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Commentary on Job 5 verses 6–16
Eliphaz, having touched Job in a very tender part, in mentioning both the loss of his estate and the death of his children as the just punishment of his sin, that he might not drive him to despair, here begins to encourage him, and puts him in a way to make himself easy. Now he very much changes his voice (Gal 4:20), and speaks in the accents of kindness, as if he would atone for the hard words he had given him.
I. He reminds him that no affliction comes by chance, nor is to be attributed to second causes: It doth not come forth of the dust, nor spring out of the ground, as the grass doth, Job 5:6. It doth not come of course, at certain seasons of the year, as natural productions do, by a chain of second causes. The proportion between prosperity and adversity is not so exactly observed by Providence as that between day and night, summer and winter, but according to the will and counsel of God, when and as he thinks fit. Some read it, Sin comes not forth out of the dust, nor iniquity of the ground. If men be bad, they must not lay the blame upon the soil, the climate, or the stars, but on themselves. If thou scornest, thou alone shalt bear it. We must not attribute our afflictions to fortune, for they are from God, nor our sins to fate, for they are from ourselves; so that, whatever trouble we are in, we must own that God sends it upon us and we procure it to ourselves: the former is a reason why we should be very patient, the latter why we should be very penitent, when we are afflicted.
II. He reminds him that trouble and affliction are what we have all reason to expect in this world: Man is brought to trouble (Job 5:7), not as man (had he kept his innocency he would have been born to pleasure), but as sinful man, as born of a woman (Job 14:1), who was in the transgression. Man is born in sin, and therefore born to trouble. Even those that are born to honour and estate are yet born to trouble in the flesh. In our fallen state it has become natural to us to sin, and the natural consequence of that is affliction, Rom 5:12. There is nothing in this world we are born to, and can truly call our own, but sin and trouble; both are as the sparks that fly upwards. Actual transgressions are the sparks that fly out of the furnace of original corruption; and, being called transgressors from the womb, no wonder that we deal very treacherously, Isa 48:8. Such too is the frailty of our bodies, and the vanity of all our enjoyments, that our troubles also thence arise as naturally as the sparks fly upwards - so many are they, so thick and so fast does one follow another. Why then should we be surprised at our afflictions as strange, or quarrel with them as hard, when they are but what we are born to? Man is born to labour (so it is in the margin), is sentenced to eat his bread in the sweat of his face, which should inure him to hardness, and make him bear his afflictions the better.
III. He directs him how to behave himself under his affliction (Job 5:8): I would seek unto God; surely I would: so it is in the original. Here is, 1. A tacit reproof to Job for not seeking to God, but quarrelling with him: "Job, if I had been in thy case, I would not have been so peevish and passionate as thou art. I would have acquiesced in the will of God." It is easy to say what we would do if we were in such a one's case; but when it comes to the trial, perhaps it will be found not so easy to do as we say. 2. Very good and seasonable advice to him, which Eliphaz transfers to himself in a figure: "For my part, the best way I should think I could take, if I were in thy condition, would be to apply to God." Note, We should give our friends no other counsel than what we would take ourselves if we were in their case, that we may be easy under our afflictions, may get good by them, and may see a good issue of them. (1.) We must by prayer fetch in mercy and grace from God, seek to him as a Father and friend, though he contend with us, as one who is alone able to support and succour us. His favour we must seek when we have lost all we have in the world; to him we must address ourselves as the fountain and Father of all good, all consolation. Is any afflicted? let him pray. It is heart's-ease, a salve for every sore. (2.) We must by patience refer ourselves and our cause to him: To God would I commit my cause; having spread it before him, I would leave it with him; having laid it at his feet, I would lodge it in his hand. "Here I am, let the Lord do with me as seemeth him good." If our cause be indeed a good cause, we need not fear committing it to God, for he is both just and kind. Those that would seek so as to speed must refer themselves to God.
IV. He encourages him thus to seek to God, and commit his cause to him. It will not be in vain to do so, for he is one in whom we shall find effectual help.
1.He recommends to his consideration God's almighty power and sovereign dominion. In general, he doeth great things (Job 5:9), great indeed, for he can do any thing, he doth do every thing, and all according to the counsel of his own will - great indeed, for the operations of his power are, (1.) Unsearchable, and such as can never be fathomed, can never be found out from the beginning to the end, Ecc 3:11. The works of nature are mysterious; the most curious searches come far short of full discoveries and the wisest philosophers have owned themselves at a loss. The designs of Providence ar much more deep and unaccountable, Rom 11:33. (2.) Numerous, and such as can never be reckoned up. He doeth great things without number; his power is never exhausted, nor will all his purposes ever be fulfilled till the end of time. (3.) They are marvellous, and such as never can be sufficiently admired; eternity itself will be short enough to be spent in the admiration of them. Now, by the consideration of this, Eliphaz intends, [1.] To convince Job of his fault and folly in quarrelling with God. We must not pretend to pass a judgment upon his works, for they are unsearchable and above our enquiries; nor must we strive with our Maker, for he will certainly be too hard for us, and is able to crush us in a moment. [2.] To encourage Job to seek unto God, and to refer his cause to him. What more encouraging than to see that he is one to whom power belongs? He can do great things and marvellous for our relief, when we are brought ever so low.
