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Translation
King James Version
And though after my skin worms destroy this body, yet in my flesh shall I see God:
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KJV (with Strong's)
And though after H310 my skin H5785 worms destroy H5362 this body, yet in my flesh H1320 shall I see H2372 God H433:
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Complete Jewish Bible
so that after my skin has been thus destroyed, then even without my flesh, I will see God.
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Berean Standard Bible
Even after my skin has been destroyed, yet in my flesh I will see God.
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American Standard Version
And after my skin, eventhisbody, is destroyed, Then without my flesh shall I see God;
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World English Bible Messianic
After my skin is destroyed, then in my flesh shall I see God,
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Geneva Bible (1599)
And though after my skin wormes destroy this bodie, yet shall I see God in my flesh.
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Young's Literal Translation
And after my skin hath compassed this body , Then from my flesh I see God:
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Study This Verse

SUMMARY

Job 19:26 stands as one of the most profound and enduring declarations of faith and hope in the Old Testament. Amidst unimaginable physical suffering and the relentless accusations of his friends, Job articulates an unwavering conviction that despite the complete physical decay and destruction of his body, he will personally and physically behold God. This verse is a powerful testament to Job's belief in a future vindication and a bodily resurrection, transcending his present despair and offering a glimpse into the ancient understanding of life beyond death and a direct, transformative encounter with the Divine Redeemer.

CONTEXT

  • Literary Context: Job 19:26 is a climactic declaration within Job's third cycle of speeches, specifically following his desperate plea for his words to be permanently inscribed for posterity in Job 19:23-24. This fervent desire underscores the monumental importance Job places on the truth he is about to declare, indicating a profound conviction that transcends his immediate circumstances. Throughout the preceding chapters, Job's friends, particularly Bildad and Zophar, have repeatedly asserted the traditional retribution theology—that suffering is a direct consequence of sin. Job, however, consistently maintains his innocence, grappling with the profound mystery of unmerited suffering and God's apparent silence. This verse serves as a powerful pivot, moving beyond mere defense to a profound assertion of hope in a future vindication and a personal encounter with his Redeemer, a hope that transcends his immediate physical and social degradation, culminating in a vision of God Himself.
  • Historical & Cultural Context: The Book of Job is set in the land of Uz, likely a region east of Palestine, and depicts a patriarchal society that predates the Mosaic Law. The prevailing cultural understanding of suffering in the ancient Near East often linked prosperity with divine favor and calamity with divine displeasure, a view strongly championed by Job's friends. While some ancient cultures, including early Israel, had vague notions of an afterlife in Sheol (a shadowy realm of the dead), explicit beliefs in a bodily resurrection were not widespread or clearly defined in the earlier periods of Israelite history. This makes Job's declaration particularly striking and forward-looking, as it challenges the prevailing cultural assumption that death is the absolute end. His statement offers a unique and early articulation of hope beyond the grave, even amidst a context where physical well-being was often seen as the primary measure of divine blessing and a direct indicator of one's standing with God.
  • Key Themes: Job 19:26 powerfully contributes to several overarching themes within the book of Job and broader biblical theology. Firstly, it highlights the theme of unmerited suffering and the mystery of God's ways, as Job's faith remains steadfast despite his inability to comprehend his affliction or reconcile it with God's justice. Secondly, it introduces the profound concept of hope in resurrection and future vindication, providing one of the Old Testament's clearest anticipations of a bodily resurrection, a theme more fully developed in passages like Isaiah 26:19 and Daniel 12:2. Thirdly, it underscores the theme of a personal encounter with God, emphasizing Job's deep longing for a direct, face-to-face meeting with his Creator and Redeemer, a desire that culminates in his actual encounter with God in Job 42:5. This verse thus serves as a beacon of Job's enduring faith and a foundational statement on the ultimate triumph of God's justice and grace over human suffering and mortality, pointing to an ultimate divine intervention.

EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

Key Word Analysis

  • Skin (Hebrew, ʻôwr', H5785): Meaning "skin (as naked); by implication, hide, leather." In Job's context, "my skin" refers to his outer physical covering, which is visibly afflicted and deteriorating. The phrase "after my skin [worms] destroy this [body]" vividly portrays the complete physical disintegration and death that Job anticipates, emphasizing the grim reality of his mortal state and the extent of his bodily decay. It underscores the utter destruction of his present physical form.
  • Flesh (Hebrew, bâsâr', H1320): Meaning "flesh (from its freshness); by extension, body, person." While often denoting the physical body in its frailty or mortality, in this profound declaration, "yet in my flesh shall I see God," the preposition "in" (or "from" / "out of," depending on the interpretation of the Hebrew preposition מִן, min) suggests that Job anticipates seeing God not as a disembodied spirit, but through a renewed or resurrected physical form. It points to a bodily experience of seeing God, transcending the current state of decay and hinting at a transformed physical existence, emphasizing a personal and embodied encounter.
  • See (Hebrew, châzâh', H2372): A primitive root meaning "to gaze at; mentally to perceive, contemplate (with pleasure); specifically, to have a vision of; behold, look, prophesy, provide, see." This verb implies a direct, personal, and unmediated encounter, rather than merely an intellectual understanding or a distant observation. Job desires a face-to-face, intimate vision of God, signifying a complete vindication and restoration of his relationship with the Divine, a stark contrast to his current experience of God's apparent hiddenness and silence.

Verse Breakdown

  • "And [though] after my skin [worms] destroy this [body],": This opening clause starkly acknowledges the grim reality of Job's imminent physical decay and death. The bracketed words in the KJV (e.g., "worms," "body") are interpretive additions, but the core meaning remains: Job's physical being is subject to complete destruction. This phrase sets up a powerful contrast, emphasizing the dire circumstances from which Job's hope springs. It is a raw, unflinching recognition of mortality and the ultimate fate of the human body without divine intervention, painting a picture of utter physical dissolution.
  • "yet in my flesh shall I see God:": This is the triumphant declaration that follows the grim reality of decay. The "yet" introduces a profound shift from despair to unwavering hope. Job asserts that despite the destruction of his current body, he will, in a future physical state ("in my flesh"), personally behold God. This is not merely a spiritual vision but a bodily encounter, implying a resurrection or transformation of his physical being. It speaks to a deep conviction that God will ultimately vindicate him and that their relationship will be restored in a tangible, personal way beyond death, signifying a profound and ultimate triumph over mortality.

Literary Devices

Job 19:26 is rich in literary devices that amplify its profound message. The most prominent is Contrast, as Job starkly juxtaposes the utter decay and destruction of his physical body ("after my skin [worms] destroy this [body]") with the triumphant and personal vision of God he anticipates ("yet in my flesh shall I see God"). This creates a powerful dramatic effect, highlighting the depth of his faith against the backdrop of his despair. There is also an element of Paradox, as Job expects to see God in his flesh even after that flesh has been destroyed, hinting at a transformed or resurrected body that transcends the limitations of his current mortal frame. The verse functions as a Declaration or Affirmation, a resolute statement of Job's unwavering conviction, delivered with prophetic certainty despite his current suffering and the accusations of his friends. This declaration also serves as a profound Foreshadowing of later biblical doctrines, particularly the New Testament's clear teaching on the bodily resurrection of believers and the ultimate face-to-face encounter with God in glory.

THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS

Job 19:26 is a cornerstone Old Testament passage for understanding the ancient Israelite hope in life beyond death and bodily resurrection. It stands as a powerful testament to the enduring nature of faith even when all earthly hope seems lost, affirming that God's ultimate justice and personal relationship with His people transcend the grave. This declaration anticipates the New Testament's full revelation of resurrection, providing an early glimpse into the divine plan for ultimate vindication and eternal life. Job's desire to "see God" reflects a deep yearning for communion and justice, a hope that ultimately finds its fulfillment in the person and work of Jesus Christ, who conquered death and opened the way for humanity to truly see God.

