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“Eliphaz's Call to Repentance and Restoration”· Job 22:21–30
Translation
King James Version
Yea, the Almighty shall be thy defence, and thou shalt have plenty of silver.
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KJV (with Strong's)
Yea, the Almighty H7706 shall be thy defence H1220, and thou shalt have plenty H8443 of silver H3701.
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Complete Jewish Bible
and let Shaddai be your treasure and your sparkling silver;
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Berean Standard Bible
then the Almighty will be your gold and the finest silver for you.
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American Standard Version
And the Almighty will be thy treasure, And precious silver unto thee.
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World English Bible Messianic
The Almighty will be your treasure, and precious silver to you.
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Geneva Bible (1599)
Yea, the Almightie shalbe thy defence, and thou shalt haue plentie of siluer.
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Young's Literal Translation
And the Mighty hath been thy defence, And silver is strength to thee.
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In the KJVVerse 13,415 of 31,102 · 43.1%

Study This Verse

Summary

Job 22:25 encapsulates Eliphaz the Temanite's final and most direct appeal to Job, promising that if Job repents and returns to God, the Almighty will become his ultimate defense and source of abundant material wealth, specifically silver. This verse powerfully illustrates Eliphaz's unwavering adherence to a strict retribution theology, a conventional wisdom of his era, which posits a direct correlation between righteousness and prosperity, and between sin and suffering. It serves as a climactic statement in his argument, setting the stage for the Book of Job's profound challenge to simplistic understandings of divine justice and human suffering.

Context

Literary Context

Job 22:25 is strategically placed within Eliphaz's third and final discourse to Job, which spans Job 22. Having previously offered more veiled suggestions of Job's sin, Eliphaz now directly accuses Job of specific transgressions, such as oppressing the poor and withholding water from the weary (Job 22:5-9). Following these accusations, Eliphaz shifts to an earnest exhortation for Job to reconcile with God, promising a glorious restoration if he humbles himself and embraces divine instruction (Job 22:21-30). Verse 25, therefore, is a central component of this promise, detailing the specific nature of the blessings Job can anticipate—divine protection and immense material prosperity. This promise stands in stark opposition to Job's current state of destitution and his unwavering assertion of innocence, intensifying the theological tension that drives the narrative toward God's eventual intervention.

Historical & Cultural Context

The theological framework espoused by Eliphaz and Job's other friends reflects a widespread ancient Near Eastern understanding of divine justice, often termed "retribution theology." This belief system held that a direct, observable causal link existed between one's moral conduct and one's earthly circumstances: the righteous flourished, while the wicked suffered. In this cultural milieu, tangible wealth, particularly precious metals like silver and gold, served as undeniable evidence of divine favor and blessing. Conversely, poverty, loss, or affliction were interpreted as clear signs of divine displeasure or judgment. The concept of God as a "defense" or "fortress" was also a common motif, emphasizing divine protection in a world fraught with existential dangers and enemies. Eliphaz's counsel, while undoubtedly well-intentioned from his perspective, is deeply rooted in this conventional wisdom, which the Book of Job masterfully critiques as an oversimplified and ultimately insufficient explanation for the complex reality of human suffering, especially the suffering of the righteous.

Key Themes

This verse significantly contributes to several overarching themes within the Book of Job. Foremost, it powerfully exemplifies the theme of retribution theology, showcasing how deeply ingrained this belief was among Job's contemporaries and how it shaped their interpretation of his suffering. Eliphaz's promise of "defense" and "plenty of silver" highlights the conventional understanding of divine protection and material prosperity as direct, tangible rewards for righteousness. The prominent use of the divine name "the Almighty" (Hebrew: Shaddai) also underscores the nature of God as omnipotent and all-sufficient, a theme that resonates throughout the entire book, particularly when God finally speaks from the whirlwind in Job 38. However, the verse also implicitly raises the central and enduring theme of the problem of suffering, as Eliphaz's proposed solution (repentance for presumed sin) utterly fails to account for Job's blamelessness and the true, mysterious nature of his trials. This fundamental tension between conventional wisdom and Job's lived experience is a primary driver of the narrative, challenging simplistic notions of divine justice and ultimately pointing to a deeper, more nuanced understanding of God's sovereignty and wisdom, as revealed in Job 42:1-6.

