Proverbs 23:13

KJV

Withhold not correction from the child: for [if] thou beatest him with the rod, he shall not die.

KJV (with Strong's)

Withhold {H4513} not correction {H4148} from the child {H5288}: for if thou beatest {H5221} him with the rod {H7626}, he shall not die {H4191}.

Complete Jewish Bible

Don't withhold discipline from a child -if you beat him with a stick, he won't die!

Berean Standard Bible

Do not withhold discipline from a child; although you strike him with a rod, he will not die.

American Standard Version

Withhold not correction from the child; Forif thou beat him with the rod, he will not die.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Proverbs 23:13 offers a potent directive on the necessity of parental discipline, asserting that withholding correction from a child is detrimental, whereas administering it, even through physical means symbolized by the "rod," will not lead to their demise but rather to their flourishing. This verse underscores the ancient wisdom tradition's conviction that timely and appropriate discipline is an act of love, essential for guiding a child away from destructive foolishness and towards a life of wisdom, character, and spiritual vitality.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Proverbs 23:13 is situated within a larger section of the Book of Proverbs often referred to as the "Sayings of the Wise" (Proverbs 22:17-24:34). This collection offers practical wisdom for daily living, addressing various aspects of human conduct, relationships, and the pursuit of righteousness. Specifically, this verse falls within a series of proverbs that emphasize the importance of parental guidance and discipline in shaping a child's character. It echoes and reinforces the sentiments found in other proverbs concerning child-rearing, such as [Proverbs 22:15](/proverbs/22-15 "Proverbs 22:15 - The Rod of Correction and Foolishness"), which states, "Foolishness is bound in the heart of a child; but the rod of correction shall drive it far from him," and [Proverbs 29:15](/proverbs/29-15 "Proverbs 29:15 - The Rod and Reproof Give Wisdom"), which notes, "The rod and reproof give wisdom: but a child left to himself bringeth his mother to shame." The immediate context of Proverbs 23 continues to provide warnings against various forms of foolishness, including gluttony, covetousness, and associating with the wicked, highlighting the broader need for self-control and discernment, which discipline aims to cultivate.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** In ancient Israel, as in much of the ancient Near East, the family unit was the foundational social structure, and the upbringing of children was considered a primary responsibility of parents, particularly the father. Discipline was viewed not as punishment for punishment's sake, but as a crucial component of education and moral formation. The "rod" (Hebrew: *shêbeṭ*) was a common instrument used by shepherds for guiding and protecting their flock, and by rulers as a symbol of authority. In the context of child-rearing, it symbolized firm, corrective guidance and authority, intended to steer a child away from dangerous paths and towards proper conduct. This understanding was rooted in a worldview where the consequences of actions were directly linked to one's well-being and standing in the community. The goal was to instill wisdom and obedience to God's commands, ensuring the child's successful integration into the covenant community and a prosperous life. The concept of "death" in this context often extended beyond physical cessation to include a life ruined by folly, moral decay, or spiritual separation from God, emphasizing the grave stakes of neglecting proper training.
* **Key Themes:** Proverbs 23:13 contributes significantly to several overarching themes within the Book of Proverbs. Firstly, it highlights the **Parental Responsibility** to actively engage in the moral and spiritual formation of their children, emphasizing that neglecting discipline is a failure of love, as seen in [Proverbs 13:24](/proverbs/13-24 "Proverbs 13:24 - Sparing the Rod Hates the Son"). Secondly, it underscores the **Nature of Wisdom vs. Foolishness**, portraying discipline as the primary means by which foolishness (which is "bound in the heart of a child") is expelled, and wisdom is instilled. Thirdly, the verse speaks to the **Purpose of Discipline**, which is not merely punitive but formative—aimed at instruction, correction, and the prevention of long-term destructive outcomes. The "rod" is a tool for guidance, leading to life, not literal death. Finally, it touches on the **Long-Term Consequences of Actions**, illustrating that while discipline may cause temporary discomfort, its absence leads to far more severe, life-altering "death" in the form of a ruined character or a life estranged from God's wisdom.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **Correction (Hebrew, _mûwçâr'_):** From H4148, this term is far richer than mere punishment. It encompasses "chastisement," "reproof," "warning," "instruction," "restraint," "discipline," and "doctrine." In Proverbs 23:13, *mûwçâr* refers to the comprehensive process of moral training and guidance that shapes a child's character and conduct, steering them towards wisdom and away from folly. It implies a loving, purposeful intervention aimed at the child's long-term good.
* **Rod (Hebrew, _shêbeṭ'_):** From H7626, this word literally means a "stick," but its usage extends metaphorically to represent "authority," "discipline," "guidance," and even a "scepter." In the context of child-rearing, the *shêbeṭ* symbolizes the means by which a parent exerts their authority to provide firm direction and corrective action. While it can imply physical correction, its primary emphasis is on the decisive and authoritative nature of the discipline, akin to a shepherd's staff guiding and protecting the flock.
* **Die (Hebrew, _mûwth'_):** From H4191, this primitive root means "to die" literally or figuratively, and causatively, "to kill." In Proverbs 23:13, the phrase "he shall not die" is largely understood in a figurative sense. It does not mean physical punishment is literally incapable of causing death, but rather that the temporary discomfort or pain of discipline prevents a far greater "death"—the ruin of a child's character, the destruction of their future through foolish choices, or a life alienated from God's wisdom and blessing. It is a stark contrast between the momentary pain of correction and the lasting devastation of an undisciplined life.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"Withhold not correction from the child":** This opening clause functions as a direct, imperative command to parents. "Withhold not" (from H4513, *mânaʻ*, meaning "to debar," "deny," "restrain") emphasizes the active responsibility of parents to administer discipline. To neglect this duty is to actively deprive the child of something essential for their well-being and development. The "child" (from H5288, *naʻar*) refers to a young person, from infancy to adolescence, highlighting the continuous need for guidance throughout their formative years.
* **"for if thou beatest him with the rod":** This clause provides the justification for the command. The "rod" (H7626, *shêbeṭ*) symbolizes the instrument of firm, authoritative discipline. "Beatest" (from H5221, *nâkâh*, meaning "to strike," "smite," "slay") indicates the application of this discipline, which can include physical correction, but always within the context of purposeful training, not abuse. This phrase underscores the active, sometimes forceful, nature of the intervention required to counter a child's inherent foolishness.
* **"he shall not die":** This concluding assertion offers a powerful reassurance and clarifies the ultimate benefit of discipline. As discussed in the Key Word Analysis, "die" (H4191, *mûwth*) here is primarily figurative. The verse is not promoting lethal force but rather stating that far from harming the child, appropriate discipline saves them from a "death" of character, moral decay, or a life of ruin. It implies that the temporary pain of correction is a small price to pay for the preservation of the child's true life and future.

