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Micah 7:10

“A Resolution of Faith and Hope”Micah 7:7–10

King James Version
Then she that is mine enemy shall see it, and shame shall cover her which said unto me, Where is the LORD thy God? mine eyes shall behold her: now shall she be trodden down as the mire of the streets.

Bible text: King James Version (1769 Blayney text) · Public domain

KJV (with Strong's)
Then she that is mine enemy H341 shall see H7200 it, and shame H955 shall cover H3680 her which said H559 unto me, Where is the LORD H3068 thy God H430? mine eyes H5869 shall behold H7200 her: now shall she be trodden down H4823 as the mire H2916 of the streets H2351.

Bible text: King James Version with Strong's numbers · Public domain

Berean Standard Bible
Then my enemy will see and will be covered with shame— she who said to me, “Where is the LORD your God?” My eyes will see her; at that time she will be trampled like mud in the streets.

Bible text: Berean Standard Bible · Public domain

American Standard Version
Then mine enemy shall see it, and shame shall cover her who said unto me, Where is Jehovah thy God? Mine eyes shall see my desire upon her; now shall she be trodden down as the mire of the streets.

Bible text: American Standard Version (1901) · Public domain

World English Bible Messianic
Then my enemy will see it, and shame will cover her who said to me, where is the LORD your God? Then my enemy will see me and will cover her shame. Now she will be trodden down like the mire of the streets.

Bible text: World English Bible, Messianic edition · Public domain

Geneva Bible (1599)
Then she that is mine enemie, shall looke vpon it, and shame shall couer her, which said vnto me, Where is the Lord thy God? Mine eyes shall behold her: now shall she be troden downe as the myre of the streetes.

Bible text: Geneva Bible (1599) · Public domain

Young's Literal Translation
And see doth mine enemy, And cover her doth shame, Who saith unto me, `Where is Jehovah thy God?' Mine eyes do look on her, Now she is for a treading-place, As mire of the out-places.

Bible text: Young's Literal Translation · Public domain

King James Version — Interlinear
17 Hebrew words
  1. וְתֵרֶאve·te·Re'and she will seeH7200Conj-w ¦ V-Qal-Imperf-3fsVerb Qal Imperfect 3rd Singular Feminineוְandתֵרֶאshe will see
  2. אֹיַבְתִּי'o·Yav·timy enemyH341V-Qal-Prtcpl-fs ¦ 1csVerb Qal Participle Singular Feminine Construct with suffixאֹיַבְתִּenemyיmy
  3. וּתְכַסֶּהָu·te·kha·Se·haand it will cover herH3680Conj-w ¦ V-Piel-ConjImperf-2ms ¦ 3fsVerb Piel Conjunction+Imperfect 2nd Singular Masculineוּandתְכַסֶּit will coverהָher
  4. בוּשָׁהvu·ShahshameH955N-fsNoun Singular Feminine Absolute
  5. הָאֹמְרָהha·'o·me·Rah[she] who saysH559Art ¦ V-Qal-Prtcpl-fsVerb Qal Participle Singular Feminine Absoluteהָ[she] whoאֹמְרָהsays
  6. אֵלַי'e·Laito meH413Prep ¦ 1csPrepositionאֵלַtoיme
  7. אַיּוֹ'ai·Yowhere [is]? heH335Interrog ¦ 3msParticle Interrogativeאַיּwhere [is]?וֹhe
  8. יְהוָהYah·wehYahwehH3068N-properNoun Proper Title
  9. אֱלֹהָיִךְ'e·lo·Ha·yikhyour GodH430N-mpc ¦ 2fsNoun Plural Masculine Construct with suffixאֱלֹהָיִGodךְyour
  10. עֵינַי'ei·Naimy eyesH5869N-fdc ¦ 1csNoun Dual Feminine Construct with suffixעֵינַeyesיmy
  11. תִּרְאֶינָּהtir·'Ei·nahthey will lookH7200V-Qal-Imperf-3fpVerb Qal Imperfect 3rd Plural Feminine
  12. בָּהּBahon herPrep-b ¦ 3fsSuffix Personal 3rd Singular Feminineבָּonהּher
  13. עַתָּה'a·TahnowH6258AdvAdverb
  14. תִּהְיֶהtih·Yehshe will becomeH1961V-Qal-Imperf-3fsVerb Qal Imperfect 3rd Singular Feminine
  15. לְמִרְמָסle·mir·Mas[into] a trampling placeH4823Prep-l ¦ N-msNoun Singular Masculine Absoluteלְ[into]מִרְמָסa trampling place
  16. כְּטִיטke·Titlike [the] mud ofH2916Prep-k ¦ N-mscNoun Singular Masculine Constructכְּlikeטִיט[the] mud of
  17. חוּצוֹתchu·Tzot[the] streetsH2351N-fpNoun Plural (-ôt ending) Absolute
English is a literal word-by-word gloss of the Hebrew, not the KJV's wording. Why?

