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Commentary on Isaiah 54 verses 11–17
Very precious promises are here made to the church in her low condition, that God would not only continue his love to his people under their troubles as before, but that he would restore them to their former prosperity, nay, that he would raise them to greater prosperity than any they had yet enjoyed. In the foregoing chapter we had the humiliation and exaltation of Christ; here we have the humiliation and exaltation of the church; for, if we suffer with him, we shall reign with him. Observe,
I. The distressed state the church is here reduced to by the providence of God (Isa 54:11): "O thou afflicted, poor, and indigent society, that art tossed with tempests, like a ship driven from her anchors by a storm and hurried into the ocean, where she is ready to be swallowed up by the waves, and in this condition not comforted by any compassionate friend that will sympathize with thee, or suggest to thee any encouraging considerations (Ecc 4:1), not comforted by any allay to thy trouble, or prospect of deliverance out of it." This was the condition of the Jews in Babylon, and afterwards, for a time, under Antiochus. It is often the condition of Christian churches and of particular believers; without are fightings, within are fears; they are like the disciples in a storm, ready to perish; and where is their faith?
II. The glorious state the church is here advanced to by the promise of God. God takes notice of the afflicted distressed state of his church, and comforts her, when she is most disconsolate and has no other comforter. Let the people of God, when they are afflicted and tossed, think they hear God speaking comfortably to them by these words, taking notice of their griefs and fears, what afflictions they are under, what distresses they are in, and what comforts their case calls for. When they bemoan themselves, God bemoans them, and speaks to them with pity: O thou afflicted, tossed with tempests, and not comforted; for in all their afflictions he is afflicted. But this is not all; he engages to raise her up out of her affliction, and encourages her with the assurance of the great things he would do for her, both for her prosperity and for the securing of that prosperity to her.
1.Whereas now she lay in disgrace, God promises that which would be her beauty and honour, which would make her easy to herself and amiable in the eyes of others.
(1.)This is here promised by a similitude taken from a city, and it is an apt similitude, for the church is the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem. Whereas now Jerusalem lay in ruins, a heap of rubbish, it shall be not only rebuilt, but beautified, and appear more splendid than ever; the stones shall be laid not only firm, but fine, laid with fair colours; they shall be glistering stones, Ch1 29:2. The foundations shall be laid or garnished with sapphires, the most precious of the precious stones here mentioned; for Christ (the church's foundation), and the foundation of the apostles and prophets, are precious above any thing else. The windows of this house, city, or temple, shall be made of agates, the gates of carbuncles, and all the borders (the walls that enclose the courts, or the boundaries by which her limits are marked, the mere-stones) shall be of pleasant stones, Isa 54:12. Never was this literally true; but it intimates, [1.] That, God having graciously undertaken to build his church, we may expect that to be done for it, that to be wrought in it, which is very great and uncommon. [2.] That the glory of the New Testament church shall far exceed that of the Jewish church, not in external pomp and splendour, but in those gifts and graces of the Spirit which are infinitely more valuable, that wisdom which is more precious than rubies (Pro 3:15), than the precious onyx and the sapphire, and which the topaz of Ethiopia cannot equal, Job 28:16, Job 28:19. [3.] That the wealth of this world, and those things of it that are accounted most precious, shall be despised by all the true living members of the church, as having no value, no glory, in comparison with that which far excels. That which the children of this world lay up among their treasures, and too often in their hearts, the children of God make pavements of, and put under their feet, the fittest place of it.
