Philemon 1:12

KJV

Whom I have sent again: thou therefore receive him, that is, mine own bowels:

KJV (with Strong's)

Whom {G3739} I have sent again {G375}: thou {G4771} therefore {G1161} receive {G4355} him {G846}, that is {G5123}, mine own {G1699} bowels {G4698}:

Complete Jewish Bible

so that in returning him to you I am sending a part of my very heart.

Berean Standard Bible

I am sending back to you him who is my very heart.

American Standard Version

whom I have sent back to thee in his own person, that is, my very heart:

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Philemon 1:12 is a deeply personal and poignant plea from the Apostle Paul to Philemon, urging him to receive back Onesimus, a runaway servant who had become a beloved brother in Christ. Paul sends Onesimus back to his master, not as a slave, but as a transformed individual, expressing his profound affection for Onesimus by calling him "mine own bowels," signifying a deep spiritual bond and an earnest desire for Philemon to extend radical forgiveness and reconciliation.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** The letter to Philemon stands as a unique and powerful example of Paul's pastoral heart and the practical implications of the Gospel. It is one of Paul's "Prison Epistles," likely written around AD 60-62 from Rome, alongside Colossians, Ephesians, and Philippians. Philemon 1:12 is central to Paul's appeal, immediately following his declaration in [Philemon 1:10-11](/philemon/1-10-11 "Philemon 1:10-11 - Paul's Appeal for Onesimus") that he is sending Onesimus, whom he has "begotten in my bonds," back to Philemon. This verse sets the stage for Paul's subsequent arguments for Philemon to receive Onesimus not merely as a servant, but as a beloved brother, a concept further elaborated in [Philemon 1:16](/philemon/1-16 "Philemon 1:16 - Onesimus as a Beloved Brother"). The verse highlights Paul's role as an intercessor and underscores the transformative power of the Gospel on human relationships.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The Roman Empire of the first century CE was a slave-holding society, with slavery deeply ingrained in its economic and social fabric. Slaves constituted a significant portion of the population, and their legal status was that of property, not persons. Runaway slaves faced severe penalties, often death or brutal punishment, if caught. Philemon was a wealthy Christian, likely a house church leader in Colossae, and Onesimus was his runaway slave. Paul's letter, therefore, addresses a highly sensitive and potentially volatile situation. His request for Philemon to "receive him" (Onesimus) was not a mere suggestion but a profound challenge to the prevailing social norms, calling for a response rooted in Christian love and forgiveness rather than legal rights or societal expectations. The concept of Christian brotherhood transcending master-slave distinctions was revolutionary, as seen in passages like [Galatians 3:28](/galatians/3-28 "Galatians 3:28 - Unity in Christ").
* **Key Themes:** Philemon 1:12 contributes significantly to several overarching themes within the letter and Paul's broader theology. First, it underscores the theme of **reconciliation and forgiveness**, demonstrating the Gospel's power to mend broken relationships and transform former adversaries into brothers. Paul's intercession for Onesimus models the Christian call to extend grace, as Christ has extended it to us (cf. [Colossians 3:13](/colossians/3-13 "Colossians 3:13 - Bearing with one another and forgiving")). Second, it highlights **Christian brotherhood and equality in Christ**, showing that the Gospel transcends all social and economic distinctions, uniting believers into a new family where status is determined by Christ, not human hierarchies. Onesimus, once a slave, is now Paul's "bowels" and Philemon's "beloved brother" ([Philemon 1:16](/philemon/1-16 "Philemon 1:16 - Onesimus as a Beloved Brother")). Third, the verse exemplifies **Paul's pastoral heart and intercessory ministry**, revealing his deep affection for his converts and his willingness to personally advocate for them, even offering to cover any debt Onesimus owed ([Philemon 1:18-19](/philemon/1-18-19 "Philemon 1:18-19 - Paul's Offer to Repay")). Finally, it subtly points to the **transformative power of the Gospel**, which changes hearts, relationships, and societal norms, fostering a community built on love and grace rather than law and retribution.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **sent again (Greek, _anapémpō'_):** This word (G375) means "to send up or back." In this context, it signifies Paul's act of returning Onesimus to Philemon. It is a deliberate action, underscoring that Onesimus is not returning as a captured runaway but as an emissary from Paul, carrying this deeply significant letter. The nuance of "sending back" implies a restoration of order, but within a transformed relationship.
* **receive (Greek, _proslambánō'_):** This verb (G4355) means "to take to oneself, i.e., use (food), lead (aside), admit (to friendship or hospitality)." Paul's imperative "receive him" is a strong appeal for Philemon to not merely accept Onesimus's return but to welcome him with warmth, hospitality, and full acceptance, as one would a friend or even a family member. It implies a restoration of relationship, going beyond legal obligation to embrace Christian love.
* **bowels (Greek, _splánchnon'_):** This term (G4698), often translated as "intestines" or "viscera," was understood in ancient Greek thought as the seat of deep emotions, affections, compassion, and tender mercies. When Paul refers to Onesimus as "mine own bowels," he is conveying the most profound sense of affection, empathy, and spiritual connection. It means Onesimus is deeply cherished, loved, and integral to Paul's innermost being, akin to saying "my very heart" or "my deepest affections." It signifies a bond so intimate that Onesimus is seen as an extension of Paul himself.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"Whom I have sent again:"** This opening clause establishes the critical action: Paul has taken the initiative to send Onesimus back to Philemon. This is not Onesimus returning on his own accord, nor is he being forcibly returned. Rather, Paul, from his imprisonment, is orchestrating this reunion, demonstrating his authority and deep involvement in the matter. It sets the stage for the nature of Onesimus's return—as an envoy of Paul, carrying a plea for reconciliation.
* **"thou therefore receive him,"** This is Paul's direct and urgent appeal to Philemon. The "therefore" (G1161, _dé_) connects Philemon's responsibility to Paul's action of sending Onesimus. Philemon is called to actively and intentionally "receive" Onesimus. As analyzed above, "receive" here implies a warm, hospitable, and forgiving welcome, not just a begrudging acceptance of a former runaway. It is a command rooted in Christian love, challenging Philemon to act in accordance with his faith.
* **"that is, mine own bowels:"** This powerful concluding phrase provides the profound reason and emotional weight behind Paul's request. By declaring Onesimus to be "mine own bowels," Paul reveals the depth of his personal affection and spiritual bond with Onesimus. He is not merely a messenger or a former slave, but someone so integral to Paul's spiritual and emotional well-being that to reject Onesimus would be to wound Paul himself. This statement serves as a compelling emotional appeal, leveraging Paul's relationship with Philemon to secure a gracious reception for Onesimus.