This is the original text the KJV's translators worked from — each Hebrew word with its own literal English meaning in this verse, prepared by scholars at Tyndale House, Cambridge. The KJV translates whole sentences, not word by word, so its wording differs: one Hebrew word can become several English words, and the KJV may choose “the LORD” where the gloss reads “Yahweh”. Both are faithful — they answer different questions. For the KJV's own rendering, switch to the KJV text.

Words in [ ] are added by the English.

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In the KJVVerse 22,675 of 31,102 · 72.9%

Study this verse

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This verse

The enemy who mocked, “Where is the LORD thy God?” will see God’s rescue, be covered with shame, and be trodden down like mud in the street.

“Then she that is mine enemy shall see it,”

“It” is God’s rescue of his people, which the enemy will have to witness and acknowledge.

“and shame shall cover her which said unto me, Where is the LORD thy God?”

The mocking question is answered by God’s own action, and the shame falls on the one who asked it.

“mine eyes shall behold her:”

The one whose distress was watched now sees the enemy brought low.

“now shall she be trodden down as the mire of the streets.”

Mud in the street is walked over by everyone, a picture of complete defeat and disgrace.

Passage studyMicah 7:7–10

Hope in the God of My Salvation

7Therefore I will look unto the LORD; I will wait for the God of my salvation: my God will hear me. 8Rejoice not against me, O mine enemy: when I fall, I shall arise; when I sit in darkness, the LORD shall be a light unto me. 9I will bear the indignation of the LORD, because I have sinned against him, until he plead my cause, and execute judgment for me: he will bring me forth to the light, and I shall behold his righteousness. 10Then she that is mine enemy shall see it, and shame shall cover her which said unto me, Where is the LORD thy God? mine eyes shall behold her: now shall she be trodden down as the mire of the streets.

Summary

After grieving over a land where the good have perished and even families betray one another, Micah turns to the LORD. He will watch and wait for the God of his salvation, sure that his God will hear him. He tells the enemy who gloats over his fall that he will rise again, and that the LORD will be his light while he sits in darkness. He accepts the LORD’s anger as just, because he has sinned, and he waits until God takes up his case, brings him out into the light and lets him see God’s righteousness. Then the enemy who sneered, “Where is the LORD thy God?” will be covered with shame and trodden down like mud in the street. These four verses show us how to wait for God when everything around us has failed: honestly, confessing our sin, and with full confidence that he hears and will act.

Looking to the LORD when no one else can be trusted

Micah prophesied in the days of Jotham, Ahaz and Hezekiah, kings of Judah. Assyria was the great threat of the age, and in 722 BC it conquered the northern kingdom of Israel. Inside Judah the poor were exploited, rulers were corrupt and prophets spoke falsely (Micah 2:1–2, Micah 3:9–11), and the justice and covenant faithfulness that had marked Israel had worn thin. The chapter opens with Micah’s lament over that collapse (Micah 7:1–6): “The good man is perished out of the earth: and there is none upright among men: they all lie in wait for blood; they hunt every man his brother with a net” (Micah 7:2). Trust had broken down even at home: “For the son dishonoureth the father, the daughter riseth up against her mother, the daughter in law against her mother in law; a man’s enemies are the men of his own house” (Micah 7:6).

Why does Micah turn from lament to hope here?

Micah turns to God because he has found every human hope empty. In the KJV the verse opens with “Therefore”, drawing its conclusion from all he has just described: since help is found in no one around him, he will look to the LORD alone. Other translations open with “But as for me”, which sets the prophet’s own resolve against the whole faithless land. In a time like that, looking to the LORD was an act of courage against the despair on every side, and it was the one road of hope open to the faithful few.

Watching like a watchman

The word for “look”, tsâphâh, means to lean forward and peer into the distance, to keep watch, and it is used of a watchman. Micah pictures himself on the wall, scanning the horizon for the one who is coming to help. His looking is focused and expectant, a deliberate turning of his whole attention toward God.

“Wait” is yâchal, which means to wait or to hope. The two belong together, because the one who waits for God is hoping in him, and Micah’s waiting rests on settled trust in who God is. The psalmist uses the same language: “I wait for the LORD, my soul doth wait, and in his word do I hope” (Psalm 130:5). Scripture calls us to this waiting again and again: “Wait on the LORD: be of good courage, and he shall strengthen thine heart” (Psalm 27:14), “they that wait upon the LORD shall renew their strength” (Isaiah 40:31), and “It is good that a man should both hope and quietly wait for the salvation of the LORD” (Lamentations 3:25–26).

