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“Job Resolves to Complain Bitterly”· Job 7:11–16
Translation
King James Version
When I say, My bed shall comfort me, my couch shall ease my complaint;
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KJV (with Strong's)
When I say H559, My bed H6210 shall comfort H5162 me, my couch H4904 shall ease H5375 my complaint H7879;
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Complete Jewish Bible
When I think that my bed will comfort me, that my couch will relieve my complaint,
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Berean Standard Bible
When I think my bed will comfort me and my couch will ease my complaint,
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American Standard Version
When I say, My bed shall comfort me, My couch shall ease my complaint;
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World English Bible Messianic
When I say, ‘My bed shall comfort me. My couch shall ease my complaint;’
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Geneva Bible (1599)
When I say, My couch shall relieue me, and my bed shall bring comfort in my meditation,
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Young's Literal Translation
When I said, `My bed doth comfort me,' He taketh away in my talking my couch.
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Study This Verse

Summary

Job 7:13 poignantly captures the profound depths of Job's suffering, revealing his desperate hope that even the most fundamental sources of earthly comfort—his bed and couch—might offer some respite from his relentless physical and emotional torment. This verse encapsulates Job's yearning for a momentary reprieve, a space where his overwhelming complaint might subside, only to underscore the tragic reality that even this intimate sanctuary fails to provide any solace. It powerfully illustrates the inadequacy of worldly remedies to alleviate deep spiritual and existential agony, highlighting the pervasive nature of Job's despair and the elusiveness of true comfort in his desolate state.

Context

Literary Context

Job 7 is a pivotal and deeply emotional lament within the book of Job, following the initial cycle of dialogue between Job and his three friends. Having endured catastrophic losses—his children, wealth, and health—Job transitions from a posture of initial resignation and worship (as seen in Job 1 and Job 2) to one of raw, vocal anguish. This chapter marks the beginning of Job's direct and impassioned complaints to God, expressing his profound weariness with life, his terrifying nightmares, and his overwhelming sense of being relentlessly pursued by divine affliction. Verse 13 specifically occurs as Job articulates his desperate search for any form of relief, even in the expected sanctuary of his bed, only to find it denied. This personal lament sets the stage for the escalating theological debate with his friends, who continue to misinterpret his suffering through a rigid, retributive theology.

Historical & Cultural Context

In the ancient Near East, the bed or couch (represented by Hebrew terms like ʻeres and mishkâb in this verse) was far more than just a place for sleep; it was a symbol of rest, recuperation, intimacy, and personal sanctuary. For the sick or suffering, it was the primary expected place of healing and comfort. The act of lying down was universally associated with finding peace and relief from the day's burdens and bodily pains. Job's expectation that his bed would "comfort" and "ease his complaint" reflects this common cultural understanding of the bed as a haven. His lament that even this most personal and anticipated source of solace fails him underscores the extraordinary depth of his affliction, suggesting a suffering so profound that it transcends conventional human experience and defies natural remedies. His complaint also aligns with the broader tradition of lament literature, common in the ANE, where individuals expressed profound distress and appealed to the divine in times of overwhelming hardship, a tradition also seen in the Psalms of lament.

Key Themes

Job 7:13 contributes significantly to several overarching themes in the book of Job. Firstly, it powerfully illustrates the elusiveness of earthly comfort in the face of profound suffering, challenging the human tendency to seek ultimate solace in physical or material means. Job's experience highlights that created things, no matter how comforting in normal circumstances, are utterly insufficient to address the deepest pains of the human soul. Secondly, it underscores the theme of profound despair and the limits of human endurance, as Job's agony is so pervasive that even basic rest is denied him, echoing the cries of other sufferers in the biblical tradition, such as those found in Psalm 6:6. Thirdly, it subtly points to the sovereignty of God over all aspects of life, including sleep and rest, implying that even these fundamental human needs are subject to His will, and in Job's case, His permissive will in his suffering. This verse also foreshadows the ultimate need for a transcendent source of comfort, a theme explored later in the book and throughout the wisdom literature, such as in Proverbs 3:24.