#### Literary Devices
The most prominent literary device in Philemon 1:12 is **Metaphor**. Paul's declaration that Onesimus is "mine own bowels" is a powerful metaphorical expression. It is not a literal statement about Onesimus's physical being, but rather a vivid and evocative way to convey the profound depth of Paul's spiritual and emotional attachment to him. In ancient thought, the "bowels" were considered the seat of deep emotions and compassion, so this metaphor communicates an intense, heartfelt affection and a sense of Onesimus being an indispensable part of Paul's inner self. Additionally, Paul employs **Intercession**, acting as a mediator on behalf of Onesimus, appealing to Philemon's Christian character and their shared faith. This act of intercession is a rhetorical strategy to persuade Philemon. There is also an element of **Ethos**, as Paul leverages his own character, his suffering as a prisoner, and his established relationship with Philemon to add weight and moral authority to his plea.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Philemon 1:12 beautifully encapsulates the transformative power of the Gospel, demonstrating how Christian love and reconciliation transcend societal norms and personal grievances. It illustrates that in Christ, former distinctions of status, such as master and slave, are rendered secondary to the new identity of brotherhood and sisterhood. Paul's willingness to intercede for Onesimus, and to identify so intimately with him, mirrors the divine reconciliation offered through Christ, who intercedes for us and unites us to Himself. This verse calls believers to a radical form of forgiveness and acceptance, recognizing the inherent dignity and new creation status of every individual in the body of Christ, regardless of their past. It challenges us to see others, especially those who have wronged us, through the lens of God's redemptive grace.

* [Colossians 3:12-14](/colossians/3-12-14 "Colossians 3:12-14 - Put on Compassion, Kindness, Humility, Gentleness, and Patience")
* [2 Corinthians 5:17-19](/2_corinthians/5-17-19 "2 Corinthians 5:17-19 - New Creation and Reconciliation")
* [Ephesians 4:32](/ephesians/4-32 "Ephesians 4:32 - Be Kind and Forgiving")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Philemon 1:12 offers a profound challenge and invitation for contemporary believers. It compels us to examine our own hearts regarding forgiveness and reconciliation, especially in relationships where past hurts or social distinctions might create barriers. Paul's radical identification with Onesimus, a former runaway slave, calls us to embrace a love that transcends status, background, or past mistakes. We are challenged to see every person, particularly fellow believers, as "mine own bowels"—as integral and cherished members of the body of Christ, worthy of our deepest affection and most earnest intercession. This verse encourages us to be agents of healing and restoration in our communities, willing to bridge divides, extend grace, and advocate for those who may have wronged us, or who are marginalized. It reminds us that the Gospel demands a love that is not merely sentimental but actively seeks the well-being and restoration of others, reflecting the boundless compassion of God.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what relationships in your life are you called to extend radical forgiveness and reconciliation, even when it feels difficult or counter-cultural?**
* **How does Paul's profound affection for Onesimus challenge your understanding of Christian love and brotherhood/sisterhood?**
* **In what ways can you act as an intercessor or advocate for others, bearing their burdens and seeking their restoration, much like Paul did for Onesimus?**
* **How does the concept of "mine own bowels" reshape your view of those who might be considered "outsiders" or "lesser" in society or within the church?**