2.He gives some instances of God's dominion and power.
(1.)God doeth great things in the kingdom of nature: He gives rain upon the earth (Job 5:10), put here for all the gifts of common providence, all the fruitful seasons by which he filleth our hearts with food and gladness, Act 14:17. Observe, When he would show what great things God does he speaks of his giving rain, which, because it is a common thing, we are apt to look upon as a little thing, but, if we duly consider both how it is produced and what is produced by it, we shall see it to be a great work both of power and goodness.
(2.)He doeth great things in the affairs of the children of men, not only enriches the poor and comforts the needy, by the rain he sends (Job 5:10), but, in order to the advancing of those that are low, he disappoints the devices of the crafty; for Job 5:11 is to be joined to Job 5:12. Compare with Luk 1:51-53. He hath scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts, and so hath exalted those of low degree, and filled the heart with good things. See,
[1.]How he frustrates the counsels of the proud and politic, Job 5:12-14. There is a supreme power that manages and overrules men who think themselves free and absolute, and fulfils its own purposes in spite of their projects. Observe, First, The froward, that walk contrary to God and the interests of his kingdom, are often very crafty; for they are the seed of the old serpent that was noted for his subtlety. They think themselves wise, but, at the end, will be fools. Secondly, The Froward enemies of God's kingdom have their devices, their enterprises, and their counsels, against it, and against the loyal faithful subjects of it. They are restless and unwearied in their designs, close in their consultations, high in their hopes, deep in their politics, and fast-linked in their confederacies, Psa 2:1, Psa 2:2. Thirdly, God easily can, and (as far as is for his glory) certainly will, blast and defeat all the designs of his and his people's enemies. How were the plots of Ahithophel, Sanballat, and Haman baffled! How were the confederacies of Syria and Ephraim against Judah, of Gebal, and Ammon, and Amalek, against God's Israel, the kings of the earth and the princes against the Lord and against his anointed, broken! The hands that have been stretched out against God and his church have not performed their enterprise, nor have the weapons formed against Sion prospered. Fourthly, That which enemies have designed for the ruin of the church has often turned to their own ruin (Job 5:13): He takes the wise in their own craftiness, and snares them in the work of their own hands, Psa 7:15, Psa 7:16; Psa 9:15, Psa 9:16. This is quoted by the apostle (Co1 3:19) to show how the learned men of the heathen were befooled by their own vain philosophy. Fifthly, When God infatuates men they are perplexed, and at a loss, even in those things that seem most plain and easy (Job 5:14): They meet with darkness even in the day-time: nay (as in the margin), They run themselves into darkness by the violence and precipitation of their own counsels. See Job 12:20, Job 12:24, Job 12:25.
[2.]How he favours the cause of the poor and humble, and espouses that. First, He exalts the humble, Job 5:11. Those whom proud men contrive to crush he raises from under their feet, and sets them in safety, Psa 12:5. The lowly in heart, and those that mourn, he advances, comforts, and makes to dwell on high, in the munitions of rocks, Isa 33:16. Sion's mourners are the sealed ones, marked for safety, Eze 9:4. Secondly, He delivers the oppressed, Job 5:15. The designs of the crafty are to ruin the poor. Tongue, and hand, and sword, and all, are at work in order to this; but God takes under his special protection those who, being poor and unable to help themselves, being his poor and devoted to his praise, have committed themselves to him. He saves them from the mouth that speaks hard things against them and the hand that does hard things against them; for he can, when he pleases, tie the tongue and wither the hand. The effect of this is (Job 5:16), 1. That weak and timorous saints are comforted: So the poor, who began to despair, has hope. The experiences of some are encouragement to others to hope the best in the worst of times; for it is the glory of God to send help to the helpless and hope to the hopeless. 2. That daring threatening sinners are confounded: Iniquity stops her mouth, being surprised at the strangeness of the deliverance, ashamed of its enmity against those who appear to be the favourites of Heaven, mortified at the disappointment, and compelled to acknowledge the justice of God's proceedings, having nothing to object against them. Those that domineered over God's poor, that frightened them, menaced them, and falsely accused them, will not have a word to say against them when God appears for them. See Psa 76:8, Psa 76:9; Isa 26:11; Mic 7:16.