Exposition and Analysis

Key Word Analysis

Almighty Shadday' H7706

This is the Hebrew word H7706, Shadday, one of the most ancient and profound names for God in the Old Testament, often translated as "Almighty" or "All-Sufficient." Derived from a root meaning "to be mighty" or "to destroy," it emphasizes God's absolute power, omnipotence, and His ability to fulfill all His purposes and promises, particularly in the context of provision and protection. The name Shadday frequently appears in the patriarchal narratives (e.g., Genesis 17:1), where God reveals Himself as the one who is more than enough to meet every need and overcome every obstacle. In Job, its repeated use (31 times) highlights God's sovereignty even amidst inexplicable suffering, though Eliphaz here applies it within his limited theological framework of immediate retribution.

defence betser' H1220

The Hebrew word H1220, betser, is rich in meaning. While the KJV translates it as "defence," its root meaning is "to cut off" or "to fortify," leading to meanings like "fortress," "stronghold," or "inaccessible place." However, it also refers to "a clipping," specifically "gold (as dug out)," implying gold ore or precious metal. Eliphaz likely intends the meaning of "fortress" or "stronghold," implying God Himself will be Job's impenetrable shield against adversity and suffering. Yet, the dual meaning of "precious metal" or "gold" adds a profound layer of depth, suggesting that God Himself is Job's most valuable treasure, a concept that aligns with the subsequent mention of silver and subtly foreshadows the ultimate truth that God's presence is more precious than any material wealth.

silver keçeph' H3701

The Hebrew word H3701, keçeph, refers specifically to silver, a widely used form of currency and a primary symbol of wealth and prosperity in the ancient Near East. The promise of "plenty of silver" signifies not merely a return to Job's former state of wealth but an overflowing abundance, indicating a complete and even surpassing restoration of his material fortunes. In this cultural context, the abundance of silver would signify economic security, social standing, and tangible divine favor. Eliphaz's inclusion of this specific metal underscores the concrete, earthly nature of the blessings he believes God bestows upon the righteous, reinforcing the retribution theology he champions.

Verse Breakdown

"Yea, the Almighty shall be thy defence"

This clause presents a conditional promise, contingent upon Job's repentance and reconciliation with God. Eliphaz asserts that if Job turns back to the omnipotent Shaddai, this all-sufficient God will become his ultimate stronghold and protector. This speaks to God's powerful ability to act as an impenetrable shield, a secure refuge, and an unassailable fortress for those who trust in Him, offering divine protection from adversity, enemies, and the very suffering Job is currently enduring. It reflects a deep-seated belief in God's active and powerful intervention on behalf of His faithful.

"and thou shalt have plenty of silver"

This second clause specifies the tangible, material blessing that will accompany divine protection. The promise of "plenty of silver" signifies not just a return to Job's previous state of immense wealth but an overflowing, superabundant measure. In Eliphaz's rigid theological framework, this material prosperity is presented as the direct, observable evidence of God's favor and a clear reward for Job's anticipated repentance and renewed righteousness. It underscores the ancient belief that spiritual rectitude directly correlates with earthly success and riches, forming the core of the retribution theology that the book ultimately challenges.

Literary Devices

Eliphaz's speech, and specifically Job 22:25, is rich with literary devices, many of which are employed with a subtle Irony given the broader narrative of Job. The most pervasive device is Retribution Theology, which, while a theological concept, functions as a narrative and rhetorical device through Eliphaz's unwavering adherence to it. He uses this framework to interpret Job's suffering and to propose a solution, establishing a clear, simplistic cause-and-effect relationship between sin and suffering, and between repentance and blessing. This promise is delivered with a degree of Hyperbole in the assurance of "plenty of silver," suggesting an exceedingly generous, almost immediate, and overwhelming material reward. The irony lies in the fact that while Eliphaz speaks truths about God's character and ability to be a defense and provider, his application of this truth to Job's specific situation is fundamentally flawed, as the reader knows Job is righteous and his suffering is not a consequence of sin. The verse also employs potent Symbolism, with "silver" representing not just currency but the broader concept of material prosperity, divine favor, and earthly security, while "defence" symbolizes divine protection, security, and invulnerability. The strategic use of the divine name Shaddai also functions as an Appeal to Authority, invoking God's supreme power and majesty to lend an air of undeniable truth and weight to Eliphaz's counsel.

