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Public-domain commentary
Matthew Henry
From his Commentary on the Whole Bible. Henry comments on passages, not single verses — this entry covers Mark 7:31–37. His three-level outline is real structure in the source text, so it is rendered as structure.
Our Lord Jesus seldom staid long in a place, for he knew where his work lay, and attended the changes of it. When he had cured the woman of Canaan's daughter, he had done what he had to do in that place, and therefore presently left those parts, and returned to the sea of Galilee, whereabout his usual residence was; yet he did not come directly thither, but fetched a compass through the midst of the coasts of Decapolis, which lay mostly on the other side Jordan; such long walks did our Lord Jesus take, when he went about doing good.
Now here we have the story of a cure that Christ wrought, which is not recorded by any other of the evangelists; it is of one that was deaf and dumb.
I.His case was sad, Mar 7:32.
There were those that brought to him one that was deaf; some think, born deaf, and then he must be dumb of course; others think that by some distemper or disaster he was become deaf, or, at least, thick of hearing; and he had an impediment in his speech. He was mogilalos; some think that he was quite dumb; others, that he could not speak but with great difficulty to himself, and so as scarcely to be understood by those that heard him. He was tongue-tied, so that he was perfectly unfit for conversation, and deprived both of the pleasure and of the profit of it; he had not the satisfaction either of hearing other people talk, or of telling his own mind. Let us take occasion from hence to give thanks to God for preserving to us the sense of hearing, especially that we may be capable of hearing the word of God; and the faculty of speech, especially that we may be capable of speaking God's praises; and let us look with compassion upon those that are deaf or dumb, and treat them with great tenderness. They that brought this poor man to Christ, besought him that he would put his hand upon him, as the prophets did upon those whom they blessed in the name of the Lord. It is not said, They besought him to cure him, but to put his hand upon him, to take cognizance of his case, and put forth his power to do to him as he pleased.
II.His cure was solemn, and some of the circumstances of it were singular.
1.Christ took him aside from the multitude, Mar 7:33. Ordinarily, he wrought his miracles publicly before all the people, to show that they would bear the strictest scrutiny and inspection; but this he did privately, to show that he did not seek his own glory, and to teach us to avoid every thing that savours of ostentation. Let us learn of Christ to be humble, and to do good where no eye sees, but his that is all eye.
2.He used more significant actions, in the doing of this cure, than usual.
(1.)He put his fingers into his ears, as if he would syringe them, and fetch out that which stopped them up.
(2.)He spit upon his own finger, and then touched his tongue, as if he would moisten his mouth, and so loosen that with which his tongue was tied; these were no causes that could in the least contribute to his cure, but only signs of the exerting of that power which Christ had in himself to cure him, for the encouraging of his faith, and theirs that brought him. The application was all from himself, it was his own fingers that he put into his ears, and his own spittle that he put upon his tongue; for he alone heals.
3.He looked up to heaven, to give his Father the praise of what he did; for he sought his praise, and did his will, and, as Mediator, acted in dependence on him, and with an eye to him. Thus he signified that it was by a divine power, a power her had as the Lord from heaven, and brought with him thence, that he did this; for the hearing ear and the seeing eye the Lord has made, and can remake even both of them. He also hereby directed his patient who could see, though he could not hear, to look up to heaven for relief. Moses with his stammering tongue is directed to look that way (Exo 4:11); Who hath made man's mouth? Or who maketh the dumb or deaf, or the seeing or the blind? Have not I the Lord?
4.He sighed; not as if he found any difficulty in working this miracle, or obtaining power to do it from his father; but thus he expressed his pity for the miseries of human life, and his sympathy with the afflicted in their afflictions, as one that was himself touched with the feeling of their infirmities. And as to this man, he sighed, not because he was loth to do him this kindness, or did it with reluctancy; but because of the many temptations which he would be exposed to, and the sins he would be in danger of, the tongue-sins, after the restoring of his speech to him, which before he was free from. He had better be tongue-tied still, unless he have grace to keep his mouth as with a bridle, Psa 39:1.