The God of my salvation, who hears

The word for salvation, yeshaʻ, covers deliverance, safety, liberty and well-being. Calling the LORD “the God of my salvation” names him as the one who rescues, whether the danger is an enemy outside, the decay within, or the results of the people’s own sin.

“My God will hear me” is the confidence that holds the verse together. The verb shâmaʻ means to hear with attention, and it often carries the sense of heeding what is heard. Micah expects God to listen to his cry and to act on it. “My God” comes twice in the verse, and it is covenant language, the language of the promise “and will be their God, and they shall be my people” (Jeremiah 31:33). The God of the whole earth is Micah’s own God, and Micah knows it.

When I fall, I shall arise

In verse 8 Micah turns and speaks straight to the enemy: “Rejoice not against me, O mine enemy.” The word ʼôyêb is the ordinary Hebrew word for an enemy, formed from a verb meaning to be hostile. Micah admits the fall and the darkness. He also says, with the certainty of the future tense, “I shall arise”, and “the LORD shall be a light unto me.” Whatever triumph the enemy feels is short-lived, because God still rules.

From this verse on, the “I” who speaks is Micah standing with the faithful of his people, so the words fit a single believer and the whole remnant of Judah alike. A fall here can mean national defeat, the fruit of sin, or deep suffering. Scripture says the same of the righteous elsewhere: “For a just man falleth seven times, and riseth up again” (Proverbs 24:16), and “Though he fall, he shall not be utterly cast down: for the LORD upholdeth him with his hand” (Psalm 37:24).

The darkness, chôshek, is darkness of the eyes, and the word also pictures misery, destruction, death, sorrow, ignorance and wickedness. To “sit in darkness” is to stay a long while under affliction. Into that place comes ʼôwr, light, the word for illumination and for a source of light. The LORD himself will be the light, giving guidance, rescue and joy. David says the same thing in the same terms: “The LORD is my light and my salvation; whom shall I fear?” (Psalm 27:1). God keeps faith with his people even when they stumble through their own sin, because “If we believe not, yet he abideth faithful: he cannot deny himself” (2 Timothy 2:13).

Who is the enemy?

In Micah’s own day the enemy was first of all the hostile nations around Judah. Assyria had already destroyed Samaria and the northern kingdom (2 Kings 17), and under Sennacherib it invaded Judah and besieged Jerusalem in Hezekiah’s reign (2 Kings 18–19). Babylon would later carry Judah into exile. In that world a nation’s defeat was often taken as the defeat of its god, so the gloating of the enemy was a sneer at the LORD himself, as verse 10 makes plain. In verse 10 the enemy is spoken of as “she”, a single foe standing for them all.

The words reach every adversary of God’s people. Paul says that our fight is against the spiritual forces of darkness (Ephesians 6:12), and the enemy can also be the hold of sin or the despair inside us, as well as those who mock or persecute believers. Every one of them meets the same end before the LORD: “When mine enemies are turned back, they shall fall and perish at thy presence” (Psalm 9:3).

Will those who trust the LORD always rise again?

For those who trust in the LORD, every fall ends in rising, because the LORD himself lifts them up. The verse is honest about falling, and it gives no promise of an easy life. What it promises is that a setback, however severe, is never the last word for God’s people. That promise reaches its fullness in Christ, who rose from the dead and gives resurrection and eternal life to those who belong to him.

Bearing the LORD’s anger, because I have sinned

Verse 9 opens with a confession: “I will bear the indignation of the LORD, because I have sinned against him.” The speaker places the blame where it belongs. The word zaʻaph means anger or indignation, here God’s righteous anger at sin. What Judah suffered was the very thing the covenant had warned of in Deuteronomy, which named defeat, exile and suffering as the curses that would follow disobedience. The verb for sinned, châṭâʼ, means at root to miss the mark, and so to go wrong or go astray, and it covers wrongs done knowingly and unknowingly.

To bear the LORD’s indignation is to accept his discipline humbly, as just and as part of his work of correcting his people, with no complaint against him. David confessed in the same spirit: “I acknowledge my sin unto thee, and mine iniquity have I not hid... and thou forgavest the iniquity of my sin” (Psalm 32:5). Lamentations asks, “Wherefore doth a living man complain, a man for the punishment of his sins? Let us search and try our ways, and turn again to the LORD” (Lamentations 3:39–40).

The small word “until” carries the hope of the verse. The anger has a limit set by God, and beyond it lies God’s own action on the speaker’s behalf.

How can God plead the cause of one who has sinned against him?

