Acts 20:33

KJV

I have coveted no man's silver, or gold, or apparel.

KJV (with Strong's)

I have coveted {G1937} no man's {G3762} silver {G694}, or {G2228} gold {G5553}, or {G2228} apparel {G2441}.

Complete Jewish Bible

“I have not wanted for myself anyone’s silver or gold or clothing.

Berean Standard Bible

I have not coveted anyone’s silver or gold or clothing.

American Standard Version

I coveted no man’s silver, or gold, or apparel.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
In Acts 20:33, as part of his poignant farewell address to the Ephesian elders at Miletus, the Apostle Paul emphatically declares his blameless financial conduct throughout his ministry among them. He asserts that he never harbored covetous desires for anyone's material possessions, whether silver, gold, or clothing, thereby underscoring his selfless dedication to the gospel and his commitment to serving the flock without personal gain or avarice. This statement serves as a powerful testament to his integrity and provides a foundational example for all Christian leadership.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse is embedded within Paul's deeply moving farewell speech to the Ephesian elders in Miletus, recorded in [Acts 20:17-38](/acts/20-17-38 "Paul's Farewell to the Ephesian Elders"). Having called them to meet him, Paul delivers a powerful exhortation, reflecting on his past ministry among them, warning them about future dangers, and commissioning them for their ongoing pastoral responsibilities. His declaration in [Acts 20:33](/acts/20-33 "Paul's Blameless Conduct") immediately follows his assertion of having "shewed you all things, how that so labouring ye ought to support the weak, and to remember the words of the Lord Jesus, how he said, It is more blessed to give than to receive" ([Acts 20:35](/acts/20-35 "Paul's Example of Self-Support")). This specific statement about covetousness serves as a personal example of the selfless, non-mercenary ministry he advocates, contrasting sharply with the "grievous wolves" ([Acts 20:29](/acts/20-29 "Paul's Warning Against False Teachers")) who would enter the flock, seeking to draw away disciples for their own benefit.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** Paul's ministry occurred in a Greco-Roman world where many religious and philosophical teachers (like sophists) often charged fees for their instruction, sometimes exploiting their followers for personal enrichment. Against this backdrop, Paul's consistent refusal to be a financial burden, often working with his own hands ([Acts 20:34](/acts/20-34 "Paul's Self-Supporting Labor")), was a radical departure and a powerful counter-cultural witness. Silver, gold, and apparel were primary indicators of wealth, status, and luxury in the ancient world. By explicitly denying any desire for these, Paul was not only affirming his personal integrity but also setting a standard for Christian leaders that distinguished them from charlatans and self-serving religious figures prevalent at the time. His conduct demonstrated that the gospel was freely given and not a commodity for sale.
* **Key Themes:** Paul's declaration in [Acts 20:33](/acts/20-33 "Paul's Integrity and Selfless Ministry") powerfully contributes to several overarching themes in the book of Acts and his broader epistles. Foremost is the theme of **Apostolic Integrity and Authenticity**, where Paul consistently demonstrates his genuine commitment to Christ and the church, unblemished by personal ambition or greed. This echoes his statements in [1 Thessalonians 2:5-6](/1_thessalonians/2-5-6 "Paul's Pure Motives in Ministry") where he states, "For neither at any time used we flattering words, as ye know, nor a cloke of covetousness; God is witness: Nor of men sought we glory, neither of you, nor yet of others." Another key theme is **Selfless Service and Stewardship**, highlighting that true ministry is about giving, not taking. This aligns with the principle Paul later articulates in [Philippians 4:11-13](/philippians/4-11-13 "Paul's Contentment in All Circumstances"), where he speaks of learning to be content in all circumstances, whether abounding or suffering need. Finally, the verse contributes to the theme of **Warning Against False Teachers and Materialism**, as Paul implicitly contrasts his own conduct with those who would exploit the flock for "dishonest gain," a danger frequently warned against in the New Testament, such as in [1 Timothy 6:10](/1_timothy/6-10 "The Love of Money is the Root of All Evil").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **coveted (Greek, _epithyméō'_):** From *epi* (upon) and *thymos* (passion, soul), meaning "to set the heart upon," "to long for," or "to desire." While it can denote a neutral or even positive desire, in contexts like this, especially when negated, it carries the strong negative connotation of "to lust after," "to crave," or "to be greedy for." Paul's emphatic denial signifies a complete absence of such sinful, grasping desires for others' possessions.
* **silver (Greek, _argýrion'_):** Literally "silvery," referring to cash, money, or silver pieces (like drachmas or shekels). In the ancient world, silver was a primary medium of exchange and a direct representation of liquid wealth. Paul's denial of coveting silver underscores his rejection of monetary gain from his ministry.
* **gold (Greek, _chrysíon'_):** A diminutive of *chrysos* (gold), referring to golden articles, gold plating, ornaments, or coins. Gold represented accumulated wealth, luxury, and high value. By including gold, Paul extends his denial to all forms of substantial, precious material possessions, not just everyday currency.
* **apparel (Greek, _himatismós'_):** From *himatizō* (to clothe), meaning "clothing," "raiment," or "vesture." In the ancient world, fine clothing was a significant indicator of social status, wealth, and honor. Paul's inclusion of apparel demonstrates his disinterest in outward displays of affluence or social climbing through his ministry.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"I have coveted no man's silver":** Paul emphatically states that he has not harbored any greedy or illicit desire for the money or financial resources belonging to anyone he ministered to. This directly addresses the potential for financial exploitation in ministry, establishing his blamelessness in monetary matters.
* **"or gold":** Extending beyond mere currency, Paul clarifies that his lack of covetousness also applied to more significant, accumulated wealth or precious items. This demonstrates a comprehensive rejection of material gain as a motive for his apostolic work.
* **"or apparel":** By adding clothing, Paul further emphasizes his disinterest in material possessions that signify status, luxury, or outward appearance. This completes the triad of common forms of wealth and status in the ancient world, reinforcing his commitment to a ministry free from any pursuit of personal enrichment or worldly prestige.