REFLECTION AND APPLICATION

Job 19:26 offers profound comfort and challenge to believers navigating suffering and uncertainty. It reminds us that our hope is not rooted in our fleeting physical circumstances or the absence of pain, but in the immutable character of God and His ultimate promises. In moments when our bodies fail, our dreams shatter, or injustice prevails, Job's declaration calls us to fix our gaze beyond the present decay to the future glory—a personal, transformative encounter with our God. It encourages a faith that perseveres through the darkest valleys, confident that even death cannot sever the bond with our Redeemer, and that ultimate vindication and restoration await those who trust in Him. This verse invites us to cultivate a deep, eschatological hope that anchors our souls amidst life's storms, knowing that our ultimate destiny is to see God face to face, and that His justice will ultimately prevail over all suffering and apparent defeat.

Questions for Reflection

  • How does Job's unwavering hope in future vindication despite his profound present suffering challenge your understanding of faith during difficult times?
  • In what ways does the promise of seeing God "in my flesh" provide comfort or reshape your perspective on mortality and the afterlife, especially concerning physical limitations or loss?
  • What practical steps can you take to cultivate a more enduring, resurrection-focused hope in your daily life, especially when faced with physical decay, emotional distress, or the seeming triumph of injustice?

FAQ

Does Job 19:26 explicitly teach bodily resurrection?

Answer: While the Old Testament's understanding of resurrection develops over time, Job 19:26 is widely considered one of its clearest and earliest articulations of a belief in bodily resurrection. The phrase "yet in my flesh shall I see God" strongly suggests that Job anticipates a personal, physical encounter with God, implying a renewed or transformed body, rather than merely a disembodied spiritual existence in Sheol. This declaration is a powerful foreshadowing of the more explicit teachings on resurrection found later in the Old Testament (e.g., Daniel 12:2) and fully revealed in the New Testament through Christ's resurrection (e.g., 1 Corinthians 15). It speaks to a hope that transcends the grave and anticipates a future physical existence in God's presence, affirming a tangible, personal restoration.

CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT

Job 19:26, with its profound declaration of seeing God "in my flesh" despite bodily decay, finds its ultimate and glorious fulfillment in Jesus Christ. Job's longing for a Redeemer who would stand upon the earth and vindicate him (as mentioned in Job 19:25) is perfectly realized in Christ, who is indeed "the resurrection and the life" (John 11:25). Jesus, by His own physical resurrection from the dead, became the "firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep" (1 Corinthians 15:20), guaranteeing the bodily resurrection of all who believe in Him. Job's hope of seeing God in his flesh is fulfilled for believers through Christ, who promises that we will ultimately see God "face to face" (1 Corinthians 13:12) and be like Him, "for we shall see Him just as He is" (1 John 3:2). The ultimate vindication Job sought is found in Christ's atoning work, which reconciles humanity to God, enabling that very personal and eternal vision. Thus, Job's ancient cry of faith echoes through the ages, pointing directly to the redemptive work of the Messiah who conquers death and secures our hope of a resurrected body and eternal communion with God.

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Commentary on Job 19 verses 23–29

I. II. Main points1. 2. Sub-points

In all the conferences between Job and his friends we do not find any more weighty and considerable lines than these; would one have expected it? Here is much both of Christ and heaven in these verses: and he that said such things as these declared plainly that he sought the better country, that is, the heavenly; as the patriarchs of that age did, Heb 11:14. We have here Job's creed, or confession of faith. His belief in God the Father Almighty, the Maker of heaven and earth, and the principles of natural religion, he had often professed: but here we find him no stranger to revealed religion; though the revelation of the promised Seed, and the promised inheritance, was then discerned only like the dawning of the day, yet Job was taught of God to believe in a living Redeemer, and to look for the resurrection of the dead and the life of the world to come, for of these, doubtless, he must be understood to speak. These were the things he comforted himself with the expectation of, and not a deliverance from his trouble or a revival of his happiness in this world, as some would understand him; for besides that the expressions he here uses, of the Redeemer's standing at the latter day upon the earth, of his seeing God, and seeing him for himself, are wretchedly forced if they be understood of any temporal deliverance, it is very plain that he had no expectation at all of his return to a prosperous condition in this world. He had just now said that his way was fenced up, (Job 19:8) and his hope removed like a tree, Job 19:10. Nay, and after this he expressed his despair of any comfort in this life, Job 23:8, Job 23:9; Job 30:23. So that we must necessarily understand him of the redemption of his soul from the power of the grave, and his reception to glory, which is spoken of, Psa 49:15. We have reason to think that Job was just now under an extraordinary impulse of the blessed Spirit, which raised him above himself, gave him light, and gave him utterance, even to his own surprise. And some observe that, after this, we do not find Job's discourses such passionate, peevish, unbecoming, complaints of God and his providence as we have before met with: this hope quieted his spirit, stilled the storm and, having here cast anchor within the veil, his mind was kept steady from this time forward. Let us observe,

