Nehemiah 10:39

KJV

For the children of Israel and the children of Levi shall bring the offering of the corn, of the new wine, and the oil, unto the chambers, where [are] the vessels of the sanctuary, and the priests that minister, and the porters, and the singers: and we will not forsake the house of our God.

KJV (with Strong's)

For the children {H1121} of Israel {H3478} and the children {H1121} of Levi {H3878} shall bring {H935} the offering {H8641} of the corn {H1715}, of the new wine {H8492}, and the oil {H3323}, unto the chambers {H3957}, where are the vessels {H3627} of the sanctuary {H4720}, and the priests {H3548} that minister {H8334}, and the porters {H7778}, and the singers {H7891}: and we will not forsake {H5800} the house {H1004} of our God {H430}.

Complete Jewish Bible

For the people of Isra'el and the descendants of Levi are to bring the contribution of grain, wine and olive oil to the rooms where the equipment for the sanctuary, the ministering cohanim, the gatekeepers and the singers are. We will not abandon the house of our God."

Berean Standard Bible

For the Israelites and the Levites are to bring the contributions of grain, new wine, and oil to the storerooms where the articles of the sanctuary are kept and where the ministering priests, the gatekeepers, and the singers stay. Thus we will not neglect the house of our God.”

American Standard Version

For the children of Israel and the children of Levi shall bring the heave-offering of the grain, of the new wine, and of the oil, unto the chambers, where are the vessels of the sanctuary, and the priests that minister, and the porters, and the singers: and we will not forsake the house of our God.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Nehemiah 10:39 encapsulates a pivotal commitment made by the returned exiles in Jerusalem: a solemn vow to perpetually support the temple and its personnel. Following a period of national repentance and covenant renewal, the people pledged to bring their agricultural produce—corn, new wine, and oil—to designated storerooms within the sanctuary complex. This provision was essential for sustaining the priests, Levites, porters, and singers, ensuring the continuous and proper functioning of worship. The verse culminates in a powerful declaration, "and we will not forsake the house of our God," signifying their resolute determination to uphold their responsibilities and prevent the neglect that had plagued the temple in past generations.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Nehemiah 10:39 is situated within the concluding section of a grand covenant renewal ceremony, spanning chapters 8-10. Immediately preceding this verse, Nehemiah 8 details the public reading of the Law by Ezra, which led to national conviction and repentance. Nehemiah 9 records a profound prayer of confession and remembrance of God's faithfulness despite Israel's apostasy. Chapter 10 then outlines the specific terms of the renewed covenant, sealed by the leaders and affirmed by the entire assembly. These vows cover various aspects of covenant obedience, from avoiding intermarriage and observing the Sabbath to, critically, the financial and material support of the temple. Verse 39, therefore, serves as a practical, tangible expression of their commitment to the spiritual life and infrastructure of their restored community, reinforcing the overarching theme of covenant fidelity.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The setting for this verse is post-exilic Jerusalem, around 444 BC, following the return of Jewish exiles from Babylon. The city walls had just been rebuilt under Nehemiah's leadership, symbolizing a physical restoration, but the spiritual and social fabric of the community also required renewal. The people were living under Persian rule, striving to re-establish their identity as God's covenant people in their ancestral land. Temple worship, though restored, had often suffered from neglect and lack of consistent support, leading to Levites abandoning their posts to find livelihoods elsewhere (as seen later in [Nehemiah 13:10](/nehemiah/13-10 "Nehemiah 13:10 - Neglect of Temple Support")). The covenant detailed in Nehemiah 10, particularly the commitment in verse 39, was a direct response to these past failures and a proactive measure to ensure the sustained vitality of the temple, which was the spiritual heart of their national life and identity. The offerings of "corn, new wine, and oil" were the staple agricultural produce of the land, representing the tithes and contributions mandated by Mosaic Law (e.g., [Deuteronomy 14:22-29](/deuteronomy/14-22 "Deuteronomy 14:22-29 - Tithes and Offerings")).
* **Key Themes:** This verse powerfully contributes to several key themes within Nehemiah and the broader Old Testament narrative. It underscores the theme of **Stewardship and Provision**, emphasizing the community's responsibility to bring their firstfruits and tithes to sustain the temple operations and those who served there. This was not merely a financial transaction but a practical demonstration of their faith and obedience to God's commands regarding offerings (see [Numbers 18:21-24](/numbers/18-21 "Numbers 18:21-24 - The Levites' Portion")). Furthermore, the concluding phrase, "and we will not forsake the house of our God," encapsulates the theme of **Covenant Loyalty and Perseverance**. It is a solemn vow to uphold their obligations and ensure the continuity of worship and service, directly addressing the past failures of Israel to support the temple, which often led to its disrepair and the Levites abandoning their posts. Lastly, the detailed mention of "chambers," "vessels," "priests," "porters," and "singers" highlights the theme of **Order and Functionality of Worship**. It emphasizes the importance of a well-organized and fully provisioned system for sacred worship, recognizing that every aspect of temple service depended on these regular contributions, ensuring the sanctity and efficacy of their communal devotion.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **Offering (Hebrew, _terumah'_):** This term refers to a "heave offering" or "contribution," specifically a portion of agricultural produce or other goods set aside and "lifted up" for sacred purposes. It signifies a dedicated portion given to God, often for the sustenance of the priests and Levites who had no tribal land inheritance. The act of bringing the _terumah_ was an act of worship and obedience, acknowledging God as the ultimate provider and owner of all things.
* **Chambers (Hebrew, _lishkôt'_):** These were specific rooms or storerooms within the temple complex, designed for the storage of offerings, sacred vessels, and provisions for the temple staff. Their mention highlights the practical and organized nature of temple administration. The existence of these chambers underscores the expectation of regular, substantial offerings that required dedicated storage, reflecting a well-ordered system for supporting the sanctuary.
* **Forsake (Hebrew, _‘azav'_):** This word carries a strong connotation of abandoning, neglecting, or deserting. In this context, "we will not forsake the house of our God" is a powerful, resolute vow. It implies a conscious and deliberate choice to not neglect their duties towards God's dwelling place and His servants, contrasting sharply with past periods of spiritual apathy and material neglect that had led to the temple's disrepair and the disruption of its services.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"For the children of Israel and the children of Levi shall bring the offering of the corn, of the new wine, and the oil, unto the chambers,"**: This clause establishes the primary responsibility for providing sustenance for the temple. It specifies the two main groups responsible—the broader Israelite community and the Levites themselves (who also had their own tithes to give)—and the nature of their contribution: the essential agricultural products of the land. The destination, "the chambers," emphasizes the organized system for receiving and storing these vital provisions within the temple precincts. This highlights a communal, systemic commitment, not merely individual acts of charity.
* **"where [are] the vessels of the sanctuary, and the priests that minister, and the porters, and the singers:"**: This part details the purpose and beneficiaries of the offerings. The "vessels of the sanctuary" indicate that the chambers also housed sacred implements, implying the offerings were for the upkeep of the entire sacred space. The enumeration of "priests that minister," "porters," and "singers" specifies the various categories of temple personnel who depended on these provisions for their livelihood. This ensures that all who served in the "house of God," from those performing sacrificial rites to those maintaining security and leading worship, were adequately supported, allowing them to dedicate themselves fully to their sacred duties.
* **"and we will not forsake the house of our God."**: This concluding declaration is the emphatic covenantal promise. It is a collective vow, spoken in the first-person plural, signifying a unified and resolute commitment from the entire community. It serves as a powerful affirmation of their renewed loyalty to God and His dwelling place, pledging to prevent the past failures of neglect and ensuring the perpetual maintenance and functioning of the temple as the center of their spiritual life. This is the heart of their commitment, demonstrating a profound shift from past apathy to active, enduring devotion.