Exposition and Analysis

Key Word Analysis

comfort nâcham' H5162

This verb (H5162) carries a rich semantic range, including "to sigh," "to lament," "to console," "to pity," or "to find relief." In Job 7:13, Job longs for his bed to bring him a deep, internal sigh of relief, a soothing of his tormented soul. It implies not just physical ease but a psychological and emotional consolation that would alleviate his profound distress. The choice of this word underscores the depth of his desire for inner peace amidst his outward suffering, a desire for his spirit to be quieted.

ease nâsâʼ' H5375

The verb (H5375) means "to lift," "to bear," or "to carry away." When Job wishes his couch to "ease his complaint," he desires for his intense, vocalized suffering to be lifted or carried away. He yearns for the burden of his "complaint" to be removed, for the weight of his agony to be taken off him. This word emphasizes the heavy, oppressive nature of his pain, which he hopes his couch might somehow bear for him, providing a literal lightening of his burden.

complaint sîyach' H7879

This noun (H7879) denotes "a contemplation," "an utterance," "babbling," "communication," "meditation," or "prayer." In Job 7:13, "my complaint" refers to Job's deep, internal anguish, his troubled thoughts, and his vocalized lamentations. It encompasses both the inward turmoil of his mind and the outward expression of his distress. He hopes that the act of resting on his couch will cause this overwhelming burden of sorrow and grievance—his ceaseless internal dialogue and outward cries—to subside or be absorbed, allowing him a moment of quietude and peace.

Verse Breakdown

"When I say, My bed shall comfort me,"

This clause reveals Job's desperate, almost wistful, intention. He articulates a conscious decision or a deep longing, believing that the physical act of lying in his bed, a place traditionally associated with rest and recuperation, will bring him solace. The use of "my bed" emphasizes the personal and intimate nature of this anticipated comfort, highlighting his reliance on a familiar, accessible source of relief. This opening sets up a profound expectation, which the subsequent reality of his suffering will tragically negate, showcasing the futility of his earthly hope.

"my couch shall ease my complaint;"

This parallel clause reinforces the first, deepening the sense of Job's yearning for relief. "My couch" acts as a synonymous parallel to "my bed," underscoring the universal human desire for rest from affliction. "My complaint" (sîyach) refers to his deep, internal anguish, his troubled thoughts, and his vocalized lamentations. He hopes that the very act of resting on his couch will cause this overwhelming burden of sorrow and grievance to be "lifted" or "carried away," allowing him a moment of quietude and peace. The tragic irony, revealed in the verses that follow (e.g., Job 7:14), is that his nights are filled with terrifying dreams and visions, making true ease impossible.

Literary Devices

Job 7:13 employs several potent literary devices to convey the depth of Job's suffering and his desperate longing for relief. The most prominent is Irony, as the very objects designed for comfort—his bed and couch—fail to provide any solace. This inversion of expectation highlights the extraordinary nature of Job's pain, which transcends the capacity of physical rest to alleviate. There is also a subtle use of Personification, as Job attributes an active, comforting agency to his inanimate bed and couch ("shall comfort me," "shall ease my complaint"). This personification underscores his desperate longing for these objects to fulfill their intended purpose, even as they remain unresponsive to his profound need. Furthermore, the verse functions as a form of Lament, a common literary genre in the Old Testament, where the speaker expresses deep sorrow and appeals for relief, often from God. Job's personal lament here is a microcosm of the larger lament that constitutes much of the book, giving voice to the raw, unvarnished experience of human suffering. The use of Parallelism between the two clauses ("My bed shall comfort me, my couch shall ease my complaint") reinforces the singular, desperate hope for relief, emphasizing the comprehensive nature of his desire for solace from both physical and emotional distress.

Theological and Thematic Connections

Job 7:13 offers a profound theological insight into the nature of true comfort and the limitations of human remedies for spiritual and existential distress. It reveals that while physical rest and earthly comforts are good gifts, they are utterly insufficient to address the deepest pains of the human soul, especially when confronted with profound loss, injustice, or a perceived abandonment by God. Job's experience underscores the truth that ultimate solace cannot be found in created things, but only in the Creator. His inability to find peace even in his bed points to a spiritual void that only God can fill, echoing the biblical understanding that true rest and peace are ultimately divine gifts, not human achievements or material possessions. This verse thus prepares the reader for the eventual revelation of God's character as the ultimate source of comfort and restoration, and the ultimate futility of seeking ultimate comfort in anything less than Him.

