Ezekiel 18:8

KJV

He [that] hath not given forth upon usury, neither hath taken any increase, [that] hath withdrawn his hand from iniquity, hath executed true judgment between man and man,

KJV (with Strong's)

He that hath not given forth {H5414} upon usury {H5392}, neither hath taken {H3947} any increase {H8636}, that hath withdrawn {H7725} his hand {H3027} from iniquity {H5766}, hath executed {H6213} true {H571} judgment {H4941} between man {H376} and man {H376},

Complete Jewish Bible

he neither demands nor accepts interest on a loan; he refrains from what is evil; and he judges honestly between one person and another.

Berean Standard Bible

He does not engage in usury or take excess interest, but he withholds his hand from iniquity and executes true justice between men.

American Standard Version

he that hath not given forth upon interest, neither hath taken any increase, that hath withdrawn his hand from iniquity, hath executed true justice between man and man,

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Ezekiel 18:8 delineates key characteristics of a righteous individual, emphasizing ethical conduct in financial dealings, active avoidance of wrongdoing, and the impartial administration of justice. This verse is part of a broader prophetic discourse challenging the prevailing notion of inherited guilt, asserting instead God's principle of individual accountability and the direct consequences of personal righteousness or wickedness. It paints a picture of a person whose integrity is demonstrated through concrete actions that uphold communal well-being and divine standards.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Ezekiel 18 is a pivotal chapter in the prophet's message, directly confronting a popular proverb among the exiles: "The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children's teeth are set on edge" [Ezekiel 18:2](/ezekiel/18-2 "Ezekiel 18:2 - The Proverb of Sour Grapes"). This proverb reflected a fatalistic view of inherited sin and punishment, absolving individuals of personal responsibility. In response, God, through Ezekiel, systematically dismantles this idea, asserting the principle of individual accountability. Verses 5-9 provide a detailed description of a righteous person, outlining specific actions that define a just life in God's eyes, contrasting them with the wicked in subsequent verses. Verse 8, specifically, focuses on financial integrity and fair interpersonal dealings, building on the preceding descriptions of a person who does not defile himself with idols, oppress others, or commit sexual sins. It is part of a cumulative portrait of righteousness that culminates in the promise of life for such an individual [Ezekiel 18:9](/ezekiel/18-9 "Ezekiel 18:9 - The Righteous Shall Live").
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The setting is the Babylonian exile, where the Judean people faced profound theological and existential questions. They grappled with why they were suffering, often attributing their plight to the sins of their ancestors. The Mosaic Law, foundational to Israelite society, contained extensive provisions regarding economic justice, particularly concerning lending. Charging interest (usury) to fellow Israelites, especially the poor, was strictly prohibited [Exodus 22:25](/exodus/22-25 "Exodus 22:25 - Law Against Usury"), as it could lead to severe exploitation and perpetual debt, undermining the communal solidarity God intended. This prohibition was distinct from charging interest to foreigners, which was permitted [Deuteronomy 23:20](/deuteronomy/23-20 "Deuteronomy 23:20 - Lending to Foreigners"). The cultural expectation was one of mutual support within the covenant community, where financial assistance was an act of charity, not a means of profit from a brother's distress. Furthermore, the administration of justice was a cornerstone of a righteous society, with judges and elders expected to rule impartially, without favoritism or bribery [Deuteronomy 16:18-20](/deuteronomy/16-18 "Deuteronomy 16:18-20 - Appointment of Judges").
* **Key Themes:** This verse contributes significantly to several overarching themes in Ezekiel and the broader prophetic literature. The primary theme is **Individual Accountability**, directly challenging the deterministic view of inherited sin and emphasizing that each person is responsible for their own choices and actions before God. Related to this is the theme of **Righteousness Defined by Action**, where ethical behavior, rather than mere ritual observance, is presented as the true measure of a person's standing with God. The specific prohibitions against usury and increase highlight **Economic Justice and Compassion for the Vulnerable**, a recurring motif throughout the Old Testament that underscores God's concern for the poor and marginalized. Finally, the emphasis on "true judgment" speaks to **Impartial Justice and Integrity in Community**, asserting that a just society is built upon fairness and equity in all interpersonal dealings, reflecting the very character of God, who is just and righteous [Deuteronomy 32:4](/deuteronomy/32-4 "Deuteronomy 32:4 - God's Perfect Work").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **Usury (Hebrew, _neshek'_):** From H5392, meaning "interest on a debt; usury." This term literally means "biting," conveying the idea of a lender "biting" or exploiting the borrower through excessive interest. It refers specifically to interest charged on money loans. The prohibition was particularly aimed at preventing the oppression of the poor within the Israelite community, ensuring that loans were acts of compassion rather than opportunities for financial gain at another's expense.
* **Withdrawn (Hebrew, _shûwb'_):** From H7725, meaning "to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively." When combined with "his hand from iniquity" (H3027 `yâd`, meaning "hand" and often signifying power or means, and H5766 `ʻevel`, meaning "moral evil, iniquity"), it denotes an active, deliberate, and decisive turning away from evil practices. It implies a conscious choice to disengage from corrupt dealings and oppressive actions, demonstrating a proactive commitment to ethical living rather than passive abstention.
* **Judgment (Hebrew, _mishpâṭ'_):** From H4941, meaning "a verdict... a sentence or formal decree... abstractly, justice... a participant's right or privilege." When qualified by "true" (Hebrew, H571 `ʼemeth`, meaning "stability, certainty, truth, trustworthiness"), "true judgment" (mishpat emet) signifies a decision or action that is based on truth, integrity, and impartiality. It refers to the fair and equitable resolution of disputes, the upholding of rights, and the administration of justice without bias or corruption between individuals.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"He [that] hath not given forth upon usury,"**: This clause describes a person who refrains from lending money at interest to fellow Israelites. This was a fundamental ethical principle in Israelite society, designed to protect the vulnerable and foster communal solidarity. It speaks to a compassionate heart that prioritizes the well-being of others over personal financial gain, especially when dealing with those in need.
* **"neither hath taken any increase,"**: This expands on the previous point, prohibiting any form of additional gain (Hebrew: `tarbîyth`, H8636) on a loan, whether of money, food, or other goods. It covers any profit or premium exacted from a borrower, reinforcing the comprehensive nature of the ban on exploitative lending practices. This individual does not seek to profit from another's necessity.
* **"[that] hath withdrawn his hand from iniquity,"**: This signifies a deliberate and active disengagement from all forms of wrongdoing, injustice, or moral evil. The "hand" often symbolizes power, action, or means, so "withdrawing his hand" implies a conscious decision to cease participation in, or benefit from, any unrighteous activity. It portrays a proactive commitment to ethical purity and integrity.
* **"hath executed true judgment between man and man,"**: This clause highlights the individual's commitment to fairness and impartiality in all interpersonal dealings and disputes. "True judgment" implies decisions and actions that are just, honest, and free from bias or corruption. This person acts as a mediator or participant in a way that upholds truth and equity, ensuring that justice is served for all parties involved, regardless of their status or relationship.

