Philemon 1:24

KJV

Marcus, Aristarchus, Demas, Lucas, my fellowlabourers.

KJV (with Strong's)

Marcus {G3138}, Aristarchus {G708}, Demas {G1214}, Lucas {G3065}, my {G3450} fellowlabourers {G4904}.

Complete Jewish Bible

as do Mark, Aristarchus, Demas and Luke, my fellow-workers.

Berean Standard Bible

as do Mark, Aristarchus, Demas, and Luke, my fellow workers.

American Standard Version

and so do Mark, Aristarchus, Demas, Luke, my fellow-workers.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Philemon 1:24 concludes Paul's personal greetings in his letter to Philemon, naming Marcus, Aristarchus, Demas, and Lucas as his "fellowlabourers." This verse offers a poignant glimpse into Paul's intimate circle of ministry partners during his imprisonment, underscoring the vital role of community, collaboration, and shared purpose in the early Christian mission, even as it subtly foreshadows the varied paths of faithfulness among these companions.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Philemon 1:24 is part of the concluding salutations of Paul's deeply personal and concise letter to Philemon. Preceded by greetings from Timothy (Philemon 1:1) and a prayer of thanksgiving and intercession for Philemon (Philemon 1:4-7), the core of the letter is Paul's earnest appeal for Philemon to graciously receive back his runaway slave, Onesimus, who has become a brother in Christ (Philemon 1:8-21). The inclusion of specific names in verses 23-24, following Paul's direct request, serves to add weight and communal endorsement to his plea, reminding Philemon that this appeal comes not just from Paul, but from a recognized network of esteemed Christian leaders who are also present with him. These greetings reinforce the communal nature of the early church and the shared spiritual bonds that transcend social hierarchies.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** Written during Paul's imprisonment, likely in Rome around AD 60-62, this letter reflects the realities of Roman imperial rule and the institution of slavery, which was deeply embedded in the social fabric of the time. Paul's imprisonment meant he relied heavily on companions for practical support, communication, and continued ministry. The individuals listed in this verse were not merely casual acquaintances but trusted colleagues who shared Paul's burdens, dangers, and the mission of spreading the Gospel. Their presence with Paul during his confinement speaks to their loyalty and commitment, highlighting the profound bonds of Christian fellowship forged amidst challenging circumstances. The mention of these specific individuals would have resonated with Philemon, who likely knew them, adding a layer of personal connection and authority to Paul's letter.
* **Key Themes:** This verse significantly contributes to several key themes within the letter and Paul's broader theology. Firstly, it powerfully illustrates the theme of **Partnership in Ministry**. The term "fellowlabourers" emphasizes that Christian ministry is a collaborative endeavor, not a solitary one. Paul consistently worked alongside others, valuing their contributions and recognizing their shared calling, as seen in his frequent acknowledgments of co-workers throughout his epistles (e.g., [1 Corinthians 3:9](/1_corinthians/3-9 "1 Corinthians 3:9 - Fellow Workers with God")). Secondly, it highlights the theme of **Christian Community and Support**. The list of names underscores the strong, supportive bonds within the early church, where believers shared life, ministry, and even imprisonment, providing mutual encouragement and practical assistance. Finally, the inclusion of Demas, who later departed from Paul (as noted in [2 Timothy 4:10](/2_timothy/4-10 "2 Timothy 4:10 - Demas's Desertion")), subtly introduces the theme of **Perseverance and Human Imperfection** within the context of ministry, reminding us that even within the closest circles, individual spiritual journeys can diverge.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **Demas (Greek, _Dēmâs'_):** According to the Strong's data, Demas is "probably for Δημήτριος; Demas, a Christian." At the time of this letter, Demas is counted among Paul's faithful "fellowlabourers." His inclusion here signifies his active participation and partnership in Paul's ministry during this period of imprisonment. However, his later mention in [2 Timothy 4:10](/2_timothy/4-10 "2 Timothy 4:10 - Demas's Desertion") as having "forsaken me, having loved this present world" provides a poignant contrast, illustrating the reality of spiritual struggle and defection even among those initially committed to the Gospel.
* **Lucas (Greek, _Loukâs'_):** From the Strong's data, Lucas is "contracted from Latin Lucanus; Lucas, a Christian." This is widely understood to be Luke, "the beloved physician" (as mentioned in [Colossians 4:14](/colossians/4-14 "Colossians 4:14 - Luke, the Beloved Physician")), and the author of the Gospel of Luke and the Book of Acts. His presence with Paul during this imprisonment, and his consistent faithfulness, mark him as a steadfast and invaluable companion, likely providing both medical care and chronicling Paul's ministry.
* **fellowlabourers (Greek, _synergós'_):** The Strong's data defines this as "from a presumed compound of σύν and the base of ἔργον; a co-laborer, i.e. coadjutor:--companion in labour, (fellow-)helper(-labourer, -worker), labourer together with, workfellow." This term is highly significant, as it is frequently used by Paul to describe those who shared in his apostolic work. It conveys a deep sense of shared purpose, cooperative effort, and mutual commitment in the propagation of the Gospel. It emphasizes that the mission of Christ is a collective endeavor, requiring the combined efforts and dedication of many individuals working together towards a common goal.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"Marcus, Aristarchus, Demas, Lucas,"**: This clause functions as a direct enumeration of individuals. Each name represents a distinct person known to Paul and likely to Philemon, highlighting the specific members of Paul's immediate ministry team who were with him during his imprisonment. The order of names may not be significant beyond simply listing those present.
* **"my fellowlabourers."**: This concluding phrase serves as a collective designation and a unifying descriptor for the four individuals previously named. The possessive "my" indicates their personal connection and partnership with Paul, while "fellowlabourers" defines their shared identity and role in the work of the Gospel. It elevates their status from mere companions to active participants and co-workers in the divine mission, emphasizing the collaborative nature of early Christian ministry.