Reflection and Application

Job's desperate cry in Job 7:13 resonates deeply with the universal human experience of suffering that defies easy solutions. It reminds us that there are times when our pain is so overwhelming that even the most basic and expected sources of comfort—like a peaceful night's sleep or the solace of our own home—become elusive. This verse encourages us to acknowledge the limits of our own resources and the inadequacy of worldly comforts when faced with profound grief, chronic illness, or spiritual desolation. It calls us to cultivate profound empathy for those who are suffering deeply, recognizing that their pain may not be alleviated by simple advice, superficial gestures, or even the most well-intentioned earthly remedies. Ultimately, Job's experience points us beyond the temporal and physical, urging us to seek a transcendent source of hope and comfort when all else fails. It is a powerful reminder that true peace is not merely the absence of trouble, but a deeper spiritual reality found in trusting God even when He seems distant, silent, or even adversarial.

Questions for Reflection

  1. When have you experienced a time when earthly comforts, like rest or distraction, proved inadequate to ease your deepest pain or complaint?
  2. How does Job's inability to find comfort in his bed challenge your own assumptions about where true peace and solace can ultimately be found?
  3. What does this verse teach us about the importance of empathy and compassion for those whose suffering seems to defy conventional solutions, and how might we better minister to them?

FAQ

Does Job 7:13 suggest that physical rest is unimportant or bad?

Not at all. Physical rest, including sleep and a comfortable bed, is a good and necessary gift from God for human well-being. The Bible often speaks positively about rest, as seen in the creation account of Genesis 2:2 and the wisdom of Psalm 127:2. However, Job 7:13 highlights that while physical rest is beneficial and divinely ordained, it is not a panacea for all suffering, especially profound spiritual or existential anguish. Job's experience demonstrates that there are levels of pain so deep that even the most basic physical comforts cannot penetrate or alleviate them. The verse underscores the limitations of the created order to provide ultimate comfort for a soul in deep distress, pointing instead to the need for a transcendent source of peace that goes beyond physical alleviation.

Christ-Centered Fulfillment

Job's desperate longing for comfort and ease in his bed, only to find it elusive, powerfully foreshadows the ultimate human need for a rest and solace that only Christ can provide. Job sought relief in a physical object, but his deep spiritual and physical torment could not be assuaged by anything earthly. Jesus, the true "Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world!" (John 1:29), perfectly understood and experienced the depths of human suffering, even to the point of crying out, "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?" (Matthew 27:46). Yet, through His perfect life, atoning death, and glorious resurrection, Christ offers the ultimate comfort and rest that Job so desperately craved. He invites all who are weary and burdened to come to Him, promising, "and I will give you rest" (Matthew 11:28). This is not merely physical rest, but a profound spiritual peace and security that transcends all earthly turmoil, a "peace that surpasses all understanding" (Philippians 4:7). In Christ, the longing for a bed that truly comforts and a couch that truly eases complaint finds its eternal fulfillment, as He is the one who ultimately wipes away every tear and brings an end to all pain and suffering in the new heaven and new earth (Revelation 21:4). He is the true sanctuary for the soul, providing a comfort that no bed or couch ever could.

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Public-domain commentary

Matthew Henry

From his Commentary on the Whole Bible. Henry comments on passages, not single verses — this entry covers Job 7:7–16. His three-level outline is real structure in the source text, so it is rendered as structure.

1662–1714 · 10 verses
Passage under commentJob 7:7–16
I. II. Main points1. 2. Sub-points(1.) (2.) Details

Job, observing perhaps that his friends, though they would not interrupt him in his discourse, yet began to grow weary, and not to heed much what he said, here turns to God, and speaks to him. If men will not hear us, God will; if men cannot help us, he can; for his arm is not shortened, neither is his ear heavy. Yet we must not go to school to Job here to learn how to speak to God; for, it must be confessed, there is a great mixture of passion and corruption in what he here says. But, if God be not extreme to mark what his people say amiss, let us also make the best of it. Job is here begging of God either to ease him or to end him. He here represents himself to God,

I.As a dying man, surely and speedily dying.