God is both the righteous Judge and the merciful Advocate of his repentant people. “Plead my cause” uses rîyb, a word for bringing or arguing a case in court. In Micah 6 the LORD brought his own case against his people for failing to do justly, love mercy and walk humbly. Now the same God takes up their case. “Execute judgment for me” uses mishpâṭ, justice, the setting up of what is right. Israel’s law knew the picture well: a wronged party would appeal to a higher authority to be vindicated. God, the highest Judge, now gives judgment in his people’s favour.

He does this without excusing their sin. When they confess and accept his discipline, he defends them against the enemies who have gone too far and delivers them from what their sin brought on them. The psalmist prays for exactly this: “Plead my cause, O LORD, with them that strive with me” (Psalm 35:1).

Brought forth to the light

“He will bring me forth to the light” answers the darkness of verse 8. The word is ʼôwr again, and here it stands for deliverance, freedom and God’s favour after a time of distress and judgment. Isaiah gives the same promise: “Then shall thy light break forth as the morning” (Isaiah 58:8).

“I shall behold his righteousness” is the high point of the verse. The word tsᵉdâqâh means rightness and justice, and in God it is his perfect character together with the saving acts by which he keeps his covenant promises. To behold it is to see God set things right for his people and to experience his rescue. The book closes on that note: “Who is a God like unto thee, that pardoneth iniquity, and passeth by the transgression of the remnant of his heritage? he retaineth not his anger for ever, because he delighteth in mercy” (Micah 7:18–20).

Shame for the enemy who asked, “Where is the LORD thy God?”

Verse 10 brings the reversal. “Then she that is mine enemy shall see it”: the enemy will see God’s rescue of his people with her own eyes and will be forced to acknowledge his power and justice. Her taunt, “Where is the LORD thy God?”, was a challenge to whether Judah’s God existed, had any power, or kept faith with his people at all. God’s people have heard that taunt in every age. The psalmist wept “while they continually say unto me, Where is thy God?” (Psalm 42:3), and the priests in Joel pray that the nations may have no cause to say, “Where is their God?” (Joel 2:17).

“Shame shall cover her.” The word bûwshâh means shame, and here it wraps the mocker completely. David prays in the same way for those who exalt themselves against him: “let them be clothed with shame and dishonour that magnify themselves against me” (Psalm 35:26).

“Mine eyes shall behold her” completes the turn. The enemy once watched Judah’s distress, and now Judah will watch the enemy brought low. The comfort here is in the certainty of God’s justice for those who have endured scorn. The last picture is “trodden down as the mire of the streets.” The word mirmâç means a treading down, something trampled underfoot. Mud in the street is walked over by everyone, and in a culture where public shame was among the heaviest of defeats, it was a vivid picture of complete defeat. God is the one who brings this about: “But God is the judge: he putteth down one, and setteth up another” (Psalm 75:7). Obadiah states the rule behind it: “as thou hast done, it shall be done unto thee: thy reward shall return upon thine own head” (Obadiah 1:15).

Christ, the salvation and the light Micah waited for

The God Micah waited for has come to us in Jesus Christ, the Saviour named before his birth because “he shall save his people from their sins” (Matthew 1:21). Looking to the LORD now means “Looking unto Jesus the author and finisher of our faith” (Hebrews 12:2), and our waiting for the God of our salvation is waiting for Christ’s return, when our salvation will be complete: “from whence also we look for the Saviour, the Lord Jesus Christ” (Philippians 3:20). Micah’s confidence that “my God will hear me” rests for us on Christ our High Priest, who “is able also to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by him, seeing he ever liveth to make intercession for them” (Hebrews 7:25).

The words “when I fall, I shall arise” find their deepest fulfilment in him. Jesus went down into the darkness of death for us, crying from the cross, “My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?” (Matthew 27:46), and he rose on the third day (1 Corinthians 15:3–4), so that we too may walk in newness of life (Romans 6:4). He is the light Micah longed for: “I am the light of the world: he that followeth me shall not walk in darkness, but shall have the light of life” (John 8:12). God “hath delivered us from the power of darkness, and hath translated us into the kingdom of his dear Son” (Colossians 1:13–14), calling us “out of darkness into his marvellous light” (1 Peter 2:9).

Micah bore the indignation of the LORD for his own sin. Christ bore the full weight of God’s anger against sin on the cross in our place, as the suffering servant who “was wounded for our transgressions” (Isaiah 53:4–6). Now he is the Advocate who pleads our cause, because he has paid for our guilt: “we have an advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ the righteous” (1 John 2:1). God gives judgment for us by declaring us righteous in him, and we behold God’s righteousness in Christ, who “of God is made unto us wisdom, and righteousness, and sanctification, and redemption” (1 Corinthians 1:30).