Theological and Thematic Connections

While Eliphaz's specific application of retribution theology to Job's suffering is ultimately proven flawed by the narrative's resolution, the underlying truths he articulates about God's character hold profound and enduring theological significance. God indeed acts as a mighty defense and a generous provider for His people, a theme richly echoed throughout the entirety of Scripture. The profound challenge of Job's narrative is not to deny God's power or His desire to bless, but rather to refine our understanding of how and why He operates, particularly concerning the complex interplay of suffering and prosperity. The book ultimately teaches that true security and ultimate treasure are found not merely in fleeting material possessions but in God Himself, who is the ultimate source of all good.

Reflection and Application

Eliphaz's words in Job 22:25, though spoken from a flawed theological premise regarding Job's specific situation, nonetheless point to an enduring and vital truth about God's character: He is indeed a powerful defense and an inexhaustible source of provision for those who place their trust in Him. For us today, the application is not to assume that all suffering is a direct result of personal sin, nor that all righteousness guarantees immediate and abundant material wealth. Instead, we are profoundly called to recognize God as our ultimate security and our greatest treasure, a defense far more reliable and impenetrable than any earthly stronghold, and a provider who meets our deepest needs in ways that transcend mere material abundance. The Book of Job ultimately teaches us to cultivate unwavering trust in God's sovereign wisdom and goodness, even when His ways are mysterious, and our circumstances are challenging, finding our true and lasting prosperity in an intimate, dependent relationship with Him rather than in the fleeting pursuit of earthly possessions.

Questions for Reflection

  1. How does Eliphaz's understanding of God's defense and provision compare with your own experience or theological perspective, especially in times of trial?
  2. In what ways might we, like Eliphaz, sometimes oversimplify the complex relationship between righteousness and prosperity, or between sin and suffering in our own lives or the lives of others?
  3. If God is truly our "defence," what does that practically mean for how we face challenges, uncertainties, and fears in our daily lives?
  4. Beyond "plenty of silver," what are the "treasures" or "provisions" that God offers His people today, and how do we prioritize them in light of eternity?

FAQ

Was Eliphaz's advice completely wrong, given the outcome of Job's story?

While Eliphaz's central premise that Job's suffering was a direct result of his sin was fundamentally incorrect and ultimately rebuked by God Himself (Job 42:7), his statements about God's character were not entirely false. God is indeed a powerful "defence" and a generous provider, and genuine repentance does lead to restoration and blessing. The critical error lay in Eliphaz's rigid, unyielding application of these truths to Job's unique and blameless situation, failing to account for the profound complexities of suffering and God's sovereign purposes that extend far beyond a simplistic retribution theology. The Book of Job ultimately challenges the notion that human wisdom can fully comprehend divine justice, emphasizing that God's ways and thoughts are infinitely higher than our own (Isaiah 55:8-9).

Christ-Centered Fulfillment

Job 22:25, though part of a flawed argument presented by Eliphaz, points to a profound truth about God's nature that finds its ultimate and perfect fulfillment in the person and work of Jesus Christ. Eliphaz promises that "the Almighty shall be thy defence," and indeed, in Christ, God Himself becomes our supreme stronghold and eternal security. Jesus is our refuge and strength, a present help in every trouble (Psalm 46:1), offering a peace that transcends all human understanding (Philippians 4:7). Furthermore, the promise of "plenty of silver" foreshadows the infinitely greater spiritual riches and eternal inheritance we receive through Christ. While Eliphaz focused on temporal material prosperity, Jesus teaches us to seek first the kingdom of God and His righteousness, with the assurance that all other necessary things will be added to us (Matthew 6:33). He is the true and incomparable treasure, "in whom are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge" (Colossians 2:3). Through His atoning sacrifice on the cross, Jesus became our ultimate defense against the power of sin, the sting of death, and the accusations of the enemy, offering not just temporal protection but eternal salvation and an abundance of life that is truly life (John 10:10). Thus, the promises of divine protection and provision, imperfectly articulated by Eliphaz, are fully realized and infinitely surpassed in the person and redemptive work of Jesus Christ.