(2.)It is here promised in the particular instances of those things that shall be the beauty and honour of the church, which are knowledge, holiness, and love, the very image of God, in which man was created, renewed, and restored. And these are the sapphires and carbuncles, the precious and pleasant stones, with which the gospel temple shall be enriched and beautified, and these wrought by the power and efficacy of those doctrines which the apostle compares to gold or silver, and precious stones, that are to be built upon the foundation, Co1 3:12. Then the church is all glorious, [1.] When it is full of the knowledge of God, and that is promised here (Isa 54:13): All thy children shall be taught of the Lord. The church's children, being born of God, shall be taught of God; being his children by adoption, he will take care of their education. It was promised (Isa 54:1) that the church's children should be many; but lest we should think that being many, as sometimes it happens in numerous families, they will be neglected, and not have instruction given them so carefully as if they were but few, God here takes that work into his own hand: They shall all be taught of the Lord; and none teaches like him. First, It is a promise of the means of instruction and those means authorized by a divine institution: They shall all be taught of God, that is, they shall be taught by those whom God shall appoint and whose labours shall be under his direction and blessing. He will ordain the methods of instruction, and by his word and ordinances will diffuse a much greater light than the Old Testament church had. Care shall be taken for the teaching of the church's children, that knowledge may be transmitted from generation to generation, and that all may be enriched with it, from the least even to the greatest. Secondly, It is a promise of the Spirit of illumination. Our Saviour quotes it with application to gospel grace, and makes it to have its accomplishment in all those that were brought to believe in him (Joh 6:45): It is written in the prophets, They shall be all taught of God, whence he infers that those, and those only, come to him by faith that have heard and learned of the Father, that are taught by him as the truth is in Jesus, Eph 4:21. There shall be a plentiful effusion of the Spirit of grace upon Christians, to teach them all things, Joh 14:26. [2.] When the members of it live in love and unity among themselves: Great shall be the peace of thy children. Peace may be taken here for all good. As where no knowledge of God is no good can be expected, so those that are taught of God to know him are in a fair way to prosper for both worlds. Great peace have those that know and love God's law, Psa 119:165. But it is often put for love and unity; and so we may take it. All that are taught of God are taught to love one another (Th1 4:9) and that will keep peace among the church's children and prevent their falling out by the way. [3.] When holiness reigns; for that above any thing is the beauty of the church (Isa 54:14): In righteousness shall thou be established. The reformation of manners, the restoration of purity, the due administration of public justice, and the prevailing of honesty and fair dealing among men, are the strength and stability of any church or state. The kingdom of God, set up by the gospel of Christ, is not meat and drink, but this righteousness and peace, holiness and love.
2.Whereas now she lay in danger, God promises that which would be her protection and security.
(1.)God engages here that though, in the day of her distress, without were fightings and within were fears, now she shall be safe from both. [1.] There shall be no fears within (Isa 54:14): "Thou shalt be far from oppression. Those that have oppressed thee shall be removed, those that would oppress thee shall be restrained, and therefore thou shalt not fear, but mayest look upon it as a thing at a great distance, that thou art now in no danger of. Thou shalt be far from terror, not only from evil, but from the fear of evil, for it shall not come near thee so as to do thee any hurt or to put thee in any fright." Note, Those are far from terror that are far from oppression; for it is as great a terror as can fall on a people to have the rod of government turned into the serpent of oppression, because against this there is no fence, nor is there any flight from it. [2.] There shall be no fightings without. Though attempts should be made upon them to insult them, to invade their country, or besiege their towns, they should all be in vain, and none of them succeed, Isa 54:15. It is granted, "They shall surely gather together against thee; thou must expect it." The confederate force of hell and earth will be renewing their assaults. As long as there is a devil in hell, and a persecutor out of it, God's people must expect frequent alarms; but, First, God will not own them, will not give them either commission or countenance; they gather together, hand joins in hand, but it is not by me. God gave them no such order as he did to Sennacherib, to take the spoil, and to take the prey, Isa 10:6. And therefore, Secondly, Their attempt will end in their own ruin: "Whosoever shall gather together against thee, be they ever so many and ever so mighty, they shall not only be baffled, but they shall fall for thy sake, or they shall fall before thee, which shall be the just punishment of their enmity to thee." God will make them to fall for the sake of the love he bears to his church and the care he has of it, in answer to the prayers made by his people, and in pursuance of the promises made to them. "They shall fall, that thou mayest stand," Psa 27:2.