It is good for us, when we are sick, to think and speak of death, for sickness is sent on purpose to put us in mind of it; and, if we be duly mindful of it ourselves, we may in faith put God in mind of it, as Job does here (v. 7): O remember that my life is wind. He recommends himself to God as an object of his pity and compassion, with this consideration, that he was a very weak frail creature, his abode in this world short and uncertain, his removal out of it sure and speedy, and his return to it again impossible and never to be expected - that his life was wind, as the lives of all men are, noisy perhaps and blustering, like the wind, but vain and empty, soon gone, and, when gone, past recall. God had compassion on Israel, remembering that they were but flesh, a wind that passeth away and cometh not again, Psa 78:38, Psa 78:39. Observe,

1.The pious reflections Job makes upon his own life and death. Such plain truths as these concerning the shortness and vanity of life, the unavoidableness and irrecoverableness of death, then do us good when we think and speak of them with application to ourselves. Let us consider then,

(1.)That we must shortly take our leave of all the things that are seen, that are temporal. The eye of the body must be closed, and shall no more see good, the good which most men set their hearts upon; for their cry is, Who will make us to see good? Psa 4:6. If we be such fools as to place our happiness in visible good things, what will become of us when they shall be for ever hidden from our eyes, and we shall no more see good? Let us therefore live by that faith which is the substance and evidence of things not seen.

(2.)That we must then remove to an invisible world: The eye of him that hath here seen me shall see me no more there. It is hadēs - an unseen state, Job 7:8. Death removes our lovers and friends into darkness (Psa 88:18), and will shortly remove us out of their sight; when we go hence we shall be seen no more (Psa 39:13), but go to converse with the things that are not seen, that are eternal.

(3.)That God can easily, and in a moment, put an end to our lives, and send us to another world (Job 7:8): "Thy eyes are upon me and I am not; thou canst look me into eternity, frown me into the grave, when thou pleasest."

Shouldst thou, displeased, give me a frowning look,

I sink, I die, as if with lightning struck.

- Sir R. Blackmore

He takes away our breath, and we die; nay, he but looks on the earth and it trembles, Psa 104:29, Psa 104:30. (4.) That, when we are once removed to another world, we must never return to this. There is constant passing from this world to the other, but vestigia nulla retrorsum - there is no repassing. "Therefore, Lord, kindly ease me by death, for that will be a perpetual ease. I shall return no more to the calamities of this life." When we are dead we are gone, to return no more, [1.] From our house under ground (Job 7:9): He that goeth down to the grave shall come up no more until the general resurrection, shall come up no more to his place in this world. Dying is work that is to be done but once, and therefore it had need be well done: an error there is past retrieve. This is illustrated by the blotting out and scattering of a cloud. It is consumed and vanisheth away, is resolved into air and never knits again. Other clouds arise, but the same cloud never returns: so a new generation of the children of men is raised up, but the former generation is quite consumed and vanishes away. When we see a cloud which looks great, as if it would eclipse the sun and drawn the earth, of a sudden dispersed and disappearing, let us say, "Just such a thing is the life of man; it is a vapour that appears for a little while and then vanishes away." [2.] To return no more to our house above ground (Job 7:10): He shall return no more to his house, to the possession and enjoyment of it, to the business and delights of it. Others will take possession, and keep it till they also resign to another generation. The rich man in hell desired that Lazarus might be sent to his house, knowing it was to no purpose to ask that he might have leave to go himself. Glorified saints shall return no more to the cares, and burdens, and sorrows of their house; nor damned sinners to the gaieties and pleasures of their house. Their place shall no more know them, no more own them, have no more acquaintance with them, nor be any more under their influence. It concerns us to secure a better place when we die, for this will no more own us.