I. To what intent Job makes this confession of his faith here. Never did any thing come in more pertinently, or to better purpose. 1. Job was now accused, and this was his appeal. His friends reproached him as a hypocrite and contemned him as a wicked man; but he appeals to his creed, to his faith, to his hope, and to his own conscience, which not only acquitted him from reigning sin, but comforted him with the expectation of a blessed resurrection. These are not the words of him that has a devil. He appeals to the coming of the Redeemer, from this wrangle at the bar to the judgment of the bench, even to him to whom all judgment is committed, who he knew would right him. The consideration of God's day coming will make it a very small thing with us to be judged of man's judgment, Co1 4:3, Co1 4:4. How easily may we bear the unjust calumnies and reproaches of men while we expect the glorious appearance of our Redeemer, and his redeemed, at the last day, and that there will then be a resurrection of names, as well as bodies! 2. Job was now afflicted, and this was his cordial; when he was pressed above measure this kept him from fainting - he believed that he should see the goodness of the Lord in the land of the living; not in this world, for that is the land of the dying.

II. With what a solemn preface he introduces it, Job 19:23, Job 19:24. He breaks off his complaints abruptly, to triumph his comforts, which he does, not only for his own satisfaction, but for the edification of others. Those now about him, he feared, would little regard what he said, and so it proved, He therefore wished it might be recorded for the generations to come. O that my words were now written, the words I am now about to say! As if he had said, "I own I have spoken many unadvised words, which I could wish might be forgotten, for they will neither do me credit nor do others good. But I am now going to speak deliberately, and that which I desire may be published to all the world and preserved for the generations to come, in perpetuam rei memoriam - for an abiding memorial, and therefore that it may be written plainly and printed, or drawn out in large and legible characters, so that he that runs may read it; and that it may not be left in loose papers, but put into a book; or, if that should perish, that it may be engraven like an inscription upon a monument, with an iron pen in lead, or in the stone; let the engraver use all his art to make it a durable appeal to posterity." That which Job here somewhat passionately wished for God graciously granted him. His words are written; they are printed in God's book; so that, wherever that book is read, there shall this be told for a memorial concerning Job. He believed, therefore he spoke.

III. What his confession itself is; what are the words which he would have to be written; we here have them written, Job 19:25-27. Let us observe them.

1.He believes the glory of the Redeemer and his own interest in him (Job 19:25): I know that my Redeemer liveth, that he is in being and is my life, and that he shall stand at last, or stand the last, or at the latter day, upon (or above) the earth. He shall be raised up, or, He shall be, at the latter day, (that is, in the fulness of time: the gospel day is called the last time because that is the last dispensation) upon the earth: so it points at his incarnation; or, He shall be lifted up from the earth (so it points at his crucifixion), or raised up out of the earth (so it is applicable to his resurrection), or, as we commonly understand it, At the end of time he shall appear over the earth, for he shall come in the clouds, and every eye shall see him, so close shall he come to this earth. He shall stand upon the dust (so the word is), upon all his enemies, which shall be put a dust under his feet; and he shall tread upon them and triumph over them. Observe here, (1.) That there is a Redeemer provided for fallen man, and Jesus Christ is that Redeemer. The word is Goel which is used for the next of kin, to whom, by the law of Moses, the right of redeeming a mortgaged estate did belong, Lev 25:25. Our heavenly inheritance was mortgaged by sin; we are ourselves utterly unable to redeem it; Christ is near of kin to us, the next kinsman that is able to redeem; he has paid our debt, satisfied God's justice for sin, and so has taken off the mortgage and made a new settlement of the inheritance. Our persons also want a Redeemer; we are sold for sin, and sold under sin; our Lord Jesus has wrought out a redemption for us, and proclaims redemption for us, and proclaims redemption to us, and so he is truly the Redeemer. (2.) He is a living Redeemer. As we are made by a living God, so we are saved by a living Redeemer, who is both almighty and eternal, and is therefore able to save to the uttermost. Of him it is witnessed that he liveth, Heb 7:8; Rev 1:18. We are dying, but he liveth, and hath assured us that because he lives we shall live also, Joh 14:19. (3.) There are those that through grace have an interest in this Redeemer, and can, upon good grounds, call him theirs. When Job had lost all his wealth and all his friends, yet he was not separated from Christ, nor cut off from his relation to him: "Still he is my Redeemer." That next kinsman adhered to him when all his other kindred forsook him, and he had the comfort of it. (4.) Our interest in the Redeemer is a thing that may be known; and, where it is known, it may be triumphed in, as sufficient to balance all our griefs: I know (observe with what an air of assurance he speaks it, as one confident of this very thing), I know that my Redeemer lives. His friends have often charged him with ignorance or vain knowledge; but he knows enough, and knows to good purpose, who knows Christ to be his Redeemer. (5.) There will be a latter day, a last day, a day when time shall be no more, Rev 10:6. That is a day we are concerned to think of every day. (6.) Our Redeemer will at that day stand upon the earth, or over the earth, to summon the dead out of their graves, and determine them to an unchangeable state; for to him all judgment is committed. He shall stand, at the last, on the dust to which this earth will be reduced by the conflagration.

