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Study this verse
Public-domain commentary
Matthew Henry
From his Commentary on the Whole Bible. Henry comments on passages, not single verses — this entry covers Psalms 119:18.
Observe here, 1. That there are wondrous things in God's law, which we are all concerned, and should covet, to behold, not only strange things, which are very surprising and unexpected, but excellent things, which are to be highly esteemed and valued, and things which were long hidden from the wise and prudent, but are now revealed unto babes. If there were wonders in the law, much more in the gospel, where Christ is all in all, whose name is Wonderful. Well may we, who are so nearly interested, desire to behold these wondrous things, when the angels themselves reach to look into them, Pe1 1:12. Those that would see the wondrous things of God's law and gospel must beg of him to open their eyes and to give them an understanding. We are by nature blind to the things of God, till his grace cause the scales to fall from our eyes; and even those in whose hearts God has said, Let there be light, have yet need to be further enlightened, and must still pray to God to open their eyes yet more and more, that those who at first saw men as trees walking may come to see all things clearly; and the more God opens our eyes the more wonders we see in the word of God, which we saw not before.
Historical interpretation
Two Centuries of Reception
9 surviving comments on this verse. Each one is dated, so this reads as a timeline rather than a list.
Select a marker to jump to its quote. Markers stagger vertically where authors wrote within a few decades of each other.
Therefore, let us fall, if it is necessary, into your detractions so long as the church, which has already turned to Christ the Lord, may know the truth of the Word that is completely covered under the veil of the letter. For thus the apostle said, "if anyone turns to the Lord, the veil will be removed; for where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is freedom." Thus, the Lord, the Holy Spirit, must be entreated by us to remove every cloud and all darkness that obscures the vision of our hearts hardened with the stains of sins in order that we may be able to behold the spiritual and wonderful knowledge of his law, according to him who said, "Take the veil from my eyes, and I shall observe the wonders of your law."
We should ask the Father of the Word during each individual reading "when Moses is read," that he might fulfill even in us that which is written in the Psalms: "Open my eyes, and I will consider the wondrous things of your law." For unless he himself opens our eyes, how shall we be able to see these great mysteries that are fashioned in the patriarchs, that are pictured now in terms of wells, now in marriages, now in births, now even in barrenness?
And what wonder is it the Spirit works life, who enlivens as does the Father and as does the Son? And who can deny that giving new life is the work of the eternal Majesty? For it is written, “Give life to your servant.” He, then, is enlivened who is a servant, that is, a person, who before he did not have life but received the privilege of having it.Let us then see whether the Spirit is enlivened, or himself giving life. Now it is written, “The letter kills, but the Spirit gives life.” So, then, the Spirit enlivens.
But that you may understand that the enlivening of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit is no separate work, read how there is a oneness of quickening also, since God gives life through the Spirit, for Paul said, “He who raised up Christ from the dead shall also give life to your mortal bodies because of his Spirit who dwells in you.”
God does not wish us merely to listen to the words and phrases contained in the Scriptures but to do so with a great deal of prudent reflection. Therefore, blessed David frequently prefixed to his psalms the expression “a meditation” and also said, “Open my eyes, and I will consider the wondrous things of your law.” And after him, his son also pointed out by way of instruction that one must seek for wisdom even as for silver, or, rather, to trade in it more than in gold.
Hear me, therefore, my fellow servant, my friend, my brother; give ear for a moment that I may tell you how you are to walk in the holy Scriptures. All that we read in the divine books, while glistening and shining without, is yet far sweeter within. “He who desires to eat the kernel must first break the nut.” “Open my eyes,” says David, “that I may behold wondrous things out of your law.” Now, if so great a prophet confesses that he is in the darkness of ignorance, how deep, do you think, must be the night of misapprehension with which we, mere babes and unweaned infants, are enveloped! Now this veil rests not only on the face of Moses but on the Evangelists and the apostles as well. To the multitudes the Savior spoke only in parables and, to make it clear that his words had a mystical meaning, said, “He who has ears to hear, let him hear.” Unless all things that are written are opened by him “who has the key of David, who opens and no one shuts, and shuts and no one opens,” no one can undo the lock or set them before you.
Now it was in the law and in the prophets that he was foreordained and prefigured. For this reason too the prophets were called seers, because they saw him whom others did not see. Abraham saw his day and was glad. The heavens that were sealed to a rebellious people were opened to Ezekiel. “Open my eyes,” David says, “that I may behold wonderful things out of your law.” For “the law is spiritual,” and a revelation is needed to enable us to comprehend it and, when God uncovers his face, to behold his glory.