#### Literary Devices
Nehemiah 10:39 employs several effective literary devices to convey its significant message. The most prominent is **Enumeration**, seen in the listing of specific offerings ("corn, new wine, and the oil") and various temple functionaries ("priests that minister, and the porters, and the singers"). This detailed listing emphasizes the comprehensive nature of the commitment, showing that no essential aspect of temple provision or personnel was to be overlooked. It creates a sense of thoroughness and meticulous planning. Furthermore, the verse utilizes **Covenant Language**, particularly in the concluding phrase, "and we will not forsake the house of our God." This phrase functions as a solemn oath, echoing the language of fidelity found throughout biblical covenants, underscoring the binding and enduring nature of their promise. The use of the first-person plural "we" also highlights **Collective Responsibility**, emphasizing that this was a unified commitment from the entire community, not just a few individuals, thereby reinforcing the communal aspect of their renewed faith and obedience.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Nehemiah 10:39 stands as a powerful testament to the principle of communal responsibility in supporting the work of God. Theologically, it underscores that true worship extends beyond ritual to practical provision, recognizing that those dedicated to sacred service require material sustenance to fulfill their divine calling. This commitment reflects a deep understanding that the health and vitality of the "house of God"—the center of their spiritual life and national identity—depended directly on the faithful stewardship of the people. It is a tangible expression of their renewed covenant relationship with Yahweh, demonstrating that their repentance and vows were not merely verbal but translated into concrete, sacrificial actions designed to honor God and maintain His presence among them. This principle of supporting those who minister and ensuring the resources for worship is a recurring theme throughout scripture.