2.He believes the happiness of the redeemed, and his own title to that happiness, that, at Christ's second coming, believers shall be raised up in glory and so made perfectly blessed in the vision and fruition of God; and this he believes with application to himself. (1.) He counts upon the corrupting of his body in the grave, and speaks of it with a holy carelessness and unconcernedness: Though, after my skin (which is already wasted and gone, none of it remaining but the skin of my teeth, Job 19:20) they destroy (those that are appointed to destroy it, the grave and the worms in it of which he had spoken, Job 17:14) this body. The word body is added: "Though they destroy this, this skeleton, this shadow (Job 17:7), this that I lay my hand upon," or (pointing perhaps to his weak and withered limbs) "this that you see, call it what you will; I expect that shortly it will be a feast for the worms." Christ's body saw not corruption, but ours must. And Job mentions this, that the glory of the resurrection he believed and hoped for might shine the more brightly. Note, It is good for us often to think, not only of the approaching death of our bodies, but of their destruction and dissolution in the grave; yet let not that discourage our hope of their resurrection, for the same power that made man's body at first, out of common dust, can raise it out of its own dust. This body which we now take such care about, and make such provision for, will in a little time be destroyed. Even my reins (says Job) shall be consumed within me (Job 19:27); the innermost part of the body, which perhaps putrefies first. (2.) He comforts himself with the hopes of happiness on the other side death and the grave: After I shall awake (so the margin reads it), though this body be destroyed, yet out of my flesh shall I see God. [1.] Soul and body shall come together again. That body which must be destroyed in the grave shall be raised again, a glorious body: Yet in my flesh I shall see God. The separate soul has eyes wherewith to see God, eyes of the mind; but Job speaks of seeing him with eyes of flesh, in my flesh, with my eyes; the same body that died shall rise again, a true body, but a glorified body, fit for the employments and entertainments of that world, and therefore a spiritual body, Co1 15:44. Let us therefore glorify God with our bodies because there is such a glory designed for them. [2.] Job and God shall come together again: In my flesh shall I see God, that is, the glorified Redeemer, who is God. I shall see God in my flesh (so some read it), the Son of God clothed with a body which will be visible even to eyes of flesh. Though the body, in the grave, seem despicable and miserable, yet it shall be dignified and made happy in the vision of God. Job now complained that he could not get a sight of God (Job 23:8, Job 23:9), but hoped to see him shortly, never more to lose the sight of him, and that sight of him will be the more welcome after the present darkness and distance. Note, It is the blessedness of the blessed that they shall see God, shall see him as he is, see him face to face, and no longer through a glass darkly. See with what pleasure holy Job enlarges upon this (Job 19:27): "Whom I shall see for myself," that is, "see and enjoy, see to my own unspeakable comfort and satisfaction. I shall see him as mine, as mine with an appropriating sight," Rev 21:3. God himself shall be with them and be their God; they shall be like him, for they shall see him as he is, that is seeing for themselves, Jo1 3:2. My eyes shall behold him, and not another. First, "He, and not another for him, shall be seen, not a type or figure of him, but he himself." Glorified saints are perfectly sure that they are not imposed upon; it is no deceptio visus - illusion of the senses. Secondly, "I, and not another for me, shall see him. Though my flesh and body be consumed, yet I shall not need a proxy; I shall see him with my own eyes." This was what Job hoped for, and what he earnestly desired, which, some think, is the meaning of the last clause: My reins are spent in my bosom, that is, "all my desires are summed up and concluded in this; this will crown and complete them all; let me have this, and I shall have nothing more to desire; it is enough; it is all." With this the prayers of David, the son of Jesse, are ended.

IV. The application of this to his friends. His creed spoke comfort to himself, but warning and terror to those that set themselves against him.

1.It was a word of caution to them not to proceed and persist in their unkind usage of him, Job 19:28. He had reproved them for what they had said, and now tells them what they should say for the reducing of themselves and one another to a better temper. "Why persecute we him thus? Why do we grieve him and vex him, by censuring and condemning him, seeing the root of the matter, or the root of the word, is found in him?" Let this direct us, (1.) In our care concerning ourselves. We are all concerned to see to it that the root of the matter be found in us. A living, quickening, commanding, principle of grace in the heart, is the root of the matter, as necessary to our religion as the root to the tree, to which it owes both its fixedness and its fruitfulness. Love to God and our brethren, faith in Christ, hatred of sin - these are the root of the matter; other things are but leaves in comparison with these. Serious godliness is the one thing needful. (2.) In our conduct towards our brethren. We are to believe that many have the root of the matter in them who are not in every thing of our mind - who have their follies, and weaknesses, and mistakes - and to conclude that it is at our peril if we persecute any such. Woe be to him that offends one of those little ones! God will resent and revenge it. Job and his friends differed in some notions concerning the methods of Providence, but they agreed in the root of the matter, the belief of another world, and therefore should not persecute one another for these differences.

2.It was a word of terror to them. Christ's second coming will be very dreadful to those that are found smiting their fellow servants (Mat 24:49), and therefore (v. 29), "Be you afraid of the sword, the flaming sword of God's justice, which turns every way; fear, lest you make yourselves obnoxious to it." Good men need to be frightened from sin by the terrors of the Almighty, particularly from the sin of rashly judging their brethren, Mat 7:1; Jam 3:1. Those that are peevish and passionate with their brethren, censorious of them and malicious towards them, should know, not only that their wrath, whatever it pretends, works not the righteousness of God, but that, (1.) They may expect to smart for it in this world: It brings the punishments of the sword. Wrath leads to such crimes as expose men to the sword of the magistrate. God himself often takes vengeance for it, and those that showed no mercy shall find no mercy. (2.) If they repent not, that will be an earnest of worse. By these you may know there is a judgment, not only a present government, but a future judgment, in which hard speeches must be accounted for.