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Public-domain commentary

Matthew Henry

From his Commentary on the Whole Bible. Henry comments on passages, not single verses — this entry covers Job 22:21–30. His four-level outline is real structure in the source text, so it is rendered as structure.

1662–1714 · 10 verses
Passage under commentJob 22:21–30
I. II. Main points1. 2. Sub-points(1.) (2.) Details[1.] [2.] Fine details

Methinks I can almost forgive Eliphaz his hard censures of Job, which we had in the beginning of the chapter, though they were very unjust and unkind, for this good counsel and encouragement which he gives him in these verses with which he closes his discourse, and than which nothing could be better said, nor more to the purpose. Though he thought him a bad man, yet he saw reason to have hopes concerning him, that, for all this, he would be both pious and prosperous. But it is strange that out of the same mouth, and almost in the same breath, both sweet waters and bitter should proceed. Good men, though they may perhaps be put into a heat, yet sometimes will talk themselves into a better temper, and, it may be, sooner than another could talk them into it. Eliphaz had laid before Job the miserable condition of a wicked man, that he might frighten him into repentance. Here, on the other hand, he shows him the happiness which those may be sure of that do repent, that he might allure and encourage him to it. Ministers must try both ways in dealing with people, must speak to them from Mount Sinai by the terrors of the law, and from Mount Sion by the comforts of the gospel, must set before them both life and death, good and evil, the blessing and the curse. Now here observe,

I.The good counsel which Eliphaz gives to Job; and good counsel it is to us all, though, as to Job, it was built upon a false supposition that he was a wicked man and now a stranger and enemy to God. 1. Acquaint now thyself with God. Acquiesce in God; so some. It is our duty at all times, especially when we are in affliction, to accommodate ourselves to, and quiet ourselves in, all the disposals of the divine Providence. Join thyself to him (so some); fall in with his interests, and act no longer in opposition to him. Our translators render it well, "Acquaint thyself with him; be not such a stranger to him as thou hast made thyself by casting off the fear of him and restraining prayer before him." It is the duty and interest of every one of us to acquaint himself with God. We must get the knowledge of him, fix our affections on him, join ourselves to him in a covenant of friendship, and then set up, and keep up, a constant correspondence with him in the ways he has appointed. It is our honour that we are made capable of this acquaintance, our misery that by sin we have lost it, our privilege that through Christ we are invited to return to it; and it will be our unspeakable happiness to contract and cultivate this acquaintance. 2. "Be at peace, at peace with thyself, not fretful, uneasy, and in confusion; let not thy heart be troubled, but be quiet and calm, and well composed. Be at peace with thy God; be reconciled to him. Do not carry on this unholy war. Thou complainest that God is thy enemy; be thou his friend." It is the great concern of every one of us to make our peace with God, and it is necessary in order to our comfortable acquaintance with him; for how can two walk together except they be agreed? Amo 3:3. This we must do quickly, now, before it be too late. Agree with thy adversary while thou art in the way. This we are earnestly urged to do. Some read it, "Acquaint thyself, I pray thee, with him, and be at peace." God himself beseeches us; ministers, in Christ's stead, pray us to be reconciled. Can we gainsay such entreaties? 3. Receive the law from his mouth, Job 22:22. "Having made thy peace with God, submit to his government, and resolve to be ruled by him, that thou mayest keep thyself in his love." We receive our being and maintenance from God. From him we hope to receive our bliss, and from him we must receive law. Lord, what wilt thou have me to do? Act 9:6. Which way soever we receive the intimations of his will we must have our eye to him; whether he speaks by scripture, ministers, conscience, or Providence, we must take the word as from his mouth and bow our souls to it. Though, in Job's time, we do not know that there was any written word, yet there was a revelation of God's will to be received. Eliphaz looked upon Job as a wicked man, and was pressing him to repent and reform. Herein consists the conversion of a sinner - his receiving the law from God's mouth and no longer from the world and the flesh. Eliphaz, being now in contest with Job, appeals to the word of God for the ending of the controversy. "Receive that, and be determined by it." To the law and to the testimony. 4. Lay up his word in thy heart. It is not enough to receive it, but we must retain it, Pro 3:18. We must lay it up as a thing of great value, that it may be safe; and we must lay it up in our hearts, as a thing of great use, that it may be ready to us when there is occasion and we may neither lose it wholly nor be at a loss for it in a time of need. 5. Return to the Almighty, Job 22:23. "Do not only turn from sin, but turn to God and thy duty. Do not only turn towards the Almighty in some good inclinations and good beginnings, but return to him; return home to him, quite to him, so as to reach to the Almighty, by a universal reformation, an effectual thorough change of thy heart and life, and a firm resolution to cleave to him;" so Mr. Poole. 6. Put away iniquity far from thy tabernacle. This was the advice Zophar gave him, Job 11:14. "Let not wickedness dwell in thy tabernacle. Put iniquity far off, the further the better, not only from thy heart and hand, but from thy house. Thou must not only not be wicked thyself, but must reprove and restrain sin in those that are under thy charge." Note, Family reformation is needful reformation; we and our house must serve the Lord.

