Nahum 2:8

KJV

But Nineveh [is] of old like a pool of water: yet they shall flee away. Stand, stand, [shall they cry]; but none shall look back.

KJV (with Strong's)

But Nineveh {H5210} is of old {H3117} like a pool {H1295} of water {H4325}: yet they shall flee away {H5127}. Stand {H5975}, stand {H5975}, shall they cry; but none shall look back {H6437}.

Complete Jewish Bible

Ninveh is like a pool whose water ebbs away. "Stop! Stop!" But none of it goes back.

Berean Standard Bible

Nineveh has been like a pool of water throughout her days, but now it is draining away. “Stop! Stop!” they cry, but no one turns back.

American Standard Version

But Nineveh hath been from of old like a pool of water: yet they flee away. Stand, stand, they cry; but none looketh back.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Nahum 2:8 vividly portrays the imminent and chaotic downfall of Nineveh, the formidable capital of the Assyrian Empire. Despite its historical strength and apparent stability, likened to a "pool of water," the verse declares that its inhabitants will flee in utter panic, unable to rally or resist the overwhelming divine judgment. The desperate cries to "Stand, stand" are met with universal flight, symbolizing the complete and irreversible collapse of a once-proud and oppressive power.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Nahum 2:8 is situated within the heart of Nahum's prophecy, which is exclusively dedicated to proclaiming God's judgment against Nineveh. Chapter 1 establishes God's character as a jealous, avenging, and powerful God who is slow to anger but will not leave the guilty unpunished, particularly those who oppose His people. Chapter 2 then shifts to a vivid, almost cinematic description of Nineveh's destruction. Verses 1-7 depict the siege and the initial stages of the city's fall, with the "scatterer" (Babylon and Media) coming against it. Verse 8 specifically focuses on the internal chaos and flight of Nineveh's inhabitants, transitioning from the external assault to the internal disintegration. This verse sets the stage for the complete desolation described in chapter 3, where Nineveh is depicted as a harlot whose nakedness is exposed, leading to its utter ruin. The verse serves as a climactic moment, illustrating the psychological impact of the impending doom on the city's populace.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** Nineveh was the capital of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, a dominant and notoriously cruel power in the ancient Near East from the 9th to the 7th centuries BC. Known for its military might, brutal conquests, and immense wealth, Nineveh was a symbol of oppressive power. Its fortifications were legendary, including massive walls and a strategic location on the Tigris River. The phrase "of old like a pool of water" likely refers to Nineveh's long-established prosperity, its vast population, or its strategic location near the Tigris River, which could have provided a sense of security and abundance, perhaps even alluding to its role as a hub for trade and a gathering place for peoples. However, Nahum's prophecy, delivered likely in the late 7th century BC, foretold its complete destruction, which came to pass around 612 BC when a coalition of Babylonians and Medes besieged and utterly destroyed the city. This event was a significant shift in regional power dynamics and a testament to the fulfillment of prophetic word.
* **Key Themes:** Nahum 2:8 contributes significantly to several overarching themes in the book of Nahum. First, it underscores the theme of **Divine Judgment** against wickedness and oppression. Nineveh's fall is not random but a direct consequence of God's righteous wrath against its cruelty and idolatry, as foreshadowed in [Nahum 1:2-3](/nahum/1-2-3 "Nahum 1:2-3 - God's Vengeance and Power"). Second, it highlights the **Sudden and Irreversible Collapse** of human power when it stands against God's will. The imagery of fleeing and not looking back emphasizes the overwhelming panic and disarray that will seize the city, contrasting sharply with its former might. This illustrates the [futility of human resistance against God's appointed judgment](/psalm/33-10 "Psalm 33:10 - God's Counsel Prevails"). Finally, the verse reinforces the **Certainty of Prophetic Fulfillment**. Nahum's declaration is not a mere warning but a declaration of what *will* happen, demonstrating the unwavering reliability of God's word and His sovereign control over history, a truth echoed in [Isaiah 46:10](/isaiah/46-10 "Isaiah 46:10 - God Declares the End from the Beginning").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **Nineveh (Hebrew, _Nîynᵉvêh'_):** H5210. This is the capital of Assyria, a city of immense power and wealth, notorious for its cruelty and oppression. The mention of Nineveh immediately brings to mind its historical significance as an oppressor of God's people and its previous, albeit temporary, repentance under Jonah. Here, its name is linked to its downfall, a stark reversal of its former glory.
* **pool (Hebrew, _bᵉrêkâh'_):** H1295. From a root meaning "to kneel," often referring to a reservoir where camels might rest, or a fish-pool. In this context, it metaphorically describes Nineveh's long-standing stability, abundance, and perhaps its populous nature, like a large body of water. It implies a sense of security and a gathering place, which is now about to be violently dispersed.
* **flee away (Hebrew, _nûwç'_):** H5127. A primitive root meaning "to flit," "vanish away," "subside," or "escape." It can also mean to "chase" or "put to flight." Here, it vividly depicts the panicked, uncoordinated flight of Nineveh's inhabitants. It signifies a complete breakdown of order and morale, an uncontrolled stampede away from the impending doom, rather than an orderly retreat.
* **Stand (Hebrew, _ʻâmad'_):** H5975. A primitive root meaning "to stand," "abide," "appoint," "arise," "confirm," "endure," or "remain." The repetition of this word ("Stand, stand") underscores a desperate, futile attempt to rally the fleeing populace. It highlights the complete failure of leadership or military command to stem the tide of panic and disarray.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"But Nineveh [is] of old like a pool of water:":** This clause sets the stage by contrasting Nineveh's former state with its impending doom. "Of old" (H3117, _yôwm_) emphasizes its long-established existence and prosperity, perhaps even its historical dominance. The simile "like a pool of water" suggests abundance, stability, and perhaps a teeming population. It paints a picture of a city that was once vibrant and seemingly unassailable, a hub of activity and life.
* **"yet they shall flee away.":** This introduces the abrupt and dramatic reversal. Despite its former stability and strength, the inhabitants of Nineveh will not stand their ground but will instead scatter in terrified flight. The verb "flee away" (H5127, _nûwç_) conveys a sense of rapid, unorganized, and desperate escape, indicating a complete loss of control and morale.
* **"Stand, stand, [shall they cry];":** This is a desperate, repeated command, likely from leaders or military officers, attempting to rally the fleeing populace. The repetition of "Stand" (H5975, _ʻâmad_) emphasizes the urgency and futility of the plea. It captures the chaotic soundscape of a city collapsing from within, as attempts to restore order are made in vain.
* **"but none shall look back.":** This final clause seals the fate of Nineveh's inhabitants. The phrase "look back" (H6437, _pânâh_) implies turning to face a threat, to regroup, or even to acknowledge the desperate cries of their leaders. The absolute denial ("none") highlights the depth of the panic and the complete lack of cohesion. The flight is so overwhelming and the fear so profound that no one dares to pause or turn, signifying an utter and irreversible defeat.