Matthew Henry (1662–1714) — Commentary on the Whole Bible. This section covers verses 23–29. Public domain.
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Ephrem the SyrianAD 373
COMMENTARY ON JOB 19:25
“For I know that my Redeemer lives and that at last he will be revealed upon the earth.” Here the blessed Job predicts the future manifestation of Emmanuel in the flesh at the end of time.
John ChrysostomAD 407
COMMENTARY ON JOB 19:25-26
“For I know that he, who is about to deliver me on earth, is immortal.” That is, he who has to deliver me on earth is God. What does this mean? If God is immortal, why do you want your words to be written and their memory to remain eternally, in an imperishable manner? Notice the state of the soul of those who are in distress. They want not only those who are seeing these events now, but also those, who will come later, to be witnesses of their own misfortunes, in order to obtain, in a sense, a certain sympathy from everyone. This is evidently what the rich man tried to do when he wanted to inform everybody about his own misfortunes and about the situation in which he who previously lived in luxury finally finds himself.“He will raise up my body that endures these sufferings, for it is the Lord who caused them.” Did Job know the doctrine of resurrection? I believe so, and the doctrine concerning the resurrection of the body, unless he says here that the resurrection that he speaks about is the deliverance from the afflictions that pressed him. That is why, Job says, even after my deliverance, I want my afflictions to be immortal. This is an extremely wise way to keep always before one’s eyes the punishments of God even after they have gone.… “For it is the Lord,” he says, “who caused these sufferings.” Job is correct in saying that the Lord will be the actual cause of his change. “He strikes,” Job says, “and he heals.”
Gregory the DialogistAD 604
72. Whereas the ‘skin’ is expressly named, all doubt of a true resurrection is removed; in that our body will not, as Eutychius the Bishop of Constantinople wrote, in that gloriousness of the resurrection be impalpable, and more subtle than the wind and air: for in that gloriousness of the resurrection our body will be subtle indeed by the efficacy of a spiritual power, but palpable by the reality of its nature; whence also our Redeemer, when the disciples doubted of His resurrection, showed them His hands and feet, and offered His bones and flesh to be touched, saying, Handle Me and see; for a spirit hath not flesh and bones as ye see Me have. [Luke 24, 39] And when, being placed in the city of Constantinople, I brought before Eutychius this testimony of truth from the Gospel, he said, ‘For this reason the Lord did this, that He might take away all doubt of the resurrection from the hearts of the disciples.’ To whom I said; ‘This is a very extraordinary thing that you assert, that doubting should arise to ourselves from the same quarter, whence the hearts of the disciples were cured of doubting.’ For what can be said worse than that that is made doubtful to us relating to His true flesh, whereby His disciples were restored anew to faith from all doubting? For if He is declared not to have had that, which He manifested; from the same source, from whence the faith of His disciples is confirmed, ours is destroyed. And he further added, saying, ‘He had that body which He showed a palpable body; but after the hearts of those that handled it were confirmed, all that in the Lord which was capable of being handled, was reduced into a certain subtle quality.’ To which same I answered, saying; ‘It is written, Knowing that Christ being raised from the dead dieth no more, death hath no more dominion over Him. [Rom. 6, 9] If then there was aught in the Body which was capable of being altered after His resurrection, contrary to the truly spoken declaration of Paul, the Lord after His resurrection returned into death; and what fool even would venture to say this, save he that denies the true resurrection of His flesh?’ Then he objected to me, saying, ‘Whereas it is written; Flesh and blood cannot inherit the Kingdom of God, [1 Cor. 15, 50] by what means is it to be supposed that the flesh truly rises again?’ To whom I say; ‘In Holy Writ flesh is named in one way according to nature, and in another way according to sin or corruption.’ For there is flesh according to nature, as where it is written, This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh. [Gen. 2, 23] And, The Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us. [John 1, 14] But there is flesh according to sin, as where it is written, My Spirit shall not always abide in those men, for that they are flesh. [Gen. 6, 3] And as the Psalmist saith; For He remembered that they were but flesh, a wind that passeth away, and cometh not again. [Ps. 78, 39] Whence too Paul said to the disciples; But ye are not in the flesh, but in the spirit. [Rom. 8, 9] For it was not that these persons were not in the flesh, to whom he was sending letters, but for that they had subdued the motions of carnal passions, henceforth, free through the efficacy of the Spirit, they ‘were not in the flesh.’ Therefore in respect to what Paul says, that flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God, he would have flesh to be understood as applied to sin, not flesh as applied to nature. Hence directly afterwards that he was speaking of flesh after sin he makes plain, by adding; Neither doth corruption inherit incorruption. Therefore in that glory of the heavenly kingdom there will be flesh according to nature, but not flesh according to the desire of the passions; in that the sting of death being overcome, it will reign in eternal incorruptibility.’