II.The good encouragement which Eliphaz gives Job, that he shall be very happy, if he will but take this good counsel.

In general, "Thereby good shall come unto thee (Job 22:21); the good that has now departed from thee, all the good thy heart can desire, temporal, spiritual, eternal good, shall come to thee. God shall come to thee, into covenant and communion with thee; and he brings all good with him, all good in him. Thou art now ruined and brought down, but, if thou return to God, thou shalt be built up again, and thy present ruins shall be repaired. Thy family shall be built up in children, thy estate in wealth, and thy soul in holiness and comfort." The promises which Eliphaz here encourages Job with are reducible to three heads: -

1.That his estate should prosper, and temporal blessings should be bestowed abundantly on him; for godliness has the promise of the life that now is. It is promised,

(1.)That he shall be very rich (Job 22:24): "Thou shalt lay up gold as dust, in such great abundance, and shalt have plenty of silver (Job 22:25), whereas now thou art poor and stripped of all." Job had been rich. Eliphaz suspected he got his riches by fraud and oppression, and therefore they were taken from him: but if he would return to God and his duty,

[1.]He should have more wealth than ever he had, not only thousands of sheep and oxen, the wealth of farmers, but thousands of gold and silver, the wealth of princes, Job 3:15. Abundantly more riches, true riches, are to be got by the service of God than by the service of the world.

[2.]He should have it more sure to him: "Thou shalt lay it up in good hands, and hold that which is got by thy piety by a surer tenure than that which thou didst get by thy iniquity." Thou shalt have silver of strength (for so the word is), which, being honestly got, will wear well - silver like steel.

[3.]He should, by the grace of God, be kept from setting his heart so much upon it as Eliphaz thought he had done; and then wealth is a blessing indeed when we are not ensnared with the love of it. Thou shalt lay up gold; but how? Not as thy treasure and portion, but as dust, and as the stones of the brooks. So little shalt thou value it or expect from it that thou shalt lay it at thy feet (Act 4:35), not in thy bosom.

(2.)That yet he shall be very safe. Whereas men's riches usually expose them to danger, and he had owned that in his prosperity he was not in safety (Job 3:26), now he might be secure; for the Almighty shall be thy defender; nay, he shall be thy defence, Job 22:25. He shall be thy gold; so it is in the margin, and it is the same word that is used (Job 22:24) for gold, but it signifies also a strong-hold, because money is a defence, Ecc 7:12. Worldlings make gold their god, saints make God their gold; and those that are enriched with his favour and grace may truly be said to have abundance of the best gold, and best laid up. We read it, "He shall be thy defence against the incursions of neighbouring spoilers: thy wealth shall not then lie exposed as it did to Sabeans and Chaldeans," which, some think, is the meaning of that, Thou shalt put away iniquity far from thy tabernacle, taking it as a promise. "The iniquity or wrong designed against thee shall be put off and shall not reach thee." Note, Those must needs be safe that have Omnipotence itself for their defence, Psa 91:1-3.

2.That his soul should prosper, and he should be enriched with spiritual blessings, which are the best blessings.