5.He said, Ephphatha; that is, Be opened. This was nothing that looked like spell or charm, such as they used, who had familiar spirits, who peeped and muttered, Isa 8:19. Christ speaks as one having authority, and power went along with the word. Be opened, served both parts of the cure; "Let the ears be opened, let the lips be opened, let him hear and speak freely, and let the restraint be taken off;" and the effect was answerable (Mar 7:35); Straightway his ears were opened, and the string of his tongue was loosed, and all was well: and happy he who, as soon as he had his hearing and speech, had the blessed Jesus so near him to converse with.
Now this cure was, (1.) A proof of Christ's being the Messiah; for it was foretold that by his power the ears of the deaf should be unstopped, and the tongue of the dumb should be made to sing, Isa 35:5, Isa 35:6. (2.) It was a specimen of the operations of his gospel upon the minds of men. The great command of the gospel, and grace of Christ to poor sinners, is Ephphatha - Be opened. Grotius applies it thus, that the internal impediments of the mind are removed by the Spirit of Christ, as those bodily impediments were by the word of his power. He opens the heart, as he did Lydia's, and thereby opens the ear to receive the word of God, and opens the mouth in prayer and praises.
6.He ordered it to be kept very private, but it was made very public (1.) It was his humility, that he charged them they should tell no man, Mar 7:36. Most men will proclaim their own goodness, or, at least, desire that others should proclaim it; but Christ, though he was himself in no danger of being puffed up with it, knowing that we are, would thus set us an example of self-denial, as in other things, so especially in praise and applause. We should take pleasure in doing good, but not in its being known. (2.) It was their zeal, that, though he charged them to say nothing of it, yet they published it, before Christ would have had it published. But they meant honestly, and therefore it is to be reckoned rather an act of indiscretion than an act of disobedience, Mar 7:36. But they that told it, and they that heard it, were beyond measure astonished, huperperissōs - more than above measure; they were exceedingly affected with it, and this was said by every body, it was the common verdict, He hath done all things well (Mar 7:37); whereas there were those that hated and persecuted him as an evil-doer, they are ready to witness for him, not only that he has done no evil, but that he has done a great deal of good, and has done it well, modestly and humbly, and very devoutly, and all gratis, without money and without price, which added much to the lustre of his good works. He maketh both the deaf to hear, and the dumb to speak; and that is well, it is well for them, it is well for their relations, to whom they had been a burthen; and therefore they are inexcusable who speak ill of him.
Historical interpretation
Eight Centuries of Reception
6 surviving comments on this verse. Each one is dated, so this reads as a timeline rather than a list.
Select a marker to jump to its quote. Markers stagger vertically where authors wrote within a few decades of each other.
A city, however, placed on a hill cannot be hid, and lowliness always comes before glory. Wherefore it goes on, But the more he charged them, so much the more a great deal they published it.
Mystically, Tyre is interpreted narrowness, and signifies Judæa, to which the Lord said, (v. Isa. 28:20) "For the bed is grown too narrow," and from which he turns himself to the Gentiles. Sidon means 'hunting,' for our race is like an untamed beast, and 'sea,' which means a wavering inconstancy. Again, the Saviour comes to save the Gentiles in the midst of the coasts of Decapolis, which may be interpreted, as the commands of the Decalogue. Further, the human race throughout its many members is reckoned as one man, eaten up by varying pestilence, in the first created man; it is blinded, that is, its eye is evil; it becomes deaf, when it listens to, and dumb when it speaks, evil. And they prayed Him to lay His hand upon him, because many just men, and patriarchs, wished and longed for the time when the Lord should come in the flesh.
Further, he who obtains healing is always drawn aside from turbulent thoughts, disorderly actions, and incoherent speeches. And the fingers which are put into the ears are the words and the gifts of the Holy Ghost, of whom it is said, This is the finger of God. (Exod. 8:19) The spittle is heavenly wisdom, which loosens the sealed lips of the human race, so that it can say, I believe in God, the Father Almighty, and the rest of the Creed. And looking up to heaven, he groaned, (Cf. Mat. 12:20. Luke 11:20) that is, He taught us to groan, and to raise up the treasures of our hearts to the heavens; because by the groaning of hearty compunction, the silly joy of the flesh is purged away. But the ears are opened to hymns, and songs, and psalms; and He looses the tongue, that it may pour forth the good word, which neither threats nor stripes can restrain.