(2.)That we may with the greatest assurance depend upon God for the safety of his church, we have here, [1.] The power of God over the church's enemies asserted, Isa 54:16. The truth is they have no power but what is given them from above, and he that gave them their power can limit and restrain them. Hitherto they shall go, and no further. First, They cannot carry on their design without arms and weapons of war; and the smith that makes those weapons is God's creature, and he gave him his skill to work in iron and brass (Exo 31:3, Exo 31:4) and particularly to make proper instruments for warlike purposes. It is melancholy to think, as if men did not die fast enough of themselves, how ingenious and industrious they are to make instruments of death and to find out ways and means to kill one another. The smith blows the coals in the fire, to make his iron malleable, to soften it first, that it may be hardened into steel, and so he may bring forth an instrument proper for the work of those that seek to destroy. It is the iron age that is the age of war. But God has created the smith, and therefore can tie his hands, so that the project of the enemy shall miscarry (as many a project has done) for want of arms and ammunition. Or the smith that forges the weapons is perhaps put here for the council of war that forms the design, blows the coals of contention, and brings forth the plan of the war; these can do no more than God will let them. Secondly, They cannot carry it on without men, they must have soldiers, and it is God that created the waster to destroy. Military men value themselves upon their great offices and splendid titles, and even the common soldiers call themselves gentlemen; but God calls them wasters made to destroy, for wasting and destruction are their business. They think their own ingenuity, labour, and experience, made them soldiers; but it was God that created them, and gave them strength and spirit for that hazardous employment; and therefore he not only can restrain them, but will serve his own purposes and designs by them. [2.] The promise of God concerning the church's safety solemnly laid down, as the heritage of the servants of the Lord (Isa 54:17), as that which they may depend upon and be confident of, that God will protect them from their adversaries both in camps and courts. First, From their field-adversaries, that think to destroy them by force and violence, and dint of sword: "No weapon that is formed against thee (though ever so artfully formed by the smith that blows the coals, Isa 54:16, though ever so skilfully managed by the waster that seeks to destroy) shall prosper; it shall not prove strong enough to do any harm to the people of God; it shall miss its mark, shall fall out of the hand or perhaps recoil in the face of him that uses it against thee." It is the happiness of the church that no weapons formed against it shall prosper long, and therefore the folly of its enemies will at length be made manifest to all, for they are but preparing instruments of ruin for themselves. Secondly, From their law-adversaries, that think to run them down under colour of right and justice. When the weapons of war do not prosper there are tongues that rise in judgment. Both are included in the gates of hell, that seek to destroy the church; for they had their courts of justice, as well as their magazines and military stores, in their gates. The tongues that rise in judgment against the church are as such as either demand a dominion over it, as if God's children were their lawful captives, pretending an authority to oppress their consciences, or they are such as misrepresent them, and falsely accuse them, and by slanders and calumnies endeavour to make them odious to the people and obnoxious to the government. This the enemies of the Jews did, to incense the kings of Persia against them, Ezr 4:12; Est 3:8. "But these insulting threatening tongues thou shalt condemn; thou shalt have wherewith to answer their insolent demands, and to put to silence their malicious reflections. Thou shalt do it by well-doing (Pe1 2:15), by doing that which will make thee manifest in the consciences even of thy adversaries, that thou art not what thou art represented to be. Thou shalt condemn them, that is, God shall condemn them for thee. He shall bring forth thy righteousness as the light, Psa 37:6. Thou shalt condemn them as Noah condemned the old world that reproached him, by building the ark, and so saving his house, in contempt of their contempts." The day is coming when God will reckon with the wicked men for all their hard speeches which they have spoken against him, Jde 1:15.
The last words refer not only to this promise, but to all that go before: This is the heritage of the servants of the Lord. God's servants are his sons, for he has provided an inheritance for them, rich, sure, and indefeasible. God's promises are their heritage for ever (Psa 119:111); and their righteousness is of me, saith the Lord. God will clear up the righteousness of their cause before men. It is with him, for he knows it; it is with him, for he will plead it. Or their reward for their righteousness, and for all that which they have suffered unrighteously, is of God, that God who judges in the earth, and with whom verily there is a reward for the righteous. Or their righteousness itself, all that in them which is good and right, is of God, who works it in them; it is of Christ who is made righteousness to them. In those for whom God designs a heritage hereafter he will work righteousness now.