2.The passionate inference he draws from it. From these premises he might have drawn a better conclusion that this (Job 7:11): Therefore I will not refrain my mouth; I will speak; I will complain. Holy David, when he had been meditating on the frailty of human life, made a contrary use of it (Psa 39:9, I was dumb, and opened not my mouth); but Job, finding himself near expiring, hastens as much to make his complaint as if he had been to make his last will and testament or as if he could not die in peace until he had given vent to his passion. When we have but a few breaths to draw we should spend them in the holy gracious breathings of faith and prayer, not in the noisome noxious breathings of sin and corruption. Better die praying and praising than die complaining and quarrelling.

II.As a distempered man, sorely and grievously distempered both in body and mind.

In this part of his representation is he is very peevish, as if God dealt hardly with him and laid upon him more than was meet: "Am I a sea, or a whale (Job 7:12), a raging sea, that must be kept within bounds, to check its proud waves, or an unruly whale, that must be restrained by force from devouring all the fishes of the sea? Am I so strong that there needs so much ado to hold me? so boisterous that no less than all these mighty bonds of affliction will serve to tame me and keep me within compass?" We are very apt, when we are in affliction, to complain of God and his providence, as if he laid more restraints upon us that there is occasion for; whereas we are never in heaviness but when there is need, nor more than the necessity demands.

1.He complains that he could not rest in his bed, Job 7:13, Job 7:14. There we promise ourselves some repose, when we are fatigued with labour, pain, or traveling: "My bed shall comfort me, and my couch shall ease my complaint. Sleep will for a time give me some relief;" it usually does so; it is appointed for that end; many a time it has eased us, and we have awaked refreshed, and with new vigour. When it is so we have great reason to be thankful; but it was not so with poor Job: his bed, instead of comforting him, terrified him; and his couch, instead of easing his complaint, added to it; for if he dropped asleep, he was disturbed with frightful dreams, and when those awaked him still he was haunted with dreadful apparitions. This was it that made the night so unwelcome and wearisome to him as it was (Job 7:4): When shall I arise? Note, God can, when he pleases, meet us with terror even where we promise ourselves ease and repose; nay, he can make us a terror to ourselves, and, as we have often contracted guilt by the rovings of an unsanctified fancy, he can likewise, by the power of our own imagination, create us much grief, and so make that our punishment which has often been our sin. In Job's dreams, though they might partly arise from his distemper (in fevers, or small pox, when the body is all over sore, it is common for the sleep to be unquiet), yet we have reason to think Satan had a hand, for he delights to terrify those whom it is out of his reach to destroy; but Job looked up to God, who permitted Satan to do this (thou scarest me), and mistook Satan's representations for the terror of God setting themselves in array against him. We have reason to pray to God that our dreams may neither defile nor disquiet us, neither tempt us to sin nor torment us with fear, that he who keeps Israel, and neither slumbers nor sleeps, may keep us when we slumber and sleep, that the devil may not then do us a mischief, either as an insinuating serpent or as a roaring lion, and to bless God if we lie down and our sleep is sweet and we are not thus scared.

2.He covets to rest in his grave, that bed where there are no tossings to and fro, nor any frightful dreams, Job 7:15, Job 7:16.

(1.)He was sick of life, and hated the thoughts of it: "I loathe it; I have had enough of it. I would not live always, not only not live always in this condition, in pain and misery, but not live always in the most easy and prosperous condition, to be continually in danger of being thus reduced. My days are vanity at the best, empty of solid comfort, exposed to real griefs; and I would not be for ever tied to such uncertainty." Note, A good man would not (if he might) life always in this world, no, not though it smile upon him, because it is a world of sin and temptation and he has a better world in prospect.

(2.)He was fond of death, and pleased himself with the thoughts of it: his soul (his judgment, he thought, but really it was his passion) chose strangling and death rather than life; any death rather than such a life as this. Doubtless this was Job's infirmity; for though a good man would not wish to live always in this world, and would choose strangling and death rather than sin, as the martyrs did, yet he will be content to live as long as pleases God, not choose death rather than life, because life is our opportunity of glorifying God and getting ready for heaven.

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Historical interpretation

Historical Reception

2 surviving comments on this verse. Each one is dated, so this reads as a timeline rather than a list.