#### Literary Devices
Nahum 2:8 is rich in **Imagery** and **Symbolism**. The central image is Nineveh as a "pool of water," which initially symbolizes its past vitality, abundance, and perhaps its large, settled population. This image is then powerfully juxtaposed with the "flee away" motif, suggesting the draining or dispersal of this once-full pool, transforming stability into chaotic flight. The verse also employs **Simile** ("like a pool of water") to convey this initial state. **Repetition** is prominently used with "Stand, stand," which serves as a powerful **Rhetorical Device** to emphasize the desperate and futile attempts to rally the panicked inhabitants. This repetition creates a sense of urgent, yet ignored, command, highlighting the utter breakdown of authority and order. The final phrase, "none shall look back," uses **Hyperbole** to underscore the absolute nature of the panic and the complete absence of resistance or cohesion among the fleeing populace. The entire verse functions as a vivid **Prophetic Vision**, presenting a future event with such clarity and sensory detail that it feels as if it is happening in the present.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Nahum 2:8 powerfully illustrates God's sovereign judgment against those who oppose His righteousness and oppress His people. It reveals that no earthly power, no matter how great or historically entrenched, can withstand the divine will when its appointed time for judgment arrives. Nineveh's fall serves as a stark reminder that God is just and will ultimately bring all wickedness to account. This particular verse emphasizes the internal collapse born of overwhelming fear, demonstrating that God's judgment can dismantle even the most formidable empires from within, turning their strength into weakness and their stability into chaos. It underscores the fragility of human security apart from God and the certainty of His word.

* [Psalm 9:16](/psalm/9-16 "Psalm 9:16 - The Lord is Known by His Justice"): "The Lord is known by the judgment he executes; the wicked are snared by the work of their own hands."
* [Proverbs 16:18](/proverbs/16-18 "Proverbs 16:18 - Pride Goes Before Destruction"): "Pride goes before destruction, and a haughty spirit before a fall."
* [Jeremiah 49:5](/jeremiah/49-5 "Jeremiah 49:5 - God's Judgment on Edom"): "Behold, I will bring terror upon you, declares the Lord GOD of hosts, from all who are around you, and you shall be driven out, every man straight before him, with none to gather the fugitives."