(1.)That he should live a life of complacency in God (Job 22:26): "For then shalt thou have thy delight in the Almighty; and thus the Almighty comes to be thy gold by thy delighting in him, as worldly people delight in their money. He shall be thy wealth, thy defence, thy dignity; for he shall be thy delight." The way to have our heart's desire is to make God our heart's delight, Psa 37:4. If God give us himself to be our joy, he will deny us nothing that is good for us. "Now, God is a terror to thee; he is so by thy own confession (Job 6:4; Job 16:9; Job 19:11); but, if thou wilt return to him, then, and not till then, he will be thy delight; and it shall be as much a pleasure to thee to think of him as ever it was a pain." No delight is comparable to the delight which gracious souls have in the Almighty; and those that acquaint themselves with him, and submit themselves entirely to him, shall find his favour to be, not only their strength, but their song.

(2.)That he should have a humble holy confidence towards God, such as those are said to have whose hearts condemn them not, Jo1 3:21. "Then shalt thou lift up thy face to God with boldness, and not be afraid, as thou now art, to draw near to him. Thy countenance is now fallen, and thou lookest dejected; but, when thou hast made thy peace with God, thou shalt blush no more, tremble no more, and hang thy head no more, as thou dost now, but shalt cheerfully, and with a gracious assurance, show thyself to him, pray before him, and expect blessings from him."

(3.)That he should maintain a constant communion with God, "The correspondence, once settled, shall be kept up to thy unspeakable satisfaction. Letters shall be both statedly and occasionally interchanged between thee and heaven," Job 22:27. [1.] "Thou shalt by prayer send letters to God: Thou shalt make thy prayer" (the word is, Thou shalt multiply thy prayers) "unto him, and he will not think thy letters troublesome, though many and long. The oftener we come to the throne of grace the more welcome. Under all thy burdens, in all thy wants, cares, and fears, thou shalt send to heaven for guidance and strength, wisdom, and comfort, and good success." [2.] "He shall, by his providence and grace, answer those letters, and give thee what thou askest of him, either in kind or kindness: He shall hear thee, and make it to appear he does so by what he does for thee and in thee." [3.] "Then thou shalt by thy praises reply to the gracious answers which he sent thee: Thou shalt pay thy vows, and that shall be acceptable to him and fetch in further mercy." Note, When God performs that which in our distress we prayed for we must make conscience of performing that which we then promised, else we do not deal honestly. If we promised nothing else we promised to be thankful, and that is enough, for it includes all, Psa 116:14.

(4.)That he should have inward satisfaction in the management of all his outward affairs (Job 22:28): "Thou shalt decree a thing and it shall be established unto thee," that is, "Thou shalt frame all thy projects and purposes with so much wisdom, and grace, and resignation to the will of God, that the issue of them shall be to thy heart's content, just as thou wouldst have it to be. Thou shalt commit thy works unto the Lord by faith and prayer, and then thy thoughts shall be established; thou shalt be easy and pleased, whatever occurs, Pro 16:3. This the grace of God shall work in thee; nay, sometimes the providence of God shall give thee the very thing thou didst desire and pray for, and give it thee in thy own way, and manner, and time. Be it unto thee even as thou wilt." When at any time an affair succeeds just according to the scheme we laid, and our measures are in nothing broken, nor are we put upon new counsels, then we must own the performance of this promise, Thou shalt decree a thing and it shall be established unto thee. "Whereas now thou complainest of darkness round about thee, then the light shall shine on thy ways;" that is, "God shall guide and direct thee, and then it will follow, of course, that he shall prosper and succeed thee in all thy undertakings. God's wisdom shall be thy guide, his favour thy comfort, and thy ways shall be so under both those lights that thou shalt have a comfortable enjoyment of what is present and a comfortable prospect of what is future," Psa 90:17.

(5.)That even in times of common calamity and danger he should have abundance of joy and hope (Job 22:29): "When men are cast down round about thee, cast down in their affairs, cast down in their spirits, sinking, desponding, and ready to despair, then shalt thou say, There is lifting up. Thou shalt find that in thyself which will not only bear thee up under thy troubles, and keep thee from fainting, but lift thee up above thy troubles and enable thee to rejoice evermore." When men's hearts fail them for fear, then shall Christ's disciples lift up their heads for joy, Luk 21:26-28. Thus are they made to ride upon the high places of the earth (Isa 58:14), and that which will lift them up is the belief of this, that God will save the humble person. Those that humble themselves shall be exalted, not only in honour, but in comfort.