#### Literary Devices
Philemon 1:24 primarily employs **Enumeration** and **Appellation**. The simple listing of "Marcus, Aristarchus, Demas, Lucas" is a clear example of **Enumeration**, a literary device used to itemize or count a series of names, objects, or ideas. This direct listing serves to introduce the specific individuals Paul wishes to acknowledge. Following this, the phrase "my fellowlabourers" functions as an **Appellation** or a descriptive title. This title is not merely a label but a significant descriptor that defines the relationship and shared purpose between Paul and these men. Furthermore, the verse carries an **Implicit Testimony** or **Implicit Endorsement**. By listing these well-known figures as his "fellowlabourers," Paul is not only sending their greetings but also subtly leveraging their respected standing within the Christian community to add weight and communal affirmation to his appeal to Philemon regarding Onesimus. The very presence of these individuals with Paul during his imprisonment speaks volumes about their loyalty and shared commitment to the Gospel.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Philemon 1:24 profoundly underscores the New Testament's emphasis on the communal and collaborative nature of Christian ministry. Paul, despite his apostolic authority, consistently presented himself as part of a team, recognizing and valuing the contributions of his co-workers. This verse highlights that the advancement of God's kingdom is not a solo endeavor but a collective effort, requiring diverse gifts and dedicated partnerships. It speaks to the theological truth that the body of Christ functions through the interdependent service of its members, each contributing to the common good and the spread of the Gospel. The inclusion of these specific names, some of whom are prominent figures in early church history, also reminds us of the human element in divine service—individuals with their own stories, strengths, and even weaknesses, all called to participate in God's redemptive plan.

* [1 Corinthians 3:9](/1_corinthians/3-9 "1 Corinthians 3:9 - For we are God's fellow workers; you are God's field, God's building.")
* [Philippians 4:3](/philippians/4-3 "Philippians 4:3 - Yes, I ask you also, true companion, help these women, who have labored side by side with me in the gospel together with Clement and the rest of my fellow workers, whose names are in the book of life.")
* [Romans 16:3](/romans/16-3 "Romans 16:3 - Greet Prisca and Aquila, my fellow workers in Christ Jesus.")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Philemon 1:24 serves as a powerful reminder that spiritual growth and effective ministry are rarely, if ever, solitary pursuits. Just as Paul relied on his "fellowlabourers," so too are believers today called into community, to support, encourage, and partner with one another in advancing God's kingdom. This verse challenges us to identify and cherish those in our lives who are our "fellowlabourers"—those with whom we share a common purpose in Christ, whether in formal ministry, family life, or daily interactions. It encourages us to actively seek out and cultivate relationships that foster mutual growth, shared burdens, and collective joy in serving God. Furthermore, the inclusion of Demas offers a sober yet hopeful reflection: while some may falter, the call to persevere remains, and the community's role is to extend grace while upholding truth. We are reminded that the strength of our faith journey often lies in the quality of our spiritual partnerships and the unwavering commitment to the shared mission.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **Who are your "fellowlabourers" in life and ministry, and how do you intentionally support and encourage them?**
* **In what ways can you more actively participate in collaborative efforts within your church or community to advance the Gospel?**
* **Considering the example of Demas, how does this verse challenge your understanding of perseverance in faith and the role of grace within Christian community?**

### FAQ
**What does "fellowlabourers" mean in the context of Philemon 1:24?**

Answer: The term "fellowlabourers" (Greek: _synergós_) signifies individuals who are co-workers, partners, or companions in a shared task or mission. In this context, it refers to Marcus, Aristarchus, Demas, and Lucas, who were actively working alongside Paul in the ministry of the Gospel, sharing his burdens, supporting his efforts, and contributing to the spread of Christianity during his imprisonment. It highlights a deep partnership and collaborative effort in serving Christ, as seen in other Pauline letters where he uses this term for his co-workers (e.g., [Romans 16:3](/romans/16-3 "Romans 16:3 - Priscilla and Aquila, my fellow workers in Christ Jesus.")).