#### Literary Devices
Ezekiel 18:8 employs several literary devices to convey its message with clarity and emphasis. The verse utilizes **Parallelism** and **Anaphora** through the repeated "hath not" and "hath" constructions, creating a rhythmic and memorable list of righteous actions. This structure serves to underscore the cumulative nature of a just life, where multiple ethical behaviors contribute to one's righteousness. The specific actions listed, such as refraining from usury and executing true judgment, are examples of **Ethical Instruction** presented in a direct and prescriptive manner. The phrase "withdrawn his hand from iniquity" is a form of **Metonymy**, where "hand" represents the actions or agency of the person, emphasizing a deliberate and active choice to separate oneself from wrongdoing. The overall tone is one of **Didacticism**, aiming to teach and define what genuine righteousness looks like in practical terms, moving beyond abstract principles to concrete, observable behaviors.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Ezekiel 18:8 powerfully articulates God's enduring concern for justice, equity, and compassion within human society, reflecting His own righteous character. The prohibition against usury and the call for true judgment are not merely legalistic requirements but expressions of a divine ethic that prioritizes the well-being of the community over individual gain through exploitation. This verse underscores the Old Testament's consistent emphasis on social justice, demonstrating that true piety is inextricably linked to how one treats their neighbor, especially the vulnerable. It challenges any notion that spiritual devotion can exist apart from ethical conduct in the marketplace and in interpersonal relationships. The individual described here embodies the covenant ideal, living out God's law not just in ritual, but in the practicalities of daily life, thereby reflecting the very heart of God.

* [Exodus 22:25](/exodus/22-25 "Exodus 22:25 - Law Against Usury")
* [Leviticus 19:15](/leviticus/19-15 "Leviticus 19:15 - Impartial Justice")
* [Micah 6:8](/micah/6-8 "Micah 6:8 - What the Lord Requires")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Ezekiel 18:8 offers a timeless blueprint for living a life of integrity and righteousness in any age. It calls us to examine our financial practices, ensuring that we do not exploit others or profit from their distress, but rather seek to be generous and fair. Beyond financial matters, it challenges us to actively disengage from all forms of injustice, corruption, and moral compromise, choosing instead to align our actions with God's perfect standards. This involves a conscious and ongoing decision to "withdraw our hand" from anything that is not pure, just, or honorable. Furthermore, the verse compels us to be agents of truth and equity in our interactions, striving to render "true judgment" in our families, workplaces, and communities, fostering environments where fairness and respect prevail. Living out these principles is not merely about avoiding sin, but about actively pursuing righteousness, demonstrating a heart transformed by God's character and committed to His kingdom values.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what areas of my life, particularly financial, might I be tempted to prioritize personal gain over the well-being or vulnerability of others?**
* **What "iniquities" or unjust practices in my sphere of influence do I need to actively "withdraw my hand" from, even if it's uncomfortable?**
* **How can I more consistently "execute true judgment" in my daily interactions, ensuring fairness, impartiality, and truthfulness in my words and decisions?**
* **What practical steps can I take this week to embody the principles of financial integrity, active avoidance of wrongdoing, and impartial justice as described in this verse?**