(Vict. Ant. e Cat. in Marc.) He takes the deaf and dumb man who was brought to Him apart from the crowd, that He might not do His divine miracles openly; teaching us to cast away vain glory and swelling of heart, for no one can work miracles as he can, who loves humility and is lowly in his conduct. But He puts His fingers into his ears, when He might have cured him with a word, to show that His body, being united to Deity, was consecrated by Divine virtue, with all that He did. For since on account of the transgression of Adam, human nature had incurred much suffering and hurt in its members and senses, Christ coming into the world showed the perfection of human nature in Himself, and on this account opened ears with His fingers, and gave the power of speech by His spittle. Wherefore it goes on, And spit, and touched his tongue.
(Vict. Ant. e Cat. in Marc.) He at the same time also groaned, as taking our cause upon Himself, and pitying human nature, seeing the misery into which it had fallen.
(Vict. Ant. e Cat. in Marc.) By which He has taught us not to boast in our powers, but in the cross and humiliation. He also bade them conceal the miracle, lest He should excite the Jews by envy to kill Him before the time.
And they bring to him a deaf and mute man; and they begged him to lay his hand on him. The deaf and mute man is one who neither has ears for hearing the words of God, nor opens his mouth for speaking, such as those who have already learned to speak and hear the divine words through long practice must needs be offered to the Lord for healing, so that those whom human frailty cannot heal, he himself by the right hand of his grace may save.
(in Marc. 2, 31) Decapolis is a region of ten cities, across the Jordan, to the east, over against Galilee.c When therefore it is said that the Lord came to the sea of Galilee, through the midst of the borders of Decapolis, it does not mean that He entered the confines of Decapolis themselves; for He is not said to have crossed the sea, but rather to have come to the borders of the sea, and to have reached quite up to the place, which was opposite to the midst of the coasts of Decapolis, which were situated at a distance across the sea. It goes on, And they bring him one that was deaf and dumb, and they besought him to lay hands upon him.
(ubi sup.) He looked up to heaven, that He might teach us that thence is to be procured speech for the dumb, hearing for the deaf, health for all who are sick. And He sighed, not that it was necessary for Him to beg any thing from His Father with groaning, for He, together with the Father, gives all things to them who ask, but that He might give us an example of sighing, when for our own errors and those of our neighbours, we invoke the guardianship of the Divine mercy.
(ubi sup.) But that which He says, Ephphatha, that is, Be opened, belongs properly to the ears, for the ears are to be opened for hearing, but the tongue to be loosed from the bonds of its impediment, that it may be able to speak. Wherefore it goes on, And straightway his ears were opened, and the string of his tongue was loosed, and he spake plain. Where each nature of one and the same Christ is manifestly distinct, looking up indeed into Heaven as man, praying unto God, He groaned, but presently with one word, as being strong in the Divine Majesty, He healed. It goes on, And he charged them that they should tell no man.
(ubi sup.) Or he is deaf and dumb, who neither has ears to hear the words of God, nor opens his mouth to speak them, and such must be presented to the Lord for healing, by men who have already learned to hear and speak the divine oracles.
The soul of each of us also, when he falls into sin, becomes a woman; and this soul has a daughter who is sick, that is, evil actions; this daughter again has a devil, for evil actions arise from devils. Again, sinners are called dogs, being filled with uncleanness. For which reason we are not worthy to receive the bread of God, or to be made partakers of the immaculate mysteries of God; if however in humility, knowing ourselves to be dogs, we confess our sins, then the daughter, that is, our evil life, shall be healed.
The Lord did not wish to stay in the parts of the Gentiles, lest He should give the Jews occasion to say, that they esteemed Him a transgressor of the law, because He held communion with the Gentiles, and therefore He immediately returns; wherefore it is said, And again departing from the coasts of Tyre, he came through Sidon, to the sea of Galilee, through the midst of the borders of Decapolis.
Which is rightly placed after the deliverance of one possessed with a devil, for such an instance of suffering came from the devil. There follows, And he took him aside from the multitude, and put his fingers into his ears.
That He might show that all the members of His sacred body are divine and holy, even the spittle which loosed the string of the tongue. For the spittle is only the superfluous moisture of the body, but in the Lord all things are divine. It goes on, And looking up to heaven, he groaned, and saith unto him, Ephphatha, that is, Be opened.