This is true wisdom in a person: to know that he is imperfect; and, if I may say so, the perfection of all the just, living in the flesh, is imperfect. Whence, also, we read in Proverbs: “To understand true justice.” For unless there were also false justice, the justice of God would never be referred to as true justice. And the apostle continues in the same passage: “And if in any point you think otherwise, this also God will reveal to you.” It is a strange thing that I hear. He who but a moment ago had said “Not that I have already obtained it or have already been made perfect”; he, who was the chosen vessel, who dared to say with the confidence of Christ dwelling within him, “Do you seek a proof of Christ who speaks in me?” and yet frankly confessed that he had not been made perfect, now ascribes to the multitude something that he specifically denied to himself, and he associates himself with the others and says, “Let us then, as many as are perfect, be of this mind.” But he explains in the following verses what he meant by this statement. Let us, he says, who wish to be perfect, according to the measure of human frailty, be of this mind, that we have not yet obtained it; that we have not yet laid hold of it; that we have not yet been made perfect. And because we have not yet been made perfect, and, perhaps, think otherwise than is demanded by true and perfect perfection, if we think of and understand anything that is different from what is consistent with the knowledge of God, this, also, God will reveal to us, so that we may pray with David and say, “Open my eyes, and I will consider the wondrous things of your law.”
Terrified by my sins and the dead weight of my misery, I had turned my problems over in my mind and was half determined to seek refuge in the desert. But you forbade me to do this and gave me strength by saying, "Christ died for us all, so that being alive should no longer mean living with our own life but with his life who died for us." Lord, I cast all my troubles on you and from now on "I shall contemplate the wonders of your law." You know how weak I am and how inadequate is my knowledge: teach me and heal my frailty. Your only Son, "in whom the whole treasury of wisdom and knowledge is stored up," has redeemed me with his blood. "Save me from the scorn of my enemies," for the price of my redemption is always in my thoughts. I eat it and drink it and minister it to others; and as one of the poor I long to be filled with it, to be one of those who "eat and have their fill." And "those who look for the Lord will cry out in praise of him."
"Open Thou my eyes, and I will consider wondrous things of Your law" [Psalm 119:18]. What he adds, "I am a lodger upon earth" [Psalm 119:19]: or, as some copies read, "I am a sojourner upon earth, O hide not Your commandments from me," has the same meaning....
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Summary
Psalms 119:18 encapsulates a profound and humble prayer, revealing the psalmist's recognition that true spiritual insight into God's divine instruction transcends mere intellectual understanding. Despite deep immersion in the "law" (Torah), the psalmist acknowledges an inherent human limitation in fully grasping its divine depths without supernatural assistance. It is a fervent plea for God to grant spiritual illumination, enabling the perception and apprehension of the extraordinary, awe-inspiring truths and hidden wisdom contained within His revelation, underscoring that genuine comprehension of God's Word is a spiritual revelation, entirely dependent on divine grace.
Context
Literary Context
Psalms 119:18 marks the beginning of the Gimel stanza (verses 17-24) within Psalm 119, the longest psalm in the biblical canon. This psalm is an intricately structured acrostic poem, with each of its 22 stanzas (corresponding to the letters of the Hebrew alphabet) comprising eight verses, all commencing with the same Hebrew letter. The entire psalm serves as a sustained, passionate meditation on the multifaceted nature of God's "law" (Torah), encompassing His statutes, precepts, commandments, testimonies, and decrees. Following the Beth stanza (verses 9-16), which emphasizes the purity and preservation of one's life through adherence to God's Word, verse 18 pivots to a direct petition for divine enablement. This shift acknowledges that even sincere devotion and diligent study require God's active intervention to unlock the deeper spiritual realities embedded within His revelation, setting a tone of dependency and anticipation for the profound insights that follow.
Historical & Cultural Context
In ancient Israel, the "law" (Torah) was far more than a mere legal code; it was the foundational revelation of God's character, His covenant relationship with His people, and the blueprint for a blessed life. It encompassed divine instruction, teaching, and guidance for every facet of existence—moral, social, ritual, and spiritual. The study, memorization, and recitation of the Torah were central to Jewish life, meticulously passed down through generations. Scribes and teachers dedicated their lives to its preservation and interpretation. The psalmist's prayer reflects a deep cultural reverence for the written Word of God as the ultimate source of truth and wisdom. Yet, it also subtly acknowledges that even within a culture steeped in the Torah, its spiritual essence could remain veiled without divine illumination, highlighting the universal need for a personal, Spirit-empowered engagement with the sacred text.