Jesus was mocked as Judah was mocked, and his cross looked like his enemies’ victory. God answered by raising him and highly exalting him, giving him the name above every name (Philippians 2:8–11). Sin, death and the devil, the enemies who once held us, are trodden down in his victory, and “he must reign, till he hath put all enemies under his feet” (1 Corinthians 15:25).

Waiting for God in a faithless time

Micah’s resolve can be ours. When people we trusted have failed us and the world around us looks as dark as Judah did, we can do what he did and turn our eyes to the LORD, watching for him the way a watchman watches for the dawn. Our waiting has substance because he is the God of our salvation and he hears us, so we keep praying.

These verses also teach us to be honest. Some of our trouble is of our own making, and Micah shows us how to carry that: we confess our sin, accept God’s discipline without blaming others or complaining against him, and hold on to the word “until”. God disciplines his children for a time, and he does not keep his anger for ever.

And when someone asks, “Where is your God?”, we can wait without fear. The God who heard Micah sees every tear and hears every taunt. In his own time he lifts up those who fall, brings them out into the light, and shows his righteousness before the very people who mocked.

Last revised

Public-domain commentary

Matthew Henry

From his Commentary on the Whole Bible. Henry wrote on whole passages, and this entry covers Micah 7:7–13. He set out his notes in a two-level outline, kept here as he numbered it.

1662–1714 · 7 verses
Passage under commentMicah 7:7–13
I. II. Main points1. 2. Sub-points

The prophet, having sadly complained of the wickedness of the times he lived in, here fastens upon some considerations for the comfort of himself and his friends, in reference thereunto. The case is bad, but it is not desperate. Yet now there is hope in Israel concerning this thing.

I."Though God be now displeased he shall be reconciled to us, and then all will be well, Micah 7:7, Micah 7:9.

We are now under the indignation of the Lord; God is angry with us, and justly, because we have sinned against him." Note, It is our sin against God that provokes his indignation against us; and we must see it, and own it, whenever we are under divine rebukes, that we may justify God, and may study to answer his end in afflicting us, by repenting of sin and breaking off from it. Now, at such a time,

1.We must have recourse to God under our troubles (Micah 7:7): Therefore I will look unto the Lord. When a child of God has ever so much occasion to cry, Woe is me (as the prophet here, Micah 7:1), yet it may be a comfort to him that he has a God to look to, a God to come to, to fly to, in whom he may rejoice and have satisfaction. All may look bright above him when all looks black and dark about him. The prophet had been complaining that there was no comfort to be had, no confidence to be put, in friends and relations on earth, and this drives him to his God: Therefore I will look unto the Lord. The less reason we have to delight in any creature the more reason we have to delight in God. If princes are not to be trusted, we may say, Happy is the man that has the God of Jacob for his help, and happy am I, even in the midst of my present woes, if he be my help. If men be false, this is our comfort, that God is faithful; if relations be unkind, he is and will be gracious. Let us therefore look above and beyond them, and overlook our disappointment in them, and look unto the Lord.

2.We must submit to the will of God in our troubles: "I will bear the indignation of the Lord, will bear it patiently, without murmuring and repining, because I have sinned against him." Note, Those that are truly penitent for sin will see a great deal of reason to be patient under affliction. Wherefore should a man complain for the punishment of his sin? When we complain to God of the badness of the times we ought to complain against ourselves for the badness of our own hearts.

3.We must depend upon God to work deliverance for us, and put a good issue to our troubles in due time; we must not only look to him, but look for him: "I will wait for the God of my salvation, and for his gracious returns to me." In our greatest distresses we shall see no reason to despair of salvation if by faith we eye God as the God of our salvation, who is able to save the weakest upon their humble petition, and willing to save the worst upon their true repentance. And, if we depend on God as the God of our salvation, we must wait for him, and for his salvation, in his own way and his own time. Let us now see what the church is here taught to expect and promise herself from God, even when things are brought to the last extremity. (1.) My God will hear me; if the Lord be our God, he will hear our prayers, and grant an answer of peace to them. (2.) "When I fall, and am in danger of being dashed in pieces by the fall, yet I shall arise, and recover myself again. I fall, but am not utterly cast down," Psalm 37:24. (3.) "When I sit in darkness, desolate and disconsolate, melancholy and perplexed, and not knowing what to do, nor which way to look for relief, yet then the Lord shall be a light to me, to comfort and revive me, to instruct and teach me, to direct and guide me, as a light to my eyes, a light to my feet, a light in a dark place." (4.) He will plead my cause, and execute judgment for me, Micah 7:9. If we heartily espouse the cause of God, the just but injured cause of religion and virtue, and make it our cause, we may hope he will own our cause, and plead it. The church's cause, though it seem for a time to go against her, will at length be pleaded with jealousy, and judgment not only given against, but executed upon, the enemies of it. (5.) "He will bring me forth to the light, make me shine eminently out of obscurity, and become conspicuous, will make my righteousness shine evidently from under the dark cloud of calumny, Psalm 37:6; Isaiah 58:10. The morning of comfort shall shine forth out of the long and dark night of trouble." (6.) "I shall behold his righteousness; I shall see the equity of his proceedings concerning me and the performance of his promises to me."