### FAQ

**What does "usury" mean in the context of Ezekiel 18:8, and is it still relevant today?**

Answer: In Ezekiel 18:8, "usury" (Hebrew: `neshek`) refers specifically to charging interest on loans to fellow Israelites, particularly those in need. The underlying principle was to prevent the exploitation of the poor and maintain communal solidarity, as loans within the covenant community were meant to be acts of charity, not profit. While modern financial systems are complex and interest is a standard component, the core ethical principle remains highly relevant. The verse challenges believers to practice financial integrity, avoid predatory lending, and ensure that their financial dealings are marked by fairness, compassion, and a commitment to not taking advantage of others' vulnerability. This applies to personal loans, business practices, and even investment choices.

**How does "withdrawn his hand from iniquity" apply to contemporary life?**

Answer: "Withdrawn his hand from iniquity" signifies a deliberate and active choice to disengage from all forms of wrongdoing, injustice, or moral evil. In contemporary life, this means consciously opting out of corrupt practices, unethical business dealings, gossip, slander, discriminatory behaviors, and any actions that harm others or compromise truth. It calls for a proactive commitment to ethical purity, even when it might be inconvenient or costly. It's about setting boundaries against sin and actively pursuing righteousness in all spheres of life, from personal integrity to social responsibility.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Ezekiel 18:8, with its emphasis on individual righteousness in financial integrity, active avoidance of iniquity, and impartial justice, finds its ultimate fulfillment and deepest meaning in Jesus Christ. While the Old Testament law prescribed the path to righteousness, it also revealed humanity's inability to perfectly fulfill it. Jesus, however, perfectly embodied every aspect of this righteousness. He never engaged in usury or sought unjust gain, instead demonstrating radical generosity by giving His very life as a ransom for many [Mark 10:45](/mark/10-45 "Mark 10:45 - The Son of Man Came to Serve"). He consistently "withdrew His hand from iniquity," not merely avoiding sin but actively confronting and overcoming it, living a life utterly without blemish or moral compromise [Hebrews 4:15](/hebrews/4-15 "Hebrews 4:15 - Jesus, Our High Priest"). Furthermore, Jesus perfectly "executed true judgment between man and man," demonstrating divine wisdom and impartiality in His teachings and interactions, always upholding truth and justice, even when it meant challenging the powerful or defending the marginalized [John 8:15-16](/john/8-15 "John 8:15-16 - Jesus' Judgment"). In Christ, we see not only the perfect fulfillment of these righteous demands but also the means by which we, through faith, can be clothed in His righteousness [2 Corinthians 5:21](/2_corinthians/5-21 "2 Corinthians 5:21 - Christ Became Sin for Us"). The ethical life described in Ezekiel becomes possible for believers through the indwelling Holy Spirit, empowering them to walk in newness of life and reflect the character of the One who perfectly fulfilled all righteousness [Romans 8:4](/romans/8-4 "Romans 8:4 - The Righteous Requirement of the Law").

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Exodus 22:25

¶ If thou lend money to [any of] my people [that is] poor by thee, thou shalt not be to him as an usurer, neither shalt thou lay upon him usury.

Zechariah 8:16

These [are] the things that ye shall do; Speak ye every man the truth to his neighbour; execute the judgment of truth and peace in your gates:

Deuteronomy 23:19

Thou shalt not lend upon usury to thy brother; usury of money, usury of victuals, usury of any thing that is lent upon usury:

Deuteronomy 23:20

Unto a stranger thou mayest lend upon usury; but unto thy brother thou shalt not lend upon usury: that the LORD thy God may bless thee in all that thou settest thine hand to in the land whither thou goest to possess it.

Leviticus 25:35

And if thy brother be waxen poor, and fallen in decay with thee; then thou shalt relieve him: [yea, though he be] a stranger, or a sojourner; that he may live with thee.

Leviticus 25:37

Thou shalt not give him thy money upon usury, nor lend him thy victuals for increase.

Deuteronomy 1:16

And I charged your judges at that time, saying, Hear [the causes] between your brethren, and judge righteously between [every] man and his brother, and the stranger [that is] with him.