Key Themes
This verse powerfully articulates several core themes prevalent throughout Psalm 119 and the broader biblical narrative. Firstly, it underscores the theme of Divine Revelation and Spiritual Illumination. The psalmist's plea, "Open thou mine eyes," is a recognition that human understanding is inherently limited and that true spiritual insight into God's truth is a gift from God, not solely an achievement of human intellect. This resonates deeply with the New Testament understanding that the Spirit of God reveals the deep things of God. Secondly, the verse highlights The Richness and Wonders of God's Word. The "wondrous things" (Hebrew: nifla'ot) imply that God's law is not merely a collection of rules but a treasure trove of profound, awe-inspiring truths about God's character, His purposes, and the path to genuine life. It suggests that the Word contains hidden glories waiting to be unveiled. Finally, it emphasizes Human Humility and Dependency on God. The prayer itself is an act of profound humility, acknowledging the psalmist's spiritual blindness and utter reliance on God to remove the veil that hinders deep spiritual apprehension, echoing Paul's prayer for the eyes of understanding to be enlightened for believers.
Exposition and Analysis
Key Word Analysis
The verb גָּלָה (gâlâh) fundamentally means "to uncover," "to reveal," or "to roll away." In this context, it implies that the "wondrous things" are not absent from God's law but are present yet hidden or veiled from natural human perception. The psalmist is petitioning God to actively remove this covering, to make visible what is currently obscured, suggesting that an active divine intervention is required to access the deeper spiritual realities embedded within the text.
The term נִפְלָאוֹת (nifla'ot) is derived from the root פָּלָא (pâlâʼ), meaning "to be wonderful," "to be extraordinary," or "to be incomprehensible." It is frequently used in the Old Testament to describe God's miraculous deeds, His awe-inspiring acts of power, or His incomprehensible nature (e.g., Exodus 3:20). Here, it is applied to the truths within God's law, indicating that these truths are not mundane or superficial but are profound, extraordinary, and capable of evoking the same awe and wonder as God's mighty acts.
The Hebrew word תּוֹרָה (tôwrâh) is often translated as "law," but its meaning is far broader, encompassing "instruction," "teaching," "direction," or "revelation." It refers to God's complete divine instruction for His people, not merely a set of legal statutes. It is the comprehensive body of divine truth that guides life, reveals God's character, and points to His purposes. The psalmist desires to behold the "wondrous things" out of this divine instruction, implying that the Torah itself is the inexhaustible source of these profound revelations.
Verse Breakdown
"Open thou mine eyes"
This is a direct, personal, and humble petition to God. The "eyes" here are not physical but spiritual, representing the faculty of understanding, perception, and spiritual discernment. The psalmist acknowledges a spiritual blindness or a veil that prevents full comprehension of God's truth, recognizing that only God can remove this impediment and grant true insight. It is a profound admission of human inadequacy in the face of divine revelation, emphasizing the need for divine grace.
"that I may behold wondrous things"
This purpose clause clearly articulates the desired outcome of the opened eyes. "Behold" (נָבָט, nâbaṭ) signifies more than just a cursory glance; it implies a deep, perceptive understanding, an apprehension of truth that leads to awe and wonder. The "wondrous things" are the extraordinary, awe-inspiring, and miraculous truths, insights into God's character, His plans, and the profound wisdom embedded within His revelation. These are not superficial observations but deep spiritual realities that transform the beholder.
"out of thy law"
This phrase specifies the inexhaustible source of these "wondrous things." They are not external to God's instruction but are contained within it. The psalmist firmly believes that God's Torah is pregnant with glorious, hidden depths that can only be fully accessed through divine illumination. It emphasizes that the Word itself is the vessel of these wonders, waiting to be unveiled by God for the receptive and dependent heart.
Literary Devices
Psalms 119:18 employs several potent literary devices to convey its profound message. The most prominent is Metaphor, where the physical act of "opening eyes" serves as a powerful metaphor for granting spiritual insight and understanding. This implies that spiritual truth, though universally present in Scripture, is veiled from natural human perception, requiring divine intervention to become truly discernible. The phrase "wondrous things" functions as Hyperbole or Emphasis, underscoring the extraordinary, awe-inspiring, and inexhaustible nature of the truths contained within God's law. It elevates the divine instruction from a mere collection of rules to a source of profound, miraculous revelation. Furthermore, the direct address "Open thou mine eyes" is an example of Apostrophe, where the psalmist directly addresses God, creating an intimate and personal tone of prayer, dependency, and earnest supplication.