By this we are taught, when we confer benefits on any, by no means to seek for applause and praise; but when we have received benefits, to proclaim and praise our benefactors, even though they be unwilling.
(non occ.) From the preaching however of those who were healed by Christ, the wonder of the multitude, and their praise of the benefits of Christ, increased. Wherefore it goes on, And they were beyond measure astonished, saying, He hath done all things well; he maketh the deaf to hear, and the dumb to speak.
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Summary
Mark 7:32 presents a poignant scene where a man who is both deaf and has a significant speech impediment is brought to Jesus by compassionate individuals in the predominantly Gentile region of Decapolis. Their earnest plea for Jesus to lay His hand upon the man underscores their profound faith in His healing power and their understanding of His compassionate ministry, which extends beyond traditional boundaries to bring wholeness to the marginalized.
Context
Literary Context
This verse is situated within a significant section of Mark's Gospel that highlights Jesus' expanding ministry and His ongoing conflict with religious authorities. Immediately prior, Jesus engages in a discourse with the Pharisees and scribes concerning defilement, emphasizing that true defilement comes from within the heart, not from external traditions (Mark 7:1-23). Following this, Jesus travels to the region of Tyre and Sidon, where He encounters and heals the daughter of a Syrophoenician woman, demonstrating His willingness to minister to Gentiles and affirming the power of persistent faith (Mark 7:24-30). The healing in Mark 7:32, occurring in the Decapolis, continues this theme of Jesus' ministry reaching beyond Jewish borders, showcasing His universal compassion and the breaking down of ethnic barriers in the kingdom of God.
Historical & Cultural Context
The Decapolis was a region of ten Hellenistic (Greek-speaking) cities located primarily east of the Jordan River. It was predominantly Gentile, distinct from the Jewish heartland of Galilee and Judea. In Jewish culture, physical ailments, especially those affecting senses like hearing and speech, were sometimes associated with sin or divine judgment, leading to social marginalization. However, the Old Testament also contained prophecies of the Messiah opening the eyes of the blind and the ears of the deaf (Isaiah 35:5-6). The people bringing the man to Jesus in this Gentile region signifies a remarkable openness to Jesus' ministry and a deep trust in His power, perhaps influenced by earlier reports of His miracles in the area (Mark 5:20).
Key Themes
This verse powerfully contributes to several key themes in Mark's Gospel. Firstly, it emphasizes Jesus' compassionate healing power, demonstrating His divine authority over physical infirmity and His profound empathy for human suffering. His miracles are not mere displays of power but acts of love that restore dignity and wholeness. Secondly, the verse highlights the faith of others; the act of "they bring unto him" underscores the active role of the community in seeking Jesus' intervention on behalf of the afflicted, mirroring other instances where the faith of intercessors leads to healing (Mark 2:3-5). Lastly, it reinforces the theme of Jesus' ministry to the marginalized, as He consistently reaches out to those on the fringes of society—the sick, the disabled, and in this instance, a Gentile in a Gentile region—affirming the inclusive nature of His kingdom.
Exposition and Analysis
Key Word Analysis
This word, derived from a root meaning "blunted," refers to someone who is unable to hear. In ancient contexts, deafness often led to muteness or severe speech impediments because the individual could not learn to speak by imitation. The term can also figuratively refer to being "dumb" or "speechless," encompassing both aspects of the man's condition in Mark 7:32.
This unique term, a compound of "hardly" or "with difficulty" and "to speak," precisely describes someone who speaks with great difficulty, a stammerer, or one whose speech is unclear and indistinct. It is distinct from being completely mute, indicating a struggle to articulate words rather than an inability to produce sound. Its use in the Septuagint (Isaiah 35:6) in a messianic prophecy context is significant.
This verb means "to impose" or "to lay upon," often with the sense of placing a hand on someone for a specific purpose. In the context of healing, it signifies a direct, personal, and often intimate act of transferring power or blessing. The request for Jesus to "put his hand upon him" reflects a common understanding of His healing methodology and a belief in the efficacy of His touch.