2 quotes · AD 604
AD 604Gregory the DialogistEarly MedievalSourceMORALS ON THE BOOK OF JOB 8.41
For in holy Scripture a “bed,” a “couch” or “litter” usually represents the heart’s secret depth. Hence, the spouse in the Song of Songs, urged by the piercing darts of holy love, speaks under the likeness of each separate soul: “By night on my bed I sought him whom my soul loves.” For “the beloved is sought by night and lying in bed,” much as the appearance of the invisible Creator is found in the chamber of the heart, apart from every image of a bodily appearing. Thus “Truth” says to those same lovers of him, “The kingdom of God is within you.” And again, “If I do not go away, the Comforter will not come.” As if it were in plain words, “If I do not withdraw my body from your gaze, I will not lead you by the Comforter, the Spirit, to the perception of the unseen.” The psalmist also states concerning the just, “The saints shall be joyful in glory, they shall rejoice upon their beds”; for when they flee the mischief of external things, they exult in safety within the recesses of their hearts. But the joy of the heart will then be complete when the fight of the flesh shall have ceased outwardly. It is as if when the wall of the house is shaken, the bed itself is disturbed. This is so as long as the flesh allures.
AD 604Gregory the DialogistEarly Medieval
41. For in Holy Writ a ‘bed,’ a ‘couch,’ or ‘litter,’ is usually taken for the secret depth of the heart. For it is hence that under the likeness of each separate soul, the Spouse, urged by the piercing darts of holy love, says in the Song of Songs, By night on my bed I sought him, whom my soul loveth. [Cant. 3, 1] For ‘by night and on the bed is the beloved sought,’ in that the appearance of the Invisible Creator, apart from every image of a bodily appearing, is found in the chamber of the heart. And hence ‘Truth’ saith to those same lovers of Him, The kingdom of God is within you. [Luke 17, 21] And again, If I go not away, the Comforter will not come. [John 16, 7] As if it were in plain words; ‘If I do not withdraw My Body from the eyes of your fixed regard, I lead you not by the Comforter, the Spirit, to the perception of the unseen.’ Hence it is said by the Psalmist of the just, The Saints shall be joyful in glory, they shall rejoice upon their beds [Ps. 149, 5]; in that when they flee the mischiefs from things without, they exult in safety within the recesses of their hearts. But the joy of the heart will then be complete, when the fight of the flesh shall have ceased without. For so long as the flesh allures, because as it were the wall of our house is shaken, even the very bed is disturbed. And hence it is rightly said by that Psalmist, Thou hast made all his bed in his sickness. [Ps. 41, 3] For when temptation of the flesh moves us, our infirmity being made to tremble disturbs even the bed of the soul. But what do we understand in this place by ‘dreams’ and ‘visions’ saving the representations of the last searching Judgment? What we already have some slight glimpse of through fear, but do not see it as it really is. Thus holy men, as we have said, ever turn back to the secret recesses of the heart, when from the world without, they either meet with successes beyond their wishes, or with adversities beyond their strength, and, wearied with their toils without, they seek as a bed, or litter, the resting-places of the heart. But whilst by certain pictures of their imagination they see how searching the judgments of God are, they are as it were disturbed in their very repose on their beds by the vision of a dream. For they behold after what sort the strict Judge cometh, Who while with the power of infinite Majesty He lights up the secret recesses of the heart, will bring back every sin before our eyes. They bethink themselves what the shame of that is, to be confounded in the sight of the whole human race, of all the Angels and the Archangels. They reflect what agony is in store after that confounding, when at one and the same time guilt shall prey upon the soul imperishably perishing, and hell fire upon the flesh unfailingly failing. When, then, the mind is shaken by so terrific a conception, what else is this but that a sad dream is presented upon the bed? Therefore let him say, When I say, My bed shall comfort me, and I shall be eased talking with myself on my couch; then Thou scarest me with dreams, and terrifiest me through visions. As if he confessed openly, saying, ‘If fleeing from external things, I turn back into the interior, and am anxious in some sort to rest upon the bed of my heart, there, whilst Thou dost set me to [A.B.D. ‘teach me’] the contemplation of Thy severity, Thou makest me to fear horribly by the mere images my foresight raises up.’ Now it is well said, And I shall be eased, talking with myself in my bed, in that when we return wearied to the silence of our hearts, as it were holding converse on our beds, we handle the secret words of thought within ourselves. But this very converse of ours is turned into dread, in that thereby there is more forcibly presented to us in imagination the view, which holds out the terrors of the Judge.