**Who were Marcus, Aristarchus, Demas, and Lucas?**

Answer: These were prominent figures in the early Christian movement and close companions of the Apostle Paul.
* **Marcus** is widely identified as John Mark, the author of the Gospel of Mark. He had a complex relationship with Paul, initially departing from a missionary journey (as recounted in [Acts 15:38](/acts/15-38 "Acts 15:38 - John Mark's Departure")), but later being restored to Paul's trust and usefulness (as seen in [Colossians 4:10](/colossians/4-10 "Colossians 4:10 - Mark, Barnabas's cousin") and [2 Timothy 4:11](/2_timothy/4-11 "2 Timothy 4:11 - Mark is useful to me for ministry")).
* **Aristarchus** was a Macedonian from Thessalonica, a loyal companion who shared Paul's perils, even being taken captive with him during the riot in Ephesus ([Acts 19:29](/acts/19-29 "Acts 19:29 - Aristarchus and Gaius seized in Ephesus")) and accompanying him on his voyage to Rome, where Paul calls him his "fellow prisoner" ([Colossians 4:10](/colossians/4-10 "Colossians 4:10 - Aristarchus, my fellow prisoner")).
* **Demas** was a companion of Paul at the time of this letter. However, he is later noted by Paul in [2 Timothy 4:10](/2_timothy/4-10 "2 Timothy 4:10 - Demas's Desertion") as having "forsaken me, having loved this present world," serving as a cautionary example of spiritual defection.
* **Lucas** is almost certainly Luke, "the beloved physician" ([Colossians 4:14](/colossians/4-14 "Colossians 4:14 - Luke, the beloved physician")) and the author of the Gospel of Luke and the Book of Acts. He was a steadfast and faithful companion to Paul throughout many of his trials, chronicling much of Paul's missionary journeys.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
While Philemon 1:24 directly names Paul's human "fellowlabourers," it implicitly points to the ultimate "fellowlabourer" and source of all ministry: Jesus Christ. The very concept of co-laboring in the Gospel finds its foundation and purpose in Christ, who is the head of the church and the one who empowers and sends out His workers. These individuals were not merely working for Paul, but "for the Lord" (as Paul often describes his own work, e.g., [1 Corinthians 15:58](/1_corinthians/15-58 "1 Corinthians 15:58 - Abounding in the work of the Lord")). Their shared mission was to proclaim the good news of Christ's redemptive work, echoing the Great Commission given by Jesus Himself (e.g., [Matthew 28:19-20](/matthew/28-19-20 "Matthew 28:19-20 - The Great Commission")). The unity and partnership exemplified by these companions reflect the unity that believers are called to have in Christ, a unity that mirrors the relationship within the Godhead (as Jesus prayed in [John 17:21](/john/17-21 "John 17:21 - Jesus' Prayer for Unity")). Ultimately, every act of Christian service, every shared burden, and every collaborative effort among believers is a participation in Christ's ongoing work of reconciling the world to Himself, demonstrating the power of His Spirit at work through His body, the church (as described in [Ephesians 4:11-16](/ephesians/4-11-16 "Ephesians 4:11-16 - Unity in the Body of Christ")).

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Colossians 4:14

Luke, the beloved physician, and Demas, greet you.

2 Timothy 4:10

For Demas hath forsaken me, having loved this present world, and is departed unto Thessalonica; Crescens to Galatia, Titus unto Dalmatia.

2 Timothy 4:11

Only Luke is with me. Take Mark, and bring him with thee: for he is profitable to me for the ministry.

Colossians 4:10

Aristarchus my fellowprisoner saluteth you, and Marcus, sister's son to Barnabas, (touching whom ye received commandments: if he come unto you, receive him;)

Acts 15:37

And Barnabas determined to take with them John, whose surname was Mark.

Acts 15:39

And the contention was so sharp between them, that they departed asunder one from the other: and so Barnabas took Mark, and sailed unto Cyprus;

Acts 19:29

And the whole city was filled with confusion: and having caught Gaius and Aristarchus, men of Macedonia, Paul's companions in travel, they rushed with one accord into the theatre.