Verse Breakdown
"And they bring unto him one that was deaf"
This opening clause immediately establishes the compassionate initiative of the community. The "they" refers to the people in the Decapolis region who recognize the man's profound need and Jesus' unique ability to help. The man's deafness is presented as his primary affliction, a condition that would have severely limited his participation in society and communication with others.
"and had an impediment in his speech"
This second part of the description specifies the additional challenge faced by the man. His speech impediment is likely a direct consequence of his deafness, as he would not have been able to hear and therefore learn to articulate words clearly. This dual affliction highlights the severity of his condition and the depth of his isolation.
"and they beseech him to put his hand upon him"
The people's earnest request reveals their faith and their understanding of Jesus' healing methods. "Beseech" (Greek, parakaléō) implies a strong plea or earnest entreaty. The specific request to "put his hand upon him" indicates a belief that Jesus' physical touch was a conduit for His healing power, a common practice in ancient healing traditions and one often employed by Jesus Himself.
Literary Devices
Mark's narrative in this verse employs several effective literary devices. The immediate presentation of the man's dual affliction—Contrast between his inability to hear and speak and the expectation of Jesus' powerful intervention. The act of "they bring unto him" serves as a form of Intercession, highlighting the communal aspect of faith and compassion, where others act on behalf of the afflicted. The request to "put his hand upon him" is a recurring Motif in Mark's Gospel, signifying Jesus' personal and direct engagement in healing, often preceding a miraculous restoration. Furthermore, the man's condition and subsequent healing can be seen as Symbolism for spiritual deafness and the inability to articulate faith, which Jesus also addresses in His ministry, opening people's spiritual ears and mouths.
Theological and Thematic Connections
This passage profoundly connects to the Old Testament prophecies of the Messiah, particularly those found in Isaiah, which speak of a time when the physically impaired will be restored. The healing of the deaf and speech-impaired man directly fulfills the promise that "the ears of the deaf shall be unstopped, and the tongue of the dumb sing" (Isaiah 35:5-6). This miracle underscores Jesus' identity as the promised Messiah, demonstrating His divine authority and His compassionate mission to reverse the effects of the Fall. It also highlights the inclusive nature of God's kingdom, extending healing and hope to all, regardless of their background or previous marginalization.
Reflection and Application
Mark 7:32 serves as a powerful reminder of Jesus' profound compassion and His active desire to bring wholeness to those suffering. It challenges believers today to cultivate a similar empathy for the marginalized and afflicted in our own communities, whether their struggles are physical, emotional, or spiritual. Just as the people brought the man to Jesus, we are called to be intercessors, actively bringing the needs of others before Christ in prayer and practical service. This verse encourages us to recognize that Jesus cares deeply for every individual, especially those who feel overlooked, isolated, or burdened by their struggles. His power remains active, capable of bringing transformation and wholeness to every aspect of life, reminding us that no condition is beyond His reach.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
Why did the people ask Jesus to "put his hand upon him" specifically?
The request for Jesus to "put his hand upon him" was a common and significant gesture in ancient healing practices, both within Jewish tradition and in the broader ancient world. It symbolized the transfer of power, blessing, or authority. For the people bringing the man, it likely reflected their observation of Jesus' previous healing methods (e.g., Mark 1:41, Mark 6:5) and their belief that His physical touch was a conduit for His divine healing power. It was a direct, personal, and tangible expression of their faith in His ability to restore the man's senses.
Christ-Centered Fulfillment
The healing of the deaf and speech-impaired man in Mark 7:32 is a powerful demonstration of Jesus' messianic identity and His redemptive work, pointing forward to the ultimate spiritual restoration He offers. Just as Jesus physically opened the ears and loosened the tongue of this man, He came to open the spiritual ears of humanity, enabling us to hear the truth of God's Word (John 8:47) and to speak His praises. Through His atoning work on the cross, Jesus addresses the deepest human impediments—the deafness of sin that prevents us from hearing God's call and the spiritual muteness that hinders us from confessing Him and proclaiming His goodness. His resurrection and the outpouring of the Holy Spirit empower believers to hear and obey God's voice, and to boldly declare the Gospel, fulfilling the prophecy that "the tongue of the dumb sing" in a new, spiritual sense (Acts 2:4). Jesus, the Word made flesh, restores not only physical senses but also our capacity for communion with God, transforming us into those who can truly hear and speak His truth.