73. To which words the same Eutychius directly answered that he assented, yet still he denied that the body could rise again a palpable body. Who in the treatise too which he had written concerning the resurrection, had put in the testimony of the Apostle Paul, when he says; That which thou sowest is not quickened except it die. And that which thou sowest, thou sowest not that body that shall be, but bare grain. [1 Cor. 15, 36. 37.] Being eager to show this, that the flesh will either be impalpable [Nearly all MSS. read, ‘palpabilis,’ which, if right, must come under the following negative], or will not be itself identically, seeing that the holy Apostle, when treating of the glory of the resurrection, says that ‘it was not sown the body that it shall be.’ But the answer to this is soon made. For the Apostle Paul, when he says, Thou sowest not that body that shall be, but bare grain, is telling us of what we see; viz. that the grain, which is sown without a stalk or leaves, springs up with a stalk and leaves; so that he, in heightening the glory of the resurrection, did not say that what it was is wanting to it, but that what it was not is present: but this man, whereas he denies the real body to rise again, does not say that what was wanting is there, but that what it was is wanting.
74. Upon this, then, we being led on in long disputing on this point, we began to recoil from one another with the greatest animosity, when the Emperor Tiberius Constantine, of religious memory, bringing myself and him to a private audience, learnt what dispute was being carried on between us, and weighing the statement of both sides, and by his own allegations as well disproving that same book which he had written concerning the resurrection, determined that it ought to be consumed in the flames. Upon our leaving whom, I was seized with a grievous sickness, while to that same Eutychius sickness and death shortly followed. And when he was dead, because there was well nigh no one who followed his statements, I held back from prosecuting what I had commenced, lest I should seem to be darting words at his ashes, but while he was still alive, and I sick of violent fever, I if any of my acquaintance went to him for the sake of greeting him, as I learnt from their relation, he used to take hold on the skin of his hand before their eyes, saying, ‘I confess that we shall all rise again in this flesh;’ which as they themselves avowed he was before wont altogether to deny.
75. But let us, laying aside these considerations, minutely search out in the words of blessed Job, if there will be a true resurrection, and the true body in that resurrection; for, lo, we are no longer able to doubt of the hope of the resurrection, in that he says, And that I shall rise at the last day from the earth. Moreover he has removed all doubting of the true renewal of the body, in that he says, And I shall be again encompassed with my skin. And he still further adds, with the view of removing the misgivings of our thought;
And in my flesh shall I see God.
76. Mark, he owns the resurrection, ‘the skin,’ ‘the flesh,’ in explicit words. What is there left then, by which our mind should have occasion to doubt? If this holy man then before the fact of the Lord’s resurrection, believed in the flesh being destined to be brought back to its entire state, what will be the guilt of our doubting, if the true resurrection of the flesh not even after the proof of our Redeemer obtains credit? For if after the resurrection there will not be a palpable body, surely another person rises again than dies: which is profane to say; viz. to believe that it is I who die, and another that doth rise again [ABCD, ‘another shall rise.’]. Wherefore I entreat thee, blessed Job, add how thou art minded, and remove from us all ground of scruple on this point. It follows;
Ver. 27. Whom I shall see for myself, and mine eyes shall behold, and not another.
77. For if, as certain votaries of false opinions believe, after the resurrection there shall be no palpable body, but the subtle quality of an invisible body shall be called the flesh, though there be no substance of flesh, then surely he that dies is one person, and he that rises again is another. But blessed Job destroys this assertion for them by a truthtelling voice, in that he says, Whom I shall see for myself; and mine eyes shall behold, and not another. But we, following the faith that blessed Job held, and truly believing the palpable Body of our Redeemer after His resurrection, confess that our flesh after the resurrection will be at once both the same and different, the same in respect of nature, different in respect of glory, the same in its reality, different in its power. Thus it will be subtle, in that it will be incorruptible; it will be palpable, in that it will not lose the essence of its very and true nature. But that same assurance of the resurrection the holy man subjoins with what sure hope he holds it, with what certainty he awaits it. It goes on;
This my hope is laid up in my bosom.
78. We suppose that we hold nothing more surely than what we have in our bosom; and so he kept ‘hope laid up in his bosom,’ in that he laid hold beforehand on true certainty concerning the hope of the resurrection. But whereas he made known that the day of the resurrection would come, he now, whether in his own voice, or in a figure of the holy and universal Church, reproves the deeds of the wicked, and foretells the Judgment which ensues on the day of the resurrection.
Source: Quotations drawn from early Church Fathers and historical Christian theologians (AD 100–1500). Some quotes address the surrounding passage context rather than this verse alone.
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