“And the young birds will raise their feathers over him.” This text indicates that sin is the cause of the calamities humans suffer. In a different sense we may understand the text to speak of angels as “sons of the winged ones,” sent by God either for our correction and punishment when we transgress or for our protection and salvation after we have repented.
The text demonstrates that the curses with which Eliphaz cursed the evildoers … were said for a reason. “Afflictions are fitting for human beings but not for animals.” The words may be meant as a comfort. As many people used to say, “What you have suffered is not beyond human nature. For our life consists of hardship. Even our birth occurs with hardship and suffering, since those who give birth must endure a thousand things. In addition, the life of a new born is cumbersome. One can aptly compare this text to the story in the Bible of the man born blind.” For it was regarding him that Jesus’ disciples asked, “Who sinned, this man or his parents, that he was born blind?” “Young vultures fly upwards” means “Punishment does not tame animals.” The young vultures, he says, fly upward, meaning, “They are untroubled—they do not live in wickedness after all.” His meaning is this: Lifeless things and animals—by the vulture’s young he seems to refer to animals—do not experience vengeance themselves, whereas human beings harvest the fruits of their sins.
15. For ‘man is born to labour,’ in that he, who is furnished with the gift of reason, bethinks himself that it is wholly impossible for him to pass through this season of his pilgrimage without sorrowing. Hence when Paul was recounting his woes to his disciples, he justly added, For yourselves know that we are appointed thereto. [1Thess. 3, 3] But even in that the flesh is afflicted with scourges, the mind is lifted up to seek higher things, as Paul again bears witness, saying, But though our outward man perish, yet the inward man is renewed day by day. [2 Cor. 4, 16] So then, ‘man is born to labour, and a bird to flying,’ for the mind flies free on high for the very same reason that the flesh toils the sorer below.
16. By the designation of ‘man’ too, may be represented the life of the carnal sort. And hence Paul says, For whereas there is among you envying and strife and divisions, are ye not carnal? [1 Cor. 3, 3] Soon after which he subjoins and says, Are ye not men? [ver. 4, Vulg.] In this life, then, ‘man is born to labour,’ for every carnal person, in seeking to obtain transitory things, is overcharging himself with the burthen of his desires. For it is sore labour to be seeking this same glory of the present life, at times to win it so sought, and to guard it with diligence when won. It is sore labour, with infinite pains to lay hold of that, which he, that shall lay hold, knows can never remain for long. But holy men, forasmuch as they have no fondness for transitory objects, are not only laid under no burthen of temporal desires, but even, if crosses on any occasion arise, in these very straits and faintings are free from trouble. For what is there more severe than scourges? and yet it is written concerning the Apostles when scourged, And they departed from the presence of the council, rejoicing that they were counted worthy to suffer shame for His Name. [Acts 5, 41] What then can be labour to the minds of those, to whom even the chastisement of stripes is not labour? Man then is ‘born to labour,’ for he really feels the ills of the present state, who is agape after the good things thereof. For that mind which hangs on the attraction of things above, has beneath it whatsoever is set in motion against it from without. Therefore it is well added, and a bird to flying. For the soul withdraws itself from the painfulness of labour, in proportion as it raises itself through hope toward things on high. Was not Paul like a ‘bird born to flying,’ who in undergoing such countless crosses, said, Our conversation is in heaven? [Phil. 3, 20] And again, We know that if our earthly house of this tabernacle were dissolved, we have a building of God, an house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens. [2 Cor. 5, 1] Like a bird, then, he had mounted above the scenes below, whom, while yet lingering on earth in the body, the wing of hope was already bearing up in the heights. But forasmuch as none by his own strength can transport himself on high, so as to be raised to the invisible world, while he is borne down by visible things, it is immediately added with propriety,
The author signifies all the silent and inanimate beings, and all those who are mute and without speech, through the two figures of the earth and the bird. His point is that neither the earth nor a bird can commit any act of iniquity. Because they cannot sin they are beyond afflictions and punishment. But the human being, since he is endowed with reason and sins by using his freedom, is born and grows up among pains and tribulation to match his nature.
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SUMMARY
Job 5:7, articulated by Eliphaz the Temanite, posits that suffering and hardship are not merely incidental but are an intrinsic and inescapable aspect of the human condition, as naturally occurring and inevitable as sparks ascending from a fire. Within his initial counsel to Job, Eliphaz employs this aphorism to assert that human affliction is a universal experience, subtly implying that Job's profound tribulations are a natural consequence of this inherent human vulnerability, perhaps even a manifestation of unconfessed sin, thereby urging Job toward repentance and the pursuit of divine mercy.