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Nahum 2:8 offers profound lessons for contemporary believers and societies. It reminds us that earthly power, wealth, and security are ultimately transient. The fall of Nineveh, a city once deemed invincible, serves as a powerful testament to the fact that true and lasting security is not found in fortifications, military might, or economic prosperity, but in God alone. This passage challenges us to examine where we place our trust and derive our sense of stability. Do we rely on human institutions, financial portfolios, or personal achievements, or do we anchor our hope in the unchanging character and sovereign power of God? It also calls us to consider the consequences of unrepentant sin and oppression, both individually and corporately. God's justice, though sometimes delayed, is certain. Therefore, we are called to live with humility, to seek righteousness, and to extend compassion, knowing that every action has eternal implications and that all will ultimately stand before the righteous judge.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **Where do I tend to place my ultimate trust for security and stability in life?**
* **How does the swift and irreversible fall of Nineveh challenge my assumptions about human power and control?**
* **In what ways might I be tempted to rely on my own strength or resources instead of God's sovereign provision?**
* **What lessons can I draw from Nineveh's judgment regarding the importance of repentance and justice in my own life and in society?**

### FAQ
**What does "Nineveh is of old like a pool of water" mean?**

Answer: This phrase, "Nineveh [is] of old like a pool of water," is a powerful metaphor that describes Nineveh's former state. "Of old" (H3117, _yôwm_) signifies its long-established existence and historical prominence. The simile "like a pool of water" (H1295, _bᵉrêkâh_ and H4325, _mayim_) suggests several things about Nineveh. It could refer to its immense population, teeming like a large body of water, or its vast wealth and abundance, flowing like a well-supplied reservoir. It might also allude to its strategic location on the Tigris River, which provided both defense and resources, giving it a sense of stability and security. The imagery evokes a picture of a city that was once vibrant, prosperous, and seemingly unassailable, a hub of activity and life. This description then serves as a stark contrast to the chaotic flight and desolation that Nahum prophesies will soon befall it. The "pool" that once held life and stability is about to be drained and dispersed.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
While Nahum 2:8 directly prophesies the historical judgment upon Nineveh, its theological principles find profound Christ-centered fulfillment. The fall of Nineveh, a symbol of oppressive earthly power and unrepentant wickedness, foreshadows the ultimate triumph of God's kingdom over all opposing forces. Just as Nineveh's inhabitants desperately cried "Stand, stand" but found no one to heed, humanity, apart from Christ, is utterly helpless in the face of divine judgment. The panic and flight depicted in Nahum point to the futility of resisting God's righteous wrath, a wrath that was fully poured out on Christ on the cross, so that those who believe might escape it. Jesus, the true [Lamb of God](/john/1-29 "John 1:29 - Jesus, the Lamb of God"), absorbed the judgment due to humanity, offering a way for us to "stand" not in our own strength, but in His perfect righteousness. His victory over sin and death, celebrated in passages like [Colossians 2:15](/colossians/2-15 "Colossians 2:15 - Christ's Triumph Over Powers"), ensures that all earthly powers and systems that oppose God's will are ultimately destined for collapse, just as Nineveh was. The ultimate "fleeing away" will be of all evil and unrighteousness at Christ's return, when [every knee will bow](/philippians/2-10-11 "Philippians 2:10-11 - Every Knee Will Bow to Jesus") and His eternal kingdom will be established, where there will be no more panic or flight, but only perfect peace and justice under His reign, as promised in [Revelation 21:1-4](/revelation/21-1-4 "Revelation 21:1-4 - New Heaven and New Earth").

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Genesis 10:11

Out of that land went forth Asshur, and builded Nineveh, and the city Rehoboth, and Calah,

Revelation 17:15

And he saith unto me, The waters which thou sawest, where the whore sitteth, are peoples, and multitudes, and nations, and tongues.

Isaiah 48:20

Go ye forth of Babylon, flee ye from the Chaldeans, with a voice of singing declare ye, tell this, utter it [even] to the end of the earth; say ye, The LORD hath redeemed his servant Jacob.

Revelation 17:1

¶ And there came one of the seven angels which had the seven vials, and talked with me, saying unto me, Come hither; I will shew unto thee the judgment of the great whore that sitteth upon many waters:

Jeremiah 51:30

The mighty men of Babylon have forborn to fight, they have remained in [their] holds: their might hath failed; they became as women: they have burned her dwellingplaces; her bars are broken.

Isaiah 47:13

Thou art wearied in the multitude of thy counsels. Let now the astrologers, the stargazers, the monthly prognosticators, stand up, and save thee from [these things] that shall come upon thee.

Isaiah 13:14

And it shall be as the chased roe, and as a sheep that no man taketh up: they shall every man turn to his own people, and flee every one into his own land.