II.Though enemies triumph and insult, they shall be silenced and put to shame, Micah 7:8, Micah 7:10. Observe here,

1.How proudly the enemies of God's people trample upon them in their distress. They said, Where is the Lord their God? As if because they were afflicted God had forsaken them, and they knew not where to find him with their prayers, and he knew not how to help them with his favours. This David's enemies said to him, and it was a sword in his bones, Psalm 42:10, and see Psalm 115:2. Thus, in reproaching Israel as an abandoned people, they reflected on the God of Israel as an unkind unfaithful God.

2.How comfortably the people of God by faith bear up themselves under these insults (Micah 7:8): "Rejoice not against me, O my enemy! I am now down, but shall not be always so, and when my God appears for me then she that is my enemy shall see it, and be ashamed" (not only being disappointed in her expectations of the church's utter ruin, but having the same cup of trembling put into her hand), "then my eyes shall behold her in the same deplorable condition that I am now in; now shall she be trodden down." Note, The deliverance of the church will be the confusion of her enemies; and their shame shall be double, when, as they have trampled upon God's people, so they shall themselves be trampled upon.

III.Though the land continue a great while desolate, yet it shall at length be replenished again, when the time, even the set time, of its deliverance comes.

1.Its salvation shall not come till after it has been desolate; so the margin reads it, Micah 7:13. God has a controversy with the land, and it must lie long under his rebukes, because of those that dwell therein; it is their iniquity that makes their land desolate (Psalm 107:34); it is for the fruit of their doings, their evil doings which they have been themselves guilty of, and the evil fruit of them, the sins of others, which they have been accessory to by their bad influence and example. For this they must expect to smart a great while; for the world shall know that God hates sin even in his own people.

2.When it does come it shall be a complete salvation; and it seems to refer to their deliverance out of Babylon by Cyrus, which Isaiah about this time prophesied of, as a type of our redemption by Christ. (1.) The decree shall be far removed. God's decree concerning their captivity, and Nebuchadnezzar's decree concerning the perpetuity of it, his resolution never to release them, "these shall be set aside and revoked, and you shall hear no more of them; they shall no more lie as a yoke upon thy neck." (2.) Jerusalem and the cities of Judah shall be again reared: Then thy walls shall be built, walls for habitation, walls for defence, house-walls, town-walls, temple-walls; it is in order to these that the decree is repealed, Isaiah 44:28. Though Zion's walls may lie long in ruins, there will come a day when they shall be repaired. (3.) All that belong to the land of Israel, whithersoever dispersed, and howsoever distressed, far and wide over the face of the whole earth, shall come flocking to it again (Micah 7:12): He shall come even to thee, having liberty to return and a heart to return, from Assyria, whither the ten tribes were carried away, though it lay remote, and from the fortified cities, and from the fortress, those strongholds in which they thought they had them fast; for when God's time comes, though Pharaoh will not let the people go, God will fetch them out with a high hand. They shall come from all the remote parts, from sea to sea and from mountain to mountain, not turning back for fear of your discouragements, but they shall go from strength to strength till they come to Zion. Thus in the great day of redemption God will gather his elect from the four winds.

Historical interpretation

Fourteen Centuries of Reception

2 surviving comments on this verse. Each one is dated, so this reads as a timeline rather than a list.