Theological and Thematic Connections
Psalms 119:18 is a cornerstone verse for understanding the dynamic interplay between divine revelation and human reception. It posits that while God has graciously revealed His truth in His written Word, true spiritual apprehension of that truth is not automatic but requires an act of divine grace. This highlights the ongoing, indispensable ministry of the Holy Spirit, who illuminates the Scriptures, making them spiritually alive and comprehensible to the believer. Without this divine illumination, the "wondrous things" remain hidden, reducing the Word to a mere collection of historical facts or moral codes rather than a living, transforming encounter with God Himself. This verse therefore calls believers to approach Scripture with profound humility, fervent prayer, and an expectant heart, trusting that God delights to unveil His glories to those who seek Him in His Word.
Reflection and Application
Psalms 119:18 serves as an enduring model for how believers should approach the sacred Scriptures. It challenges the common notion that Bible study is merely an intellectual exercise or a religious duty to be performed. Instead, it elevates it to a profound spiritual encounter, a dynamic interaction with the living God. This verse calls us to cultivate a posture of humility, acknowledging our inherent spiritual blindness and our desperate need for God's supernatural intervention to truly grasp His truth. It encourages us to pray fervently for divine illumination every time we open our Bibles, asking the Holy Spirit to remove the veils of our own biases, assumptions, or spiritual dullness, so that we might behold the "wondrous things"—the glorious insights into God's character, His purposes, and His will for our lives. When we approach the Word with such a prayerful and expectant heart, we position ourselves to receive transformative revelation, allowing God's truth to penetrate beyond the mind and into the very core of our being, leading to deeper worship, obedience, and Christlikeness.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
Is "wondrous things" referring to miracles or spiritual truths?
While the Hebrew word nifla'ot (wondrous things) often describes God's miraculous acts in the Old Testament, in the context of Psalms 119:18, it primarily refers to the profound, awe-inspiring spiritual truths, insights into God's character, His purposes, and the deeper wisdom embedded within His law. The psalmist is not asking to see physical miracles performed by the law, but to perceive the miraculous depth and glory of the divine revelation itself. These are truths that evoke the same sense of awe and wonder as God's mighty deeds, highlighting the extraordinary nature of His written Word. Just as God's acts are wondrous, so too are the truths He has revealed in His Torah, which is perfect, reviving the soul.
How does this prayer relate to diligent Bible study? Does it negate the need for human effort?
Psalms 119:18 does not negate the need for diligent Bible study; rather, it complements and elevates it. The psalmist's deep immersion in the law throughout Psalm 119 demonstrates a profound commitment to studying and memorizing God's Word. However, this verse acknowledges that human intellectual effort alone is insufficient to grasp the spiritual depths of divine truth. Diligent study is our human responsibility—to read, meditate, memorize, and analyze. Divine illumination is God's gracious provision—the Holy Spirit's work to open our spiritual eyes, enabling us to truly "behold" and understand the "wondrous things" that our natural minds cannot perceive. It's a partnership: we apply ourselves to the Word, and God applies His Spirit to our hearts, revealing its spiritual power. As Paul says, the natural person does not accept the things of the Spirit of God, for they are folly to him, emphasizing the essential need for divine enablement to truly discern spiritual truth.
Christ-Centered Fulfillment
Psalms 119:18 finds its ultimate and most glorious fulfillment in the person and work of Jesus Christ. The "law" (Torah) that the psalmist longed to understand is not merely a collection of ancient rules but a divine revelation that ultimately points to and is perfectly fulfilled in Christ. He is the very embodiment of God's "wondrous things," the Word made flesh, the ultimate and complete revelation of God's character and redemptive purposes. The "wondrous things" the psalmist sought to behold are fully unveiled in the person and work of Jesus, who is the fullness of grace and truth. Just as the psalmist prayed for his eyes to be opened to the wonders of the law, Jesus Himself, after His resurrection, opened the minds of His disciples to understand the Scriptures, showing them how everything written about Him in the Law of Moses, the Prophets, and the Psalms must be fulfilled. It is through Christ, and by the power of the Holy Spirit whom He sent (John 14:26), that believers today can truly behold the "wondrous things" within the entire biblical narrative, seeing how it all testifies to Him (John 5:39). The veil that once obscured the true meaning of the Old Testament is now lifted in Christ, allowing us to see the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ.