: "Give me thy strength; put strength into me, that I may help myself, and put forth thy strength for me, that I may be saved out of the hands of those that seek my ruin." He pleads relation: "I am thy servant; I am so by birth, as the son of thy handmaid, born in thy house, and therefore thou art my rightful owner and proprietor, from whom I may expect protection. I am thine; save me." The children of godly parents, who were betimes dedicated to the Lord, may plead it with him; if they come under the discipline of his family, they are entitled to the privileges of it. (3.) That God would put a reputation on him: "Show me a token for good; make it to appear to others as well as to myself that thou art doing me good, and designing further good for me. Let me have some unquestionable illustrious instances of thy favour to me, that those who hate me may see it, and be ashamed of their enmity to me, as they will have reason to be when they perceive that thou, Lord, hast helped me and comforted me, and that therefore they have been striving against God, opposing one whom he owns, and that they have been striving in vain to ruin and vex one whom God himself has undertaken to help and comfort." The joy of the saints shall be the shame of their persecutors.
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Summary
Psalms 86:12 presents a fervent and unwavering declaration by King David, expressing a profound, wholehearted commitment to praise and perpetually glorify the divine name of the Lord his God. This verse, situated within a psalm characterized by both earnest supplication and deep trust, serves as a powerful testament to the transformative nature of faith, where personal distress gives way to resolute and enduring worship, acknowledging God's supreme worthiness regardless of circumstances.
Context
Literary Context
Psalms 86, uniquely titled "A Prayer of David," stands as a remarkable synthesis of various psalm genres, weaving together elements of individual lament, confession, and robust expressions of trust and praise. The psalm opens with David's urgent pleas for divine attention and mercy, stemming from his affliction and need for deliverance from adversaries and the proud, as seen in passages like Psalms 86:1-7. Throughout these cries for help, David consistently reaffirms God's inherent character—His goodness, readiness to forgive, and unwavering steadfast love, exemplified in Psalms 86:5. Verse 12 marks a pivotal transition from petition to profound praise, functioning as a climactic expression of devotion that transcends the surrounding troubles. This demonstrates that authentic worship is not contingent on external circumstances but is rooted in God's intrinsic worthiness. This declaration of praise is further buttressed by David's preceding resolve to walk in God's truth and to fear His name, as articulated in Psalms 86:11.
Historical & Cultural Context
Penned by David, likely during a period of significant personal distress or national peril, Psalms 86 mirrors the tumultuous life of a king who frequently encountered opposition, betrayal, and profound personal trials, such as the rebellion led by Absalom detailed in 2 Samuel 15. In ancient Israel, the act of "praise" (Hebrew: yâdâh) was far more than a mere emotional outburst; it was a deliberate, often public, declaration of God's attributes and His mighty deeds, frequently accompanied by musical instruments and communal worship within the Temple or Tabernacle. The concept of "name" (Hebrew: shêm) in the ancient Near East held immense significance, embodying the very essence, character, and reputation of an individual or deity. To "glorify God's name" was to acknowledge, honor, and proclaim His revealed character, His covenant faithfulness, and His sovereign power in the world, often in stark contrast to the perceived impotence of pagan deities. David's solemn vow to glorify God "for evermore" underscores a commitment that extends beyond his immediate crisis, encompassing his entire life and legacy, thereby reflecting a deep understanding of God's eternal nature and His enduring sovereignty.
Key Themes
Psalms 86:12 encapsulates several foundational themes prevalent throughout the Psalter and the broader biblical narrative. Firstly, it powerfully highlights Wholehearted Devotion, emphasizing that genuine worship emanates from an undivided heart. This echoes the foundational command to love God with one's entire being, as profoundly articulated in the Shema found in Deuteronomy 6:5. Secondly, the verse unequivocally underscores the theme of God's Inherent Worthiness of Praise, asserting His supreme glory and absolute authority, a recurring motif in numerous psalms of praise, such as Psalms 145:3. Thirdly, it speaks to the Enduring Nature of God's Character and Humanity's Corresponding Eternal Response. David's commitment to glorify God's name "for evermore" reflects an eternal perspective on worship that transcends temporal circumstances, mirroring God's own everlasting faithfulness, as beautifully expressed in Psalms 100:5. Consequently, this verse serves as a potent summary of the worshiper's ultimate duty and profound delight in God.