2 quotes · AD 420–1781
Post-NiceneEarly MedievalMedieval
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d. AD 420JeromePost-NiceneSourceCommentary on Micah
(Verse 8 onwards) Do not rejoice, my enemy, over me, for I have fallen: I will rise again. When I sit in darkness, the Lord is my light: I will bear the anger of the Lord, because I have sinned against him, until he judges my cause and executes judgment for me, and brings me into the light, and I will see his righteousness, and my enemy will behold it, and she will be covered with shame, who says to me: Where is your God? My eyes will see her; now she will be trampled as the mud of the streets. The day will come when your walls will be rebuilt. On that day the law will go forth afar off: on that day it will come even to you from Assyria, and even to fortified cities, and from fortified cities even to the river, and from the river even to the sea, and from the sea even to the mountain. And the land will be a desolation because of its inhabitants, and because of the fruit of their thoughts. LXX: Do not insult me, my enemy: for I have fallen, and I will rise again: if I walk in darkness, the Lord will enlighten me. I will bear the anger of the Lord, for I have sinned against Him, until He pleads my cause and executes judgment for me. He will bring me out to the light, and I will see His righteousness. My enemy will see this and be covered with shame, the one who said to me, 'Where is your God?' My eyes will see her; at that time she will be trampled down like mud in the streets. The day of your punishment has come, O Assyria; the time has come for your destruction. The Lord will abolish your power and authority. Your cities will be laid waste, from Tyre to the river, from sea to sea, and from mountain to mountain. The land and its inhabitants will be scattered because of their wickedness. It seems to me that in the literal sense, Jerusalem speaks against Babylon and the other nations that had insulted it: Do not rejoice in my downfall, for with the mercy of the Lord, I will rise again. After I have sat in captivity, He will bring me out of darkness, and He will be my light. I will endure the wrath of the Lord, for I know that I deserve what I have suffered, until I take vengeance upon the nations, and my judgment is fulfilled. I know that He will bring me into the light, and I will see His justice, and Babylon, my enemy, and the other nations around will be covered in shame, those who now mockingly say: Where is your God, O Lord? My eyes will see her, not long after time, but now and in the present trampled, as if the mud of the streets. Thus far Jerusalem, or rather the prophet speaking on behalf of the people: Now God is brought in responding to Jerusalem: O Jerusalem, the days have come for your walls to be rebuilt, which were destroyed by the Babylonian devastator. On that day a law will be established, or rather an ordinance and command, as interpreted by Symmachus and Theodotion, saying, ἐπιταγὴν καὶ πρόσταγμα; and the meaning is: You will no longer be subject to the rule of the Babylonians, on that day when your walls are rebuilt, people will come to you from Assyria and fortified cities: from the fortified cities, I say, as far as the Jordan, which the people crossed over before, and from the Red Sea, and from all the nations as far as the Dead Sea, which is near your land, and to Mount Zion, from the mountains of Persia and Media, where they were previously taken; and the land will be a remnant of the Chaldeans and those who laid you waste, because of their inhabitants and their wicked deeds. The Jews promise themselves this until today, and in that place where we exposed ourselves: On that day the law will be far-reaching, as it seems to us, and as their wiser ones argue, some frivolously lie and say: On that day, when the walls of Jerusalem were built by Christ, the holy Scriptures of the Law and the Prophets, which are now held by us, will be taken from our hands and given to the Jewish people. For what is said according to the Septuagint, 'a day of smoothing out the edge, your erasure,' is not understood to be in Jerusalem, as we have explained according to the Hebrew; but we understand it to be said even now to Babylon, for it too must be erased and trampled upon like an edge. And that legitimate day will repel, not the legitimate day of God, but the legitimate day that you, Babylon, commanded to be observed against the law of God. And your cities will come to an end, or to division, as the Assyrians fight against you (for Babylon was a city of the Chaldeans, not of the Assyrians). And your fortified cities will be divided by the hostile army, from Tyre to the Tigris River, which you encircle, and from the Great Sea to the Red Sea, which touches your regions as they travel from the side to India. And from mountain to mountain: from the mountains of Judea to the mountains of Media and Persia, all of Mesopotamia and the entire region that is now held by you in the middle, will be subjugated by the empire of the enemies. And the land will be in desolation because of the evil fruits of your studies. Where the Seventy were interpreted, let us know about Tyre, it is written in Hebrew, Masor, (): which word, if it is divided into the preposition Ma and the name Sor, is understood about Tyre; but if it is one word, it signifies a stronghold. Finally, they transferred everything, the territory, the enclosure, and the siege, not from Tyre, as the Septuagint says, but from the fortified city. This is in accordance with the Hebrew, and the prayers of the Israelites and the people of circumcision, as if a superfluous discourse had preceded. Now let us come to the spiritual understanding, and with the Holy Spirit himself as the interpreter, let us explore even the most difficult passages. It seems to me that every soul of Jerusalem, in which the temple of the Lord was built, and the vision of peace, and the knowledge of the Scriptures; and afterwards, having been overcome by sins, was led into captivity, and handed over to torments, speaks against