#### Literary Devices
Proverbs 23:13 employs several potent literary devices to convey its message. The primary device is **Metaphor**, particularly in the use of the rod and "die." The rod is a metaphor for firm, authoritative discipline and guidance, extending beyond a literal stick to encompass all forms of corrective training. Similarly, "die" is a powerful **Metaphor** for the spiritual, moral, or social ruin that awaits an undisciplined child, contrasting sharply with the physical act of dying. The statement "he shall not die" also contains an element of **Hyperbole**, an exaggeration used for emphasis. It is not a literal guarantee against physical harm, but a strong declaration that the greater danger is the "death" of character that results from a lack of discipline. The verse also utilizes **Didacticism**, directly instructing the reader on proper conduct, and an **Imperative Mood** ("Withhold not") to convey the urgency and non-negotiable nature of the parental duty.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
The wisdom of Proverbs 23:13 resonates deeply with broader biblical theology concerning divine discipline and the nature of God's love. Just as earthly parents are called to correct their children for their good, the Scriptures consistently portray God as a loving Father who disciplines His children. This divine discipline, though sometimes painful, is always for our ultimate benefit, aimed at sanctification and spiritual maturity, preventing us from straying into paths of destruction. It is an expression of His covenant faithfulness and His desire for us to share in His holiness. The temporary discomfort of correction pales in comparison to the eternal ruin that results from a life unchecked by God's truth and guidance. This verse thus serves as a human analogue to a divine principle: true love does not shy away from necessary correction, for it seeks the flourishing and life of the beloved.

* [Proverbs 13:24](/proverbs/13-24 "He Who Spares the Rod Hates His Son")
* [Hebrews 12:5-11](/hebrews/12-5 "The Discipline of the Lord")
* [Deuteronomy 6:6-7](/deuteronomy/6-6 "Teach Your Children Diligently")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Proverbs 23:13 challenges contemporary parents to re-evaluate the role of discipline in their children's lives. While modern cultural contexts and understandings of child psychology have evolved, the core principle remains: children thrive when provided with clear boundaries, consistent guidance, and appropriate consequences for their actions. This verse calls parents to be actively engaged in their children's moral and spiritual formation, understanding that true love extends beyond mere affection to include the difficult but necessary work of correction. Discipline, when administered with wisdom, patience, and a clear purpose—to teach, guide, and train in righteousness—is an act of profound love. It is not about breaking a child's spirit, but about bending their will towards what is good, true, and life-giving, ultimately preparing them for responsible adulthood and a flourishing relationship with God. Parents are encouraged to seek discernment in how they apply this wisdom, ensuring that all discipline is restorative and redemptive, aimed at the child's ultimate well-being, rather than punitive or abusive.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How do I define "correction" in my parenting or mentorship, and does it align with the biblical understanding of *mûwçâr* (instruction, discipline, training)?**
* **In what ways might I be "withholding correction" from those under my care, either through neglect, fear, or a misguided understanding of love?**
* **What are the "deaths" (figurative ruin, destructive patterns) that I observe in lives where discipline, guidance, or boundaries have been absent?**
* **How can I administer discipline in a way that is both firm and loving, aiming for character formation rather than mere behavioral compliance?**