Exposition and Analysis
Key Word Analysis
Derived from a primitive root meaning "to use (i.e. hold out) the hand," this word signifies more than mere verbal commendation. It encompasses an active, volitional expression of reverence, worship, and thanksgiving, often involving extended hands in adoration. In this context, David's "praise" is a deliberate, public, and personal declaration of God's excellencies, acknowledging His goodness, power, and faithfulness, particularly in response to His acts of deliverance and His inherent character.
In biblical anthropology, the "heart" is not merely the seat of emotions but the profound center of one's entire being, encompassing intellect, will, emotions, and conscience. To praise with "all my heart" signifies a complete, undivided, and sincere devotion, engaging every faculty of one's inner person. It implies authenticity and totality, standing in stark contrast to superficial or merely ritualistic forms of worship. It is the core from which true understanding and devotion spring.
This primitive root primarily means "to be heavy" or "to be weighty," and by extension, "to be honored" or "to be glorious." To "glorify" God's name means to acknowledge, honor, and proclaim His inherent weightiness, His supreme importance, His majesty, and His splendor. It involves magnifying His reputation and making His character known and revered, recognizing His ultimate authority and worth in the sight of all. It is an act of attributing ultimate value and significance to God.
Verse Breakdown
"I will praise thee, O Lord my God"
This opening clause is a deeply personal and declarative vow, signaling a deliberate and resolute act of worship. The phrase "I will praise" (אודך, odeka) denotes a strong, future-oriented commitment. The address "O Lord my God" (Adonai Elohim) is both profoundly intimate and reverent. "Adonai" (Lord, H136) emphasizes God's absolute sovereignty and David's humble submission as His servant, while "Elohim" (God, H430) speaks to His universal power and deity. The combination signifies David's recognition of God as both his personal, covenant Lord and the supreme, all-powerful Creator worthy of all adoration.
"with all my heart"
This crucial phrase profoundly intensifies the nature of the praise. It signifies that David's worship is neither perfunctory nor partial, but originates from the deepest core of his being. It encompasses his intellect, emotions, will, and spirit, indicating a total, unreserved, and authentic devotion. This aligns perfectly with the foundational command to love God with all one's heart, soul, and might, as articulated in Deuteronomy 6:5.
"and I will glorify thy name"
This is a parallel and complementary vow to "praise," reinforcing the depth of David's commitment. To "glorify thy name" means to honor, exalt, and make weighty God's revealed character, reputation, and attributes. In biblical thought, God's "name" (H8034) represents His entire being—His power, His holiness, His faithfulness, and all that He has revealed Himself to be. David pledges to magnify God's essence and proclaim His greatness to the world, ensuring His renown.
"for evermore"
This concluding phrase emphasizes the perpetual and enduring nature of David's commitment. "For evermore" (H5769, ʻôwlâm) signifies that his praise and glorification of God's name are not temporary or conditional upon circumstances, but are lifelong and eternal. This speaks to an unwavering dedication that transcends time and trials, reflecting the eternal nature of God Himself and the everlasting covenant He has with His people. It points to a devotion that will never cease.
Literary Devices
Psalms 86:12 masterfully employs several potent literary devices to convey its profound message of devotion. Parallelism is prominently featured, particularly in the structure "I will praise thee... and I will glorify thy name," where the second clause reinforces and expands upon the first, creating a sense of completeness and emphatic commitment to worship. The phrase "with all my heart" functions as a powerful instance of Intensification, underscoring the totality and sincerity of David's devotion, indicating a worship that emanates from his entire being rather than mere outward expression. The use of "thy name" is a classic example of Metonymy, where "name" stands for God's entire character, reputation, and revealed essence. By glorifying God's name, David is, in essence, glorifying all that God is—His attributes, power, and holiness. Finally, "for evermore" serves as Hyperbole and Exaggeration to emphasize the unending, perpetual nature of David's commitment, highlighting a devotion that transcends the temporal and aims for an eternal, unbroken connection with the divine.
Theological and Thematic Connections
Psalms 86:12 stands as a profound theological statement on the very nature of true worship, underscoring that genuine praise is an act of total surrender and adoration, springing from an undivided heart. It emphasizes God's inherent worthiness of such devotion, not based on what He does for us, but solely on who He is—the sovereign, faithful, and supremely good Lord. This verse calls believers to a worship that is not merely ritualistic or emotionally driven, but deeply intellectual and volitional, engaging every aspect of one's being in the exaltation of God's character. It profoundly connects the personal experience of God's mercy and deliverance (as vividly seen throughout Psalm 86) to a corresponding, lifelong commitment to magnify His name, reflecting a mature faith that finds its ultimate purpose and highest delight in glorifying the Creator.
Reflection and Application
Psalms 86:12 issues a profound challenge for us to critically examine the depth and sincerity of our own worship and devotion. In a world characterized by constant distractions, fragmented attention, and divided loyalties, David's solemn vow to praise God "with all my heart" serves as a powerful and urgent call to radical, undivided devotion. It serves as a potent reminder that true worship is not confined to a particular time, place, or ritual, but is rather a posture of the heart that permeates and transforms every single aspect of our lives. Glorifying God's name "for evermore" means that our commitment to Him should be unwavering, extending faithfully through seasons of profound joy and deep sorrow, abundant prosperity and challenging adversity. This verse invites us to live lives that consistently and authentically reflect His character, making His goodness, truth, and holiness evident to those around us, thereby truly magnifying His name in the world. Ultimately, it encourages us to move beyond superficial expressions of faith to cultivate a deep, abiding, and all-consuming relationship with God, where our entire being is joyfully offered in adoration and dedicated service to Him, recognizing His supreme worth above all else that competes for our allegiance.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
What is the significance of the phrase "O Lord my God" in Psalms 86:12?
The phrase "O Lord my God" is profoundly significant, as it combines two distinct and powerful Hebrew terms for God: Adonai (אֲדֹנָי, H136) and Elohim (אֱלֹהִים, H430). Adonai is an emphatic form emphasizing God's sovereignty, mastery, and absolute authority, often used in contexts of humble address by a servant to a master, signifying submission and reverence. Elohim, on the other hand, is the more general term for God, highlighting His power as Creator and supreme deity over all things. The combination, "Adonai Elohim," expresses a deep personal relationship ("my God") while simultaneously acknowledging God's universal power and absolute authority. It signifies David's recognition of God as both his personal, covenant Lord and the all-powerful, sovereign ruler of the universe, to whom he owes complete devotion and submission. This dual recognition of intimate relationship and ultimate authority forms the very foundation for his wholehearted praise and unwavering commitment to glorify God's name throughout his life.
Christ-Centered Fulfillment
Psalms 86:12, with its profound declaration of wholehearted praise and eternal glorification of God's name, finds its ultimate fulfillment and deepest meaning in the person and work of Jesus Christ. While David pledged his personal devotion, Christ perfectly embodied and demonstrated this complete surrender to the Father's will, even to the point of obedient death on the cross, as powerfully articulated in Philippians 2:8. Jesus, the only begotten Son of God, lived a life of perfect obedience and worship, consistently doing what pleased the Father and bringing Him ultimate glory, as He Himself declared in John 8:29. His life, sacrificial death, and glorious resurrection are the supreme revelation of God's name and character, demonstrating His boundless love, perfect justice, unfathomable mercy, and omnipotent power in a way that mere human praise could never fully achieve. Through Christ, believers are empowered by the Holy Spirit to offer the "sacrifice of praise" (Hebrews 13:15) with renewed and transformed hearts, not merely as an act of duty but as a joyful and spontaneous response to His redemptive work. Our ability to truly praise God "with all our heart" and "glorify His name for evermore" is made possible only through our union with Christ, who has reconciled us to the Father and granted us access to His glorious presence through the one Spirit (Ephesians 2:18). Thus, David's ancient vow becomes the Christian's present reality, lived out in the power of the Spirit, reflecting the resplendent glory of God revealed uniquely in Christ Jesus.