Babylon, that is, the confusion of this world, and against the opposing strength that presides over this world: Do not insult me, my enemy, because I have fallen and will rise again: for the Lord raises the fallen (Ps. 144), and speaks through the prophet. Will he not rise again who falls? (Jer. VIII, 4). And: I do not desire the death of a sinner, but rather that he may be converted and live (Ezek. XXXIII, 11). But if you despise me because I suffer torments, learn from Ezekiel that punishments are inflicted first on the more holy, and it is said by the Lord: Begin with my saints (ibid., IX, 6). For even if I walk in darkness, the Lord is my light. For although the rulers of these dark spirits have deceived me, and I sit in darkness and the shadow of death, and my feet are stuck in dark mountains, nevertheless, while sitting in darkness and the shadow of death, a light has dawned, and the light shines in the darkness (Isaiah, IX, 2). And the Lord is my light and my salvation, whom shall I fear? (Psalm 27:1) And I will speak to Him, and say: Your word is a lamp to my feet, O Lord, and a light to my paths. (Psalm 119:105) For He Himself commanded me, when the darkness of this world comes: Let your loins be girded, and your lamps burning in your hands. (Luke 12:35) It follows: I will bear the wrath of the Lord, because I have sinned against Him: until He justifies my cause, and executes judgment for me, and brings me out into the light, and I shall behold His justice. Every correction for the present time does not seem to be of joy, but of sorrow, and afterwards it will yield the peaceful fruit of righteousness to those who have been trained by it. Therefore, feeling that the soul has sinned and has the wounds of sins, and lives in dead flesh, and needs cauterization, it steadfastly says to the physician: Burn my flesh, cut the wounds, constrict all the harmful humors and discharge with a harsh hellebore potion. It was my fault to be wounded; let it be my pain to endure so many torments, so that afterwards I may receive healing. And the true physician shows the cause of the medicine to the one who is already safe and secure, and teaches that he has done rightly what he did. Finally, after torture and punishments, the soul is brought out from the outer darkness, and with the last coin restored, it says: I will see his justice, and I will speak: Your judgments are justified, O God. But if Christ has become for us from God wisdom, and justice, and sanctification, and redemption (1 Cor. 1): he who says he sees the justice after the wrath of God, promises to himself the sight of Christ. And this, however, is only about penitents. However, it is much better to not have wounds and not need a doctor. Healing is not the happiness of the healed, but rather the consolation after pain. Therefore, someone who has been healed should be careful not to sin again, lest something worse happen to them again. We read in Leviticus (Lev. 13), if indeed we read with open eyes, that the covering prescribed in the Law does not exclude the view of the inner eye; in fact, leprosy is accustomed to develop in a vesicle and scar from a burn, and to change the color of the hair, and to add a new deformity to the previous disfigurement of the scar. For this reason, so that no one is secure about repentance, because after sin he can say: I will endure the wrath of God because I have sinned against Him, until he justifies my cause, let him sin and need a cautery, and when he is healed, let him be wounded again. But when the Lord brings us into the light, and we see His justice, then our enemy Babylon will see and be covered in confusion, those who previously spoke against us: Where is your God? thinking that Jerusalem cannot be healed after wounds. And our eyes will look upon her, and she will become trampled like the mud of the streets. And because the end of all punishments is the beginning of good things, and pain leads to healing, bricks will be made from her mud, and her destruction will become the formation of bricks. And on that day, the old errors will be cast aside, and the cities that were poorly fortified will come to an end, whether in unity or in division, and they will be separated from the Assyrians; and from Tyre, which means 'confinement', that is, narrowness, other strengths will arise, and there will be discord even among those who delight in the corruption of this world, and they will generate desires in people. And from sea to sea, and from mountain to mountain, wars will arise against one another, so that bitterness may fight against bitterness, and a lofty pride may fight against another height, and then it will truly be fulfilled: 'Come, let us go down and confuse their languages, so that each one may not understand the voice of their neighbor' (Gen. XI, 7), for it is profitable indeed for the worst strengths not to have harmony among themselves. And when Satan is divided against Satan, then at last his entire kingdom will be destroyed. And what often happens in great armies, that after the tyrant is slain, his followers divide his kingdom among themselves, rise against each other, and there is civil war among them: this will also happen at the end of the world, when the walls of Jerusalem are built and Babylon falls, and the Assyrians and Tyrians from the river, and from the sea, and from the mountains, that is, all the demon nations will fight among themselves, and with their kingdom destroyed, the kingdom of the Lord Jesus will come, and every knee will bow, of those in heaven, on earth, and under the earth, and every tongue will confess that Jesus is Lord, to the glory of God the Father. But so that you may know that the outcome of this rebellion is advantageous, the land of Babylon will be brought to ruin along with all its inhabitants, and the Babylonians will not bear fruit.
Source: Quotations drawn from early Church Fathers and historical Christian theologians (AD 100–1500). Some quotes address the surrounding passage context rather than this verse alone.

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