* [Numbers 18:21](/numbers/18-21 "Numbers 18:21 - Provision for the Levites")
* [Malachi 3:10](/malachi/3-10 "Malachi 3:10 - Bringing the Whole Tithe")
* [1 Corinthians 9:13-14](/1_corinthians/9-13 "1 Corinthians 9:13-14 - Support for Gospel Workers")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Nehemiah 10:39 offers timeless principles for believers today, transcending its historical context to speak to the enduring call for faithful stewardship and active participation in God's work. Just as the ancient Israelites committed to supporting the temple, believers are called to support the contemporary "house of God," which is the local church and the broader body of Christ. This commitment involves more than just passive attendance; it demands active, generous stewardship of our time, talents, and financial resources. By contributing to the needs of the church and its ministries, we ensure that those who serve full-time are provided for, that resources are available for worship, teaching, outreach, and compassionate service to the world. Our commitment to not "forsake the house of our God" means actively participating in communal worship, fellowship, and service, recognizing that the church is where God's Spirit dwells and where His mission is carried out. Our practical support and presence reflect our loyalty to Him and our desire to see His kingdom advance.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what practical ways do I currently "bring the offering" to support the work of God's house today?**
* **What does it mean for me personally to "not forsake the house of our God" in an age where church attendance and commitment can often waver?**
* **How does my stewardship of resources (time, talent, treasure) reflect my understanding of God as the ultimate provider and owner?**
* **Considering the various roles mentioned (priests, porters, singers), how can I appreciate and support all those who serve in different capacities within my local church community?**

### FAQ
**What was the significance of "corn, new wine, and oil" as offerings?**

Answer: "Corn (grain), new wine, and oil" were the staple agricultural products of ancient Israel, representing the primary produce of the land. They were not merely commodities but were considered the "firstfruits" and "tithes" commanded by God in the Mosaic Law (e.g., [Deuteronomy 14:22-23](/deuteronomy/14-22 "Deuteronomy 14:22-23 - Tithing of Produce")). The significance of these specific offerings was multifaceted: they were a tangible acknowledgment that all prosperity came from God's blessing on the land; they served as the primary means of sustenance for the Levites and priests who had no tribal land inheritance and were dedicated to temple service; and they symbolized the people's obedience and gratitude to God. Bringing these offerings to the temple chambers ensured the practical operation of the sanctuary and the livelihood of its personnel, demonstrating a holistic commitment to the covenant.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
While Nehemiah 10:39 speaks of supporting the physical temple and its Levitical system, its ultimate fulfillment and spiritual resonance are found in Christ and the New Covenant. The Old Testament temple, with its priests, sacrifices, and offerings, was a shadow pointing to the reality of Jesus Christ. He is the true and ultimate [Lamb of God](/john/1-29 "John 1:29 - Jesus, the Lamb of God"), whose single, perfect sacrifice on the cross eternally atoned for sin, rendering the continuous animal sacrifices unnecessary ([Hebrews 10:10-14](/hebrews/10-10 "Hebrews 10:10-14 - Christ's Perfect Sacrifice")). Furthermore, Jesus is our [Great High Priest](/hebrews/4-14 "Hebrews 4:14 - Jesus, Our Great High Priest"), who perpetually intercedes for us in the heavenly sanctuary, which is not made with human hands ([Hebrews 9:11-12](/hebrews/9-11 "Hebrews 9:11-12 - Christ's Heavenly Ministry")). Under the New Covenant, the "house of God" is no longer a physical building but the spiritual temple comprised of believers, the Church, in whom the Holy Spirit dwells ([1 Corinthians 3:16](/1_corinthians/3-16 "1 Corinthians 3:16 - You Are God's Temple")). Our commitment to "not forsake the house of our God" is now expressed through our active participation in and support of the body of Christ, contributing our spiritual gifts, resources, and presence to build up the church and advance the gospel. Just as the Israelites provided for those who ministered in the temple, New Testament believers are called to honor and support those who labor in the gospel, recognizing that "the laborer is worthy of his wages" ([1 Timothy 5:18](/1_timothy/5-18 "1 Timothy 5:18 - Support for Elders")). Thus, Nehemiah 10:39 foreshadows the New Covenant call to faithful stewardship and communal devotion, now centered on Christ and His living temple, the Church.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

2 Chronicles 31:12

And brought in the offerings and the tithes and the dedicated [things] faithfully: over which Cononiah the Levite [was] ruler, and Shimei his brother [was] the next.

Hebrews 10:25

Not forsaking the assembling of ourselves together, as the manner of some [is]; but exhorting [one another]: and so much the more, as ye see the day approaching.

Deuteronomy 14:23

And thou shalt eat before the LORD thy God, in the place which he shall choose to place his name there, the tithe of thy corn, of thy wine, and of thine oil, and the firstlings of thy herds and of thy flocks; that thou mayest learn to fear the LORD thy God always.

Deuteronomy 14:27

And the Levite that [is] within thy gates; thou shalt not forsake him; for he hath no part nor inheritance with thee.

Nehemiah 13:10

¶ And I perceived that the portions of the Levites had not been given [them]: for the Levites and the singers, that did the work, were fled every one to his field.

Nehemiah 13:12

Then brought all Judah the tithe of the corn and the new wine and the oil unto the treasuries.

Numbers 18:30

Therefore thou shalt say unto them, When ye have heaved the best thereof from it, then it shall be counted unto the Levites as the increase of the threshingfloor, and as the increase of the winepress.