### FAQ
**What does Paul mean by "mine own bowels" in Philemon 1:12?**

Answer: When Paul refers to Onesimus as "mine own bowels" (KJV), he is using a powerful ancient idiom that signifies the deepest possible affection, compassion, and spiritual bond. In Greek thought, the "bowels" (Greek: _splánchnon_) were considered the seat of intense emotions, similar to how we might use "heart" or "guts" today to express profound feelings. Therefore, Paul is expressing that Onesimus has become incredibly dear to him, an integral part of his inner being, almost like an extension of himself. It conveys a love so profound that to harm Onesimus would be to wound Paul himself. This phrase underscores the urgency and personal nature of Paul's plea to Philemon to receive Onesimus with warmth and forgiveness, as if receiving Paul himself. This deep bond is a testament to the transformative power of the Gospel, which united a runaway slave and an imprisoned apostle in Christ, as also noted in [Philemon 1:16](/philemon/1-16 "Philemon 1:16 - Onesimus as a Beloved Brother").

**Was Paul condoning slavery by sending Onesimus back to Philemon?**

Answer: No, Paul was not condoning slavery. While Paul lived in a society where slavery was a deeply entrenched institution, his letter to Philemon subtly but powerfully undermines the very foundation of slavery from a Christian perspective. By sending Onesimus back "not now as a servant, but above a servant, a brother beloved" ([Philemon 1:16](/philemon/1-16 "Philemon 1:16 - Onesimus as a Beloved Brother")), Paul elevates Onesimus's status from property to family. He appeals to Philemon not on the basis of legal rights but on the basis of Christian love and brotherhood, which transcends societal distinctions. Paul's request for Philemon to receive Onesimus "as myself" ([Philemon 1:17](/philemon/1-17 "Philemon 1:17 - Receive Him as Myself")) and his offer to repay any debt ([Philemon 1:18-19](/philemon/1-18-19 "Philemon 1:18-19 - Paul's Offer to Repay")) demonstrate a radical redefinition of the master-slave relationship. The letter, while not explicitly calling for the abolition of slavery, lays theological groundwork that would ultimately lead to its demise by emphasizing the spiritual equality and inherent dignity of all believers in Christ, as taught in passages like [Galatians 3:28](/galatians/3-28 "Galatians 3:28 - Unity in Christ").

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Philemon 1:12, with its profound expression of Paul's intercession and deep affection for Onesimus, powerfully foreshadows and reflects the ultimate Christ-centered fulfillment of reconciliation and new identity. Paul's act of sending Onesimus back, appealing for his reception "as mine own bowels," mirrors Christ's own self-emptying love and His work as our great Intercessor. Just as Paul stands in the gap for Onesimus, offering to bear his debt and pleading for his full acceptance, so Christ has stood in our place, taking our sin and debt upon Himself on the cross ([2 Corinthians 5:21](/2_corinthians/5-21 "2 Corinthians 5:21 - Christ Became Sin for Us")) and interceding for us before the Father ([Romans 8:34](/romans/8-34 "Romans 8:34 - Christ's Intercession")). Through Christ, we, who were once alienated and enslaved by sin, are now "received" by God, not as former enemies but as beloved children and co-heirs ([Romans 8:17](/romans/8-17 "Romans 8:17 - Heirs with Christ")). The transformation of Onesimus from a runaway slave to a "beloved brother" ([Philemon 1:16](/philemon/1-16 "Philemon 1:16 - Onesimus as a Beloved Brother")) beautifully illustrates the new creation reality in Christ, where old identities are shed, and all believers are united in a new spiritual family, reflecting the radical, barrier-breaking love of God found in the Gospel ([Galatians 3:28](/galatians/3-28 "Galatians 3:28 - Unity in Christ")).

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Matthew 6:14

For if ye forgive men their trespasses, your heavenly Father will also forgive you:

Matthew 6:15

But if ye forgive not men their trespasses, neither will your Father forgive your trespasses.

Ephesians 4:32

And be ye kind one to another, tenderhearted, forgiving one another, even as God for Christ's sake hath forgiven you.

Matthew 18:21

¶ Then came Peter to him, and said, Lord, how oft shall my brother sin against me, and I forgive him? till seven times?

Matthew 18:35

So likewise shall my heavenly Father do also unto you, if ye from your hearts forgive not every one his brother their trespasses.

Mark 11:25

And when ye stand praying, forgive, if ye have ought against any: that your Father also which is in heaven may forgive you your trespasses.

Jeremiah 31:20

[Is] Ephraim my dear son? [is he] a pleasant child? for since I spake against him, I do earnestly remember him still: therefore my bowels are troubled for him; I will surely have mercy upon him, saith the LORD.