3.That he should be a blessing to his country and an instrument of good to many (Job 22:30): God shall, in answer to thy prayers, deliver the island of the innocent, and have a regard therein to the pureness of thy hands, which is necessary to the acceptableness of our prayers, Ti1 2:8. But, because we may suppose the innocent not to need deliverance (it was guilty Sodom that wanted the benefit of Abraham's intercession), I incline to the marginal reading, The innocent shall deliver the island, by their advice (Ecc 9:14, Ecc 9:15) and by their prayers and their interest in heaven, Act 27:24. Or, He shall deliver those that are not innocent, and they are delivered by the pureness of thy hands; as it may be read, and most probably. Note, A good man is a public good. Sinners fare the better for saints, whether they are aware of it or no. If Eliphaz intended hereby (as some think he did) to insinuate that Job's prayers were not prevailing, nor his hands pure (for then he would have relieved others, much more himself), he was afterwards made to see his error, when it appeared that Job had a better interest in heaven than he had; for he and his three friends, who in this matter were not innocent, were delivered by the pureness of Job's hands, Job 42:8.

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Historical interpretation

Four Centuries of Reception

3 surviving comments on this verse. Each one is dated, so this reads as a timeline rather than a list.

3 quotes · AD 253–604
Ante-NicenePost-NiceneEarly Medieval
300400500600

Select a marker to jump to its quote. Markers stagger vertically where authors wrote within a few decades of each other.

AD 253Origen of AlexandriaAnte-NiceneSourceFRAGMENTS ON JOB 16.61, 69
This is what he means, in my opinion: "Confess your sins; receive from God's mouth his support after your confession; and take his words into your heart." Certainly Eliphaz said these things, as he believed, by making himself equal to Job.… However, he pronounces a correct dogma here. He, in fact, thinks that Job suffers his adversities because of his sins but also so that he will be purified through the endurance of his afflictions. Once he is purified, he will be delivered from any extraneous element and freed from any involvement with iniquity. And like gold refined in a melting pot, he will appear to be tested. If you, he says, endure what has happened to you, God will make you pure, like silver purified with fire.
AD 373Ephrem the SyrianPost-NiceneSourceCOMMENTARY ON JOB 22:23
This means that you will be restored to your former state. And God will be your helper while before it seemed that he had completely neglected the care of your salvation, as if he had been absent.
AD 604Gregory the DialogistEarly Medieval
23. What other enemies are we more subject to than evil spirits, who in our thoughts besiege us, that they may break into the city of our minds, and hold it, taken captive, under the yoke of their dominion? Now by the name of ‘silver,’ the Psalmist testifies the sacred oracles are denoted, when he says, The words of the Lord are pure words, as silver tried in a furnace of earth. [Ps. 12, 6] And often when we apply ourselves to the sacred oracles, we are more grievously subject to the artifices of evil Spirits, in that they sprinkle upon our mind the dust of earthly thoughts, that the eyes of our heeding they may darken to the light of the interior vision. Which same the Psalmist had undergone when he said, Depart from me, ye evil ones, and I will search into the commandments of my God; i.e. plainly teaching us that he could not search into the commandments of God, when he was suffering in mind the snares of the evil spirits. Which thing in the work of Isaac too we know to he represented under the evil doing of the Philistines, who with a heap of earth filled up the wells which Isaac had dug. For these very same wells we ourselves dig, when in the hidden meanings of Holy Scripture we penetrate deep. Which wells however the Philistines secretly fill up, when to us advancing to deep things unclean spirits bring in earthly thoughts, and as it were take away the water of divine knowledge which has been discovered. But because no one can overcome these enemies by his own power, it is said by Eliphaz, Yea the Almighty shall be against thine enemies, and thou shalt have heaps of silver. As if it were said in plain words; ‘While the Lord drives away from thee the evil spirits by His power, the shining talent of divine revelation within gains growth.’
Source: Quotations drawn from early Church Fathers and historical Christian theologians (AD 100–1500). Some quotes address the surrounding passage context rather than this verse alone.
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