42. But lest anyone should be at pains to make out these words after the literal sense, it is of great importance to find out in how many ways the mind is affected by images from dreams. For sometimes dreams are engendered of fulness or emptiness of the belly, sometimes of illusion, sometimes of illusion and thought combined, sometimes of revelation, while sometimes they are engendered of imagination, thought, and revelation together. Now the two which we have named first, we all know by experience, while the four subjoined we find in the pages of Holy Writ. For except dreams were very frequently caused to come in illusion by our secret enemy, the Wise Man would never have pointed this out by saying, For dreams and vain illusions have deceived many, [Ecclus. 34, 7] or indeed, Nor shall ye use enchantments, nor observe dreams. [Lev. 19, 26. Vulg.] By which words it is shown us how great an abomination they are, in that they are joined with ‘auguries.’ Again, excepting they sometimes came of thought and illusion together, Solomon would never have said, For a dream cometh through the multitude of business. [Eccl. 5, 3] And unless dreams sometimes had their origin in a mystery of a revelation, Joseph would never have seen himself in a dream appointed to be advanced above his brethren, nor would the espoused of Mary have been warned by the Angel in a dream to take the Child and to fly into Egypt. Again, unless dreams sometimes proceeded from thought and revelation together, the Prophet Daniel, in making out the vision of Nebuchadnezzar, would never have set out with thought as the root; As for thee, O king, thy thoughts came into thy mind upon thy bed, what should come to pass hereafter, and He That revealeth secrets maketh known to thee what shall come to pass. [Dan. 2, 29] And soon afterwards, Thou, O king, sawest and beheld a great image. This great image, that was great, and its stature lofty, stood before thee, &c. [ver. 31] Thus while Daniel declares in awful terms the dream about to be fulfilled, and shows in what thoughts it had its rise, it is made plain and manifest that the thing very frequently proceeds from thought and revelation combined.
43. Now it is clear, that since dreams shift about in such a variety of cases they ought to be the less easily believed, in proportion as it less easily appears from what influencing cause they spring. For it often happens that to those, whom the Evil Spirit cuts off when awake through the love of the present life, he promises the successes of fortune even whilst they sleep, and those, whom he sees to be in dread of misfortunes, he threatens with them the more cruelly by the representations of dreams, that he may work upon the incautious soul by a different kind of influence, and either by elevating it with hope or sinking it with dread, may disturb its balance. Often too he sets himself to work upon the souls of the Saints themselves by dreams, that at least for a passing moment they may be thrown off the line of steady thought, though by their own act they straightway shake the mind clear of the delusive phantasy. And our designing foe, in proportion as he is utterly unable to get the better of them when awake, makes the deadlier assault upon them asleep. Whom yet the dispensation of the Highest in loving-kindness alone allows to do so in his malevolence, lest in the souls of the Elect their mere sleep, though nothing else, should go without the meed of suffering. Therefore it is well spoken to Him that ruleth over all, When I say, my bed shall comfort me, I shall be eased talking with myself on my couch; then Thou scarest me with dreams, and terrifiest me through visions. Surely in that God ordereth all things wonderfully, even He Himself doth that thing, which the Evil Spirit seeks to do unjustly, whilst He letteth it not be done saving justly. Now forasmuch as the life of the righteous is at once assaulted on watch by temptation, and harassed in dreaming by illusion; undergoes without the mischiefs of its corruption, and within painfully carries in itself unlawful thoughts; what may it do in order to pluck the foot of the heart out of the mazes of such numberless entanglements? Yea, thou blessed man, with what dismay and trouble thou art every way compassed about we have learnt; now let us be informed, what plan thou dost devise to encounter the same.
Source: Quotations drawn from early Church Fathers and historical Christian theologians (AD 100–1500). Some quotes address the surrounding passage context rather than this verse alone.
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