#### Literary Devices
Paul's declaration in [Acts 20:33](/acts/20-33 "Paul's Selfless Example") employs several effective literary devices. The use of **Anaphora** is evident in the repeated "or" ("silver, **or** gold, **or** apparel"), which creates a rhythmic emphasis and comprehensive scope, underscoring that Paul coveted *none* of these categories of wealth. This list also functions as a form of **Synecdoche** or **Merism**, where "silver, gold, or apparel" stand in for all forms of material possessions and worldly gain. By naming these specific, representative items, Paul effectively communicates his complete disinterest in any and all personal enrichment from his ministry. Furthermore, the entire statement serves as a powerful instance of **Apostolic Example**, where Paul presents his own blameless conduct as a model for the Ephesian elders and, by extension, for all Christian leaders and believers. His life becomes a living sermon, illustrating the integrity and selflessness required in serving God's people.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Paul's declaration in Acts 20:33 is a profound theological statement about the nature of true ministry and the character of a servant of God. It underscores the principle that the gospel, being a free gift of grace, should not be peddled for profit or personal gain. Paul's integrity in financial matters reflects a deep trust in God's provision and a commitment to the spiritual well-being of the flock over any worldly advantage. This selflessness is a hallmark of genuine faith and leadership, contrasting sharply with the self-serving motives that can corrupt ministry. It teaches us that our ultimate treasure is not found in earthly riches but in Christ and His kingdom, freeing us to serve without ulterior motives.

* [1 Timothy 6:10](/1_timothy/6-10 "The Love of Money is the Root of All Evil")
* [1 Peter 5:2](/1_peter/5-2 "Shepherd the Flock Willingly, Not for Dishonest Gain")
* [Philippians 4:11-12](/philippians/4-11-12 "Paul's Contentment in All Circumstances")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Paul's unwavering commitment to a ministry free from covetousness in Acts 20:33 provides a timeless and challenging standard for all believers, particularly those in positions of leadership. In a world often driven by materialism and the pursuit of personal gain, Paul's example calls us to radical selflessness and integrity. It compels us to examine our own hearts: are our motives pure in our service to God and others? Do we genuinely seek the advancement of His kingdom, or are we subtly influenced by desires for personal comfort, recognition, or financial security? This verse encourages us to cultivate a spirit of contentment, trusting in God's provision rather than striving for more, and to live lives that authentically reflect the values of the gospel, demonstrating that our faith is not a means to an end but an end in itself—the glorification of God.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what areas of my life might I be subtly coveting what belongs to others, whether material possessions, status, or recognition?**
* **How does Paul's example challenge my own motives for serving in my church or community?**
* **What practical steps can I take to cultivate a deeper sense of contentment and generosity, aligning my heart more fully with Paul's selfless spirit?**
* **How can my financial integrity and lack of covetousness serve as a powerful witness to those around me?**

