Judges 21:3

Judges 21:3 captures a profound moment of lament and realization among the Israelite leaders after a devastating civil war against the tribe of Benjamin. This verse reflects the immediate aftermath of a series of tragic events, highlighting the deep sorrow and confusion over the near annihilation of one of the twelve tribes of Israel.

Context

This verse is found at the conclusion of the Book of Judges, a period marked by moral decline and a lack of central authority, famously summarized by the phrase "every man did that which was right in his own eyes." The events leading to this lament begin with the horrific incident involving the Levite's concubine in Gibeah (Judges 19), which escalated into an all-out civil war between the other eleven tribes and the tribe of Benjamin (Judges 20). The other tribes had sworn a solemn oath not to give their daughters in marriage to any Benjamite, a vow that now threatened the very existence of the tribe. Having nearly wiped out Benjamin, the remaining Israelites are confronted with the devastating consequence: the potential loss of one of the foundational twelve tribes, undermining the integrity and strength of the entire nation. This lament follows their initial weeping before the Lord in Judges 21:2.

Key Themes

• The Dire Consequences of Unrighteousness and Hasty Decisions: The entire tragic narrative, from the initial sin in Gibeah to the brutal civil war and the subsequent oath, demonstrates how human sin and ill-conceived vows lead to devastating and unforeseen outcomes. The lament here is a direct result of their own actions and failures, serving as a stark reminder of the wages of sin.
• The Importance of Tribal Unity and National Identity: The question, "why is this come to pass in Israel, that there should be to day one tribe lacking in Israel?" underscores the deep value placed on the completeness of the twelve tribes. Losing a tribe was seen as a severe blow to Israel's identity as God's chosen nation, reflecting a broken covenant relationship and a fractured people. This longing for unity foreshadows later calls for harmony within God's people.
• A Glimmer of Seeking God Amidst Despair: Despite their profound failures and self-inflicted wounds, the leaders turn to "O LORD God of Israel" in their distress. This act of lament and inquiry, though late, indicates a recognition of God's ultimate sovereignty and a desperate search for meaning and a solution to their self-made crisis.

Linguistic Insights

The address "O LORD God of Israel" (Hebrew: יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, Yahweh Elohei Yisrael) is significant. Yahweh (LORD) refers to God's covenant name, emphasizing His personal relationship with Israel, while Elohim (God) points to His power and creative authority. By invoking this name, the Israelites acknowledge their covenant relationship with God, even as they grapple with the consequences of their disobedience and the near-destruction of one of their own. The phrase "one tribe lacking" (חָסֵר שֵׁבֶט אֶחָד, chaser shevet echad) poignantly expresses the incompleteness and deep loss felt by the nation, highlighting the existential threat to Israel's future.

Practical Application

Judges 21:3 offers several timeless lessons for believers today:

• Consider the Long-Term Consequences: Our decisions, especially those made in anger or haste, can have far-reaching and unintended negative consequences, both for ourselves and for the wider community. This narrative serves as a powerful reminder to seek wisdom and divine guidance before acting, as seen in the consequences of their oath not to give daughters to Benjamin.
• Value Unity and Reconciliation: The lament over the "lacking tribe" highlights the importance of unity within any community, especially the body of believers. Divisions and conflicts can severely weaken and diminish the whole. Scripture consistently calls for preserving the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace.
• Turn to God in Crisis: Even when we face the dire consequences of our own making, this verse shows that it is never too late to turn to God in lament, confession, and a desperate plea for understanding and intervention. He remains the "God of Israel," faithful to His covenant people, even when they are unfaithful. This turning point can be a step towards healing and restoration.