I promised to you by grace beforehand—if you no longer struggle with these promises—that no fear of attack by war would touch you. Therefore rejoice in my commandments, for if you do so, these kinds of fears will not affect you—unless you do not guard the commandments and fall into the fear of human reproach. And so, I testify to you and say, “You will be far from oppression, and you will not fear. Terror shall not come near you.” Rather, you will remain close to me and will act in a godly way according to the following words of Isaiah: “the proselytes will come to you.” But they will not come apart from my will, for it says they also will come “through me.”
(Verse 14.) Stay away from slander, for you will not be afraid; and from fear, for it will not come near you. LXX: Depart from evil, and you will not be afraid, and trembling will not come near you. Most beautiful order. He had comforted the poor and humble, promising them spiritual favors. Now he teaches what he should do if he does not want to fear the attacks of his adversaries. And the meaning is: If you do not want to fear your enemies, do what I say: Stay away from slander, or from wickedness: because all wickedness and plunder springs from slander; and you will not be afraid, trembling and fear will not come near you, so that you may fear not men, but God, saying with Moses: I am trembling and fearful (Deut. 9:19); and with one of Job's friends: Horror and trembling have come upon me; and my bones have greatly shaken (Job 4:14); and with the prophet: At the voice of my prayer, trembling entered into my bones (Psalm 66:2); and: On whom will the Lord rest, if not on the humble and quiet, and on him who trembles at his words (Prov. 10)? Moreover, there is another trembling of the wicked, which is born out of fear of punishment. Of this it is written: Trembling seizes the wicked (Psalm 47:7).
And then Isaiah adds, “and you will be built up in righteousness.” For with the utmost rightness the architect and builder of the whole is the wisdom of God, fitting the living and smooth stones to the building. Some he uses for towers, others for foundations and others for walls; some for the building of the temple of the city and others for the surrounding area. And with the rest he builds up the rest of the city, not in the human way by discriminating between types of people or evaluating them, but allowing all in, free and slave, poor and rich, so that they whose lives were unknown receive honor. And then God promises that he will give the church further orders, to step back from evil so that terror shall not come near. He instructs them in the mystery. Formerly the bride was encouraged by the prophets to advance to communion, summoning her through holiness and righteousness. By the kisses of Christ’s mouth we have been kissed. He has appeared in the flesh, speaking mouth to mouth to us. He says that no enemy will prevail against [the church] if it cultivates righteousness.
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SUMMARY
Isaiah 54:14 delivers a profound and comforting promise of security and stability to God's people, portraying a future state where they are immovably grounded in divine righteousness, completely liberated from the oppressive forces that once bound them, and entirely free from the paralyzing grip of fear and terror. This verse encapsulates the divine assurance of comprehensive peace and protection, highlighting that true establishment and unshakeable tranquility, both internal and external, flow directly from a right and covenantal relationship with the faithful God.
CONTEXT
EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
Key Word Analysis
Verse Breakdown
Literary Devices
Isaiah 54:14 masterfully employs several potent literary devices to convey its message of profound hope and unwavering security. Parallelism is prominently featured in the balanced structure of the promises, creating a rhythmic and emphatic flow: "thou shalt be far from oppression" is paralleled with "for thou shalt not fear," and "and from terror" is paralleled with "for it shall not come near thee." This structural repetition reinforces the comprehensive and holistic nature of the promised peace and protection. The verse also utilizes powerful Contrast, setting the glorious promised future of establishment, complete freedom, and profound peace against the stark backdrop of the nation's recent and painful past experiences of oppression, fear, and terror. This sharp juxtaposition powerfully highlights the radical and transformative intervention God will bring about. Furthermore, there is an element of Hyperbole in the absolute nature of the promises ("shalt not fear," "shall not come near thee"), which serves to underscore the divine certainty and the utter completeness of God's protective and redemptive work. The abstract concept of "terror" is subtly Personified as something that can "come near" or be kept at a distance, making the threat feel tangible and, consequently, making the promise of its absolute absence even more impactful and comforting.
THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Isaiah 54:14 stands as an enduring testament to God's unwavering commitment to His covenant people, a commitment rooted deeply in His own righteous character. The promise of being "established in righteousness" speaks to a foundational theological truth: true security, stability, and flourishing are not found in human endeavors, political machinations, or worldly powers, but solely and entirely in a right relationship with the sovereign, just, and faithful God. This "righteousness" is primarily God's own attribute, by which He acts justly and faithfully towards His covenant people, delivering them from their oppressors and establishing them in a state of profound peace. While primarily God's action, it also implicitly calls for the people to live righteously, as their ultimate flourishing is inextricably intertwined with their obedience and alignment with God's perfect ways. The promised freedom from fear and terror is a hallmark of God's shalom, a holistic, all-encompassing peace that transcends the mere absence of conflict to encompass well-being, wholeness, security, and prosperity in every dimension of life.
REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Isaiah 54:14 offers profound and enduring encouragement for believers navigating a world that is frequently characterized by instability, pervasive injustice, and crippling fear. To be "established in righteousness" means recognizing that our ultimate security, our deepest identity, and our truest foundation are not found in fleeting circumstances, personal achievements, or the unstable systems of this world, but in our unshakeable standing with God through the redemptive work of Jesus Christ. This divine foundation provides an unshakeable anchor for the soul, enabling us to face life's inevitable challenges with a peace that truly transcends all human understanding. When we are deeply grounded in God's righteous character and His immutable covenant promises, the external pressures of oppression and the internal anxieties of fear begin to lose their debilitating grip over our lives. This verse powerfully calls us to trust implicitly in God's protective hand, knowing with certainty that He is faithful to deliver us from all that seeks to harm or terrorize us, both physically and spiritually. It serves as a vital reminder that our ultimate security is not defined by the absence of trials, but by the constant, indwelling presence of God in the very midst of them, upholding us by His righteous and omnipotent power.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
What does it mean to be "established in righteousness"?
Answer: To be "established in righteousness" (Hebrew, tsᵉdâqâh, H6666) means that one's foundation, stability, and security are immutably rooted in God's righteous character and His just, faithful dealings. It implies that God Himself, in His perfect justice, moral rectitude, and unwavering faithfulness to His covenant, is the one who sets His people firmly and securely in place. This establishment is not primarily about human moral perfection or earning a right standing, but about being in a right relationship with God, who then acts righteously on their behalf, ensuring their well-being, permanence, and flourishing. This divine establishment inherently brings about a state of profound peace and freedom from both external and internal threats.
How does this verse relate to the experiences of fear and anxiety in modern life?
Answer: Isaiah 54:14 speaks directly and powerfully to the universal human condition of fear and anxiety, promising a divinely secured freedom from their debilitating effects. In modern life, where anxieties about economic instability, social injustice, health crises, environmental concerns, and global conflicts are increasingly prevalent, this verse offers a profound counter-narrative of hope and assurance. It reassures believers that their ultimate security and peace are not dependent on fluctuating worldly circumstances or human efforts, but on God's unchanging character and His immutable promises. Being "far from oppression" and having "terror" not come near speaks to a spiritual and often practical protection that allows for deep inner peace even amidst outward turmoil, echoing the words of Jesus in John 14:27.
CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Isaiah 54:14 finds its ultimate, most profound, and complete fulfillment in the person and work of Jesus Christ and the establishment of the New Covenant. The "righteousness" in which God's people are established is perfectly and definitively realized in Christ. For believers, righteousness is no longer merely an external legal standard or a status based on their own flawed and insufficient obedience, but an imputed righteousness, a divine gift received through saving faith in Jesus, who "became to us wisdom from God, righteousness and sanctification and redemption" (1 Corinthians 1:30). Through His atoning work on the cross, Christ has secured a perfect, unshakeable, and eternal standing for His people before God, establishing them in a covenant of grace that is truly "everlasting" (Isaiah 54:8). This divine establishment in Christ means that the ultimate oppression of sin and death has been decisively overcome by His triumphant victory (Colossians 2:15), and the terror of God's righteous judgment has been fully absorbed and appeased by the sacrificial Lamb of God (John 1:29). Consequently, those who are "in Christ" are truly and eternally "far from oppression" and "terror," experiencing the profound peace that surpasses all understanding (Philippians 4:7) and living without the fear of condemnation, for "there is therefore now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus" (Romans 8:1). The church, as the spiritual New Jerusalem, is the blessed recipient of these glorious promises, established securely and eternally in the perfect righteousness of her Lord.