### FAQ

**What does "coveted no man's silver, or gold, or apparel" mean in the context of Paul's ministry?**

Answer: This statement means that Paul, throughout his extensive ministry, never desired, longed for, or greedily sought after anyone's money (silver), accumulated wealth (gold), or valuable possessions like fine clothing (apparel). It underscores his complete financial integrity and his commitment to serving the gospel without any personal financial ambition or exploitation. He was not motivated by material gain, contrasting himself with false teachers who often sought to profit from their followers, as he warns about later in [Acts 20:29-30](/acts/20-29-30 "Paul's Warning Against False Teachers").

**Why was it important for Paul to make this declaration to the Ephesian elders?**

Answer: It was crucial for several reasons. Firstly, it served as a powerful defense of his own apostolic authenticity and integrity against potential accusations of mercenary motives, which were common criticisms leveled against traveling teachers in the ancient world. Secondly, by setting himself as an example, Paul was implicitly instructing the Ephesian elders on how *they* should conduct their own ministry—selflessly, without seeking "dishonest gain" ([1 Peter 5:2](/1_peter/5-2 "Peter's Instruction Against Greedy Gain")). This was particularly important as Paul warned them about "grievous wolves" ([Acts 20:29](/acts/20-29 "Paul's Warning Against False Teachers")) who would exploit the flock. His blameless conduct provided a clear standard for ethical leadership.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Paul's declaration of not coveting any man's silver, gold, or apparel serves as a powerful reflection of the ultimate selflessness embodied by Jesus Christ. While Paul models integrity and freedom from material desire, Christ perfectly exemplifies the principle of giving all for the sake of others. Jesus, "though he was rich, yet for your sakes he became poor, that ye through his poverty might be rich" ([2 Corinthians 8:9](/2_corinthians/8-9 "Christ's Self-Impoverishment for Our Riches")). He consistently rejected worldly power, prestige, and wealth, famously stating that "The foxes have holes, and the birds of the air have nests; but the Son of man hath not where to lay his head" ([Matthew 8:20](/matthew/8-20 "Jesus Has Nowhere to Lay His Head")). His entire earthly ministry was characterized by self-emptying, culminating in His ultimate sacrifice on the cross, where He gave His very life, not seeking anything in return, but giving everything for the redemption of humanity ([Philippians 2:5-8](/philippians/2-5-8 "Christ's Humiliation and Exaltation")). Thus, Paul's integrity in Acts 20:33 is not merely an ethical standard but a Christ-like posture, pointing to the One who gave all and coveted nothing for Himself, so that we might gain everything.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

2 Corinthians 11:9

And when I was present with you, and wanted, I was chargeable to no man: for that which was lacking to me the brethren which came from Macedonia supplied: and in all [things] I have kept myself from being burdensome unto you, and [so] will I keep [myself].

1 Corinthians 9:12

If others be partakers of [this] power over you, [are] not we rather? Nevertheless we have not used this power; but suffer all things, lest we should hinder the gospel of Christ.

1 Corinthians 9:18

What is my reward then? [Verily] that, when I preach the gospel, I may make the gospel of Christ without charge, that I abuse not my power in the gospel.

2 Corinthians 7:2

Receive us; we have wronged no man, we have corrupted no man, we have defrauded no man.

1 Thessalonians 2:5

For neither at any time used we flattering words, as ye know, nor a cloke of covetousness; God [is] witness:

1 Corinthians 9:15

¶ But I have used none of these things: neither have I written these things, that it should be so done unto me: for [it were] better for me to die, than that any man should make my glorying void.

2 Corinthians 12:14

Behold, the third time I am ready to come to you; and I will not be burdensome to you: for I seek not yours, but you: for the children ought not to lay up for the parents, but the parents for the children.