### FAQ

**Does Proverbs 23:13 advocate for child abuse?**

Answer: No, Proverbs 23:13 does not advocate for child abuse. The interpretation of "beatest him with the rod" must be understood within the broader biblical wisdom tradition and the meaning of the Hebrew terms. The "rod" (*shêbeṭ*) symbolizes authority and firm guidance, similar to a shepherd's staff, which is used for direction and protection, not harm. The purpose of discipline (*mûwçâr*) is instruction, training, and correction, aimed at the child's long-term good and flourishing, preventing them from a "death" of character or a ruined life. Abuse, by definition, is harmful and destructive, directly contradicting the life-giving intent of biblical discipline. Other proverbs, like [Proverbs 19:18](/proverbs/19-18 "Proverbs 19:18 - Discipline Your Son While There Is Hope"), emphasize discipline "while there is hope," implying a timely and corrective, not destructive, action. The Bible consistently condemns violence and abuse, and true biblical discipline is always administered in love, with wisdom, and for the child's benefit.

**What does "he shall not die" truly mean in this context?**

Answer: The phrase "he shall not die" (H4191, *mûwth*) is best understood figuratively, not literally. It does not mean that physical punishment cannot cause literal death, but rather that the temporary discomfort or pain of appropriate, loving discipline prevents a far greater "death"—the spiritual, moral, or social ruin of a child. An undisciplined child is prone to foolishness, rebellion, and destructive choices that can lead to a life of misery, shame, and alienation from God and community. The proverb asserts that the "rod" of correction, when applied wisely, saves the child from this figurative "death," guiding them towards a life of wisdom, righteousness, and flourishing. It underscores the severity of allowing a child to go unchecked, suggesting that the consequences of neglect are far more dire than the discomfort of correction.

**Is this verse still relevant for modern parenting approaches?**

Answer: Yes, the core principle of Proverbs 23:13 remains highly relevant for modern parenting, even as methods and cultural contexts evolve. While contemporary approaches emphasize positive reinforcement, communication, and understanding child development, the fundamental need for boundaries, consistent guidance, and appropriate consequences for actions is timeless. The verse's emphasis on "correction" (*mûwçâr*) as comprehensive instruction and training is particularly pertinent. It reminds parents that true love involves actively shaping a child's character, teaching them self-control, respect, and discernment. While the specific application of the "rod" may be debated in modern contexts, the underlying message—that neglecting discipline leads to detrimental outcomes for a child's character and future—is a universal truth that transcends generations and cultures. It encourages parents to be intentional and courageous in their role as guides and trainers, prioritizing their child's long-term well-being over short-term comfort.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Proverbs 23:13, with its emphasis on the life-giving nature of discipline, finds its ultimate fulfillment and deepest meaning in Jesus Christ. While the Old Testament "rod" symbolizes the necessary, sometimes painful, correction that guides us away from foolishness and towards life, Christ is the ultimate embodiment of divine wisdom and the one who perfectly fulfills the purpose of all discipline. He is the **Word made flesh** ([John 1:14](/john/1-14 "The Word Became Flesh")), the ultimate instruction and correction from God, showing us the path to true life. Furthermore, the "rod" of God's judgment and the "death" that sin brings were fully borne by Christ on the cross. He "was pierced for our transgressions, he was crushed for our iniquities; the punishment that brought us peace was on him, and by his wounds we are healed" ([Isaiah 53:5](/isaiah/53-5 "By His Stripes We Are Healed")). Through His sacrifice, we are spared the spiritual "death" that our own foolishness and sin would incur. Instead of the law acting as a harsh disciplinarian leading to condemnation ([Galatians 3:24](/galatians/3-24 "The Law as a Guardian")), Christ offers grace and truth, transforming our hearts from within, enabling us to walk in wisdom and obedience not out of fear, but out of love. The divine discipline we experience as believers, as described in [Hebrews 12:5-11](/hebrews/12-5 "God's Discipline"), is now administered by a loving Father through the Holy Spirit, conforming us to the image of His Son, leading us to share in His holiness and experience abundant life in Him, rather than the "death" of spiritual separation.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Proverbs 13:24

¶ He that spareth his rod hateth his son: but he that loveth him chasteneth him betimes.

Proverbs 29:17

¶ Correct thy son, and he shall give thee rest; yea, he shall give delight unto thy soul.

Proverbs 29:15

¶ The rod and reproof give wisdom: but a child left [to himself] bringeth his mother to shame.

Proverbs 19:18

¶ Chasten thy son while there is hope, and let not thy soul spare for his crying.