CONTEXT
EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
Key Word Analysis
Verse Breakdown
Literary Devices
The most prominent literary device in Job 5:7 is Simile. The verse explicitly compares "man is born unto trouble" with "as the sparks fly upward," employing the conjunction "as" to establish a direct and vivid parallel. This simile is highly effective because it grounds a profound theological assertion in a common, observable, and undeniable phenomenon of the natural world, thereby lending an air of self-evident truth and inevitability to Eliphaz's claim about the human condition. Furthermore, Eliphaz's statement functions as an Aphorism, a concise and memorable expression of a general truth or principle, intended to convey wisdom. However, within the broader narrative of the Book of Job, this aphorism, while containing a partial truth about human suffering, is ultimately revealed to be a limited and flawed explanation for the complexities of divine justice and human affliction. The statement also contains an element of Hyperbole, as Eliphaz generalizes the human experience of trouble to an absolute and inescapable destiny, overstating the case to support his argument that Job's suffering is a predictable consequence of universal human sinfulness.
THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Eliphaz's assertion, despite being part of a theological argument that the Book of Job ultimately critiques, nonetheless encapsulates a profound truth about the human condition in a world marred by sin. The "trouble" into which humanity is born can be understood as a direct and pervasive consequence of the Fall, echoing the curse pronounced in Genesis 3:17-19, where toil, sorrow, and hardship become intrinsic to human life. This verse serves as a stark reminder that suffering, adversity, and the struggle against various forms of hardship are universal experiences, transcending individual piety or perceived lack thereof. While Eliphaz misapplies this truth to Job's specific situation, the observation itself resonates deeply with the biblical understanding of a creation that groans under the weight of sin (Romans 8:22). It highlights the inherent fragility and vulnerability of humanity, underscoring our profound need for divine grace and intervention to navigate a world fundamentally marked by pain and brokenness.
REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Job 5:7, though spoken by a character whose theological framework is ultimately challenged and corrected by God, offers a raw and honest assessment of the human condition. It confronts us with the undeniable reality that life in a fallen world is inherently difficult, marked by struggle, sorrow, and hardship—a truth that resonates across all cultures and generations. This sobering understanding can serve to temper our expectations, preventing disillusionment and despair when adversity inevitably strikes, and fostering a profound sense of solidarity with all humanity who experience similar "troubles." However, it is critically important not to adopt Eliphaz's flawed conclusion that all suffering is a direct, punitive consequence of individual sin. Instead, the overarching narrative of Job teaches us to cultivate unwavering trust in God's sovereignty and wisdom, even when the reasons for suffering remain shrouded in mystery. Our appropriate response to this inherent trouble should not be despair or self-recrimination, but a deeper, more profound reliance on God, who is intimately present in our suffering and offers comfort, strength, and hope that transcends human comprehension. This verse serves as a powerful reminder that while trouble is a given reality of our existence, our ultimate hope and redemption lie not in avoiding it, but in God's steadfast love, His redemptive plan, and His promise of ultimate deliverance.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
Does Job 5:7 mean that all suffering is a direct punishment for sin?
Answer: No, not in the way Eliphaz intended or as a universal theological principle. While Eliphaz, like Job's other friends, operates under the traditional retribution theology that links suffering directly to sin, the entire Book of Job serves as a profound challenge and ultimate refutation of this simplistic view. Job's suffering is explicitly stated by God to be not a result of his sin, but rather a test of his integrity and faith (Job 1:8). While sin did introduce suffering into the world as a general consequence of the Fall (Genesis 3:17-19), specific instances of suffering are not always direct, punitive consequences of individual transgressions. The verse accurately describes the universality of trouble in a fallen world, acknowledging that hardship is a common human experience. However, Eliphaz's application of this truth to Job's particular situation, implying guilt and a need for repentance, is shown to be incorrect and is ultimately condemned by God Himself (Job 42:7).
CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Job 5:7, in its stark and honest depiction of humanity "born unto trouble," finds its ultimate and most profound fulfillment in the person of Jesus Christ. He is the singular human being who, though perfectly righteous, without sin, and utterly blameless, truly embodied the "man of sorrows" (Isaiah 53:3) and was born into, and fully embraced, the trouble of this fallen world. Unlike Eliphaz's flawed theology, which erroneously linked suffering to personal sin, Christ's suffering was not for His own iniquity but for ours. He experienced the full spectrum and crushing weight of human toil, rejection, betrayal, and ultimately, the deepest trouble of all—the horrifying separation from God on the cross as He bore the sin of humanity (Matthew 27:46). By taking upon Himself the "trouble" of our sin and death, Jesus fundamentally transformed the meaning and purpose of human suffering. For those who are in Christ, the "trouble" of this life, though still a present reality, is no longer a sign of divine wrath or a punitive judgment but can be a powerful means of sanctification (Romans 5:3-5) and a path to deeper communion with Him (2 Corinthians 4:17). His glorious resurrection is the ultimate divine answer to the inevitability of trouble, promising a future where "there will be no more death or mourning or crying or pain, for the old order of things has passed away" (Revelation 21:4).