2 Thessalonians 3:12

KJV

Now them that are such we command and exhort by our Lord Jesus Christ, that with quietness they work, and eat their own bread.

KJV (with Strong's)

Now {G1161} them that are such {G5108} we command {G3853} and {G2532} exhort {G3870} by {G1223} our {G2257} Lord {G2962} Jesus {G2424} Christ {G5547}, that {G2443} with {G3326} quietness {G2271} they work {G2038}, and eat {G2068} their own {G1438} bread {G740}.

Complete Jewish Bible

We command such people — and in union with the Lord Yeshua the Messiah we urge them — to settle down, get to work, and earn their own living.

Berean Standard Bible

We command and urge such people by our Lord Jesus Christ to begin working quietly to earn their own living.

American Standard Version

Now them that are such we command and exhort in the Lord Jesus Christ, that with quietness they work, and eat their own bread.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Second Thessalonians 3:12 presents a direct and authoritative apostolic command from Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy to certain members of the Thessalonian church who were living in idleness and disorder. This verse exhorts these individuals, by the authority of the Lord Jesus Christ, to cease their disruptive behavior, engage in diligent and peaceful work, and thereby earn their own living rather than being a burden on the community. It underscores the vital Christian principles of personal responsibility, diligent labor, and self-sufficiency, all within the framework of communal harmony and respect.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse is situated within a broader section of Paul's second letter to the Thessalonians, where he addresses specific issues of church discipline and conduct, particularly concerning those who were "disorderly" (Greek: _ataktōs_) within the community. The immediate preceding verses establish Paul's concern, beginning with a strong directive in [2 Thessalonians 3:6](/2_thessalonians/3-6 "2 Thessalonians 3:6 - Command to Withdraw from the Disorderly") to "withdraw yourselves from every brother that walketh disorderly, and not after the tradition which he received of us." Paul then reinforces this command by reminding them of his own diligent example (see [2 Thessalonians 3:7-9](/2_thessalonians/3-7-9 "2 Thessalonians 3:7-9 - Paul's Example of Diligent Work")), emphasizing that he and his companions worked tirelessly so as not to be a burden. The famous dictum, "[if any would not work, neither should he eat](/2_thessalonians/3-10 "2 Thessalonians 3:10 - The Principle of Work and Sustenance")," serves as the foundational principle for the specific command in verse 12. Verse 11 further clarifies the problem, describing these individuals as "busybodies" (Greek: _periergazomenous_), highlighting that their idleness led to meddling in others' affairs. Thus, [2 Thessalonians 3:12](/2_thessalonians/3-12 "2 Thessalonians 3:12 - Paul's Command for Quiet Work") functions as the explicit command and pastoral exhortation to rectify this specific behavior, urging them towards productive and peaceful living.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The problem of idleness in Thessalonica was likely exacerbated by certain eschatological misunderstandings. Some believers, convinced that the Lord's return was imminent (a theme Paul addresses in [1 Thessalonians 4:13-5:11](/1_thessalonians/4-13-5-11 "1 Thessalonians 4:13-5:11 - The Lord's Coming and Living in Light of It") and [2 Thessalonians 2:1-12](/2_thessalonians/2-1-12 "2 Thessalonians 2:1-12 - The Man of Lawlessness and the Day of the Lord")), may have abandoned their daily occupations, expecting Christ's immediate arrival to alleviate all earthly needs. This led to dependency on others, creating a burden on the community and fostering disruptive behavior. In the Greco-Roman world, while manual labor was often looked down upon by the elite, it was the necessary means of survival for the vast majority. Paul, a tentmaker by trade ([Acts 18:3](/acts/18-3 "Acts 18:3 - Paul's Occupation in Corinth")), consistently modeled and taught the dignity of honest labor, challenging both the cultural disdain for work and any spiritualized excuses for idleness. His emphasis on working "with quietness" also implicitly addresses the social disruption caused by those who were idle and became busybodies, a common consequence of unemployment in any society.
* **Key Themes:** This verse powerfully contributes to several overarching themes within the Thessalonian letters and Pauline theology. Foremost is the **Christian work ethic**, emphasizing that diligent labor is not merely an economic necessity but a spiritual discipline and a means of Christian witness. It counters any notion that faith or eschatological hope exempts believers from personal responsibility, as seen in Paul's consistent teaching on this matter (cf. [Ephesians 4:28](/ephesians/4-28 "Ephesians 4:28 - Work to Give") and [Colossians 3:23](/colossians/3-23 "Colossians 3:23 - Working Heartily for the Lord")). Another crucial theme is **order and peace within the church**. The command to work "with quietness" directly addresses the disruptive and meddlesome behavior of the idle, promoting harmony and stability within the believing community. This aligns with Paul's broader concern for the good order of the church, as expressed in [1 Corinthians 14:33](/1_corinthians/14-33 "1 Corinthians 14:33 - God is a God of Peace"). Furthermore, the theme of **self-sufficiency and responsible stewardship** is evident in the directive to "eat their own bread," signifying the importance of earning one's living and avoiding being a burden on others. Finally, the verse highlights **apostolic authority**, as Paul issues this command "by our Lord Jesus Christ," underscoring that this is not merely personal advice but a divinely endorsed instruction for Christian conduct.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **command (Greek, _parangéllō'_):** G3853. This verb signifies "to transmit a message," or more strongly, "to enjoin," "to give in charge," or "to command." It carries the weight of an official directive, not merely a suggestion or a request. Paul uses this term to convey the authoritative nature of his instruction, indicating that this is a serious matter of Christian conduct that requires obedience. It implies a formal and binding injunction, emphasizing the gravity of the issue of idleness and the necessity of diligent work.
* **quietness (Greek, _hēsychía'_):** G2271. This noun denotes "stillness," "desistance from bustle or language," "quietness," or "silence." In this context, it refers not merely to physical silence but to a tranquil and orderly disposition. It stands in direct contrast to the "busybodies" mentioned in [2 Thessalonians 3:11](/2_thessalonians/3-11 "2 Thessalonians 3:11 - The Busybodies"), whose idleness led to meddling, gossip, and disruption. To work "with quietness" means to labor peacefully, without causing disturbance, fuss, or unnecessary chatter, and to attend to one's own affairs rather than interfering with others'.
* **work (Greek, _ergázomai'_):** G2038. This verb means "to toil (as a task, occupation, etc.)," "to effect," "to be engaged in or with," or "to labor for." It refers to active, productive labor, whether paid employment or diligent effort in managing one's household and responsibilities. It is a fundamental biblical concept, rooted in God's design for humanity (e.g., [Genesis 2:15](/genesis/2-15 "Genesis 2:15 - Man's Task in the Garden")). Here, it is presented as the antidote to idleness and the means by which believers fulfill their responsibility to themselves and the community.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"Now them that are such we command and exhort by our Lord Jesus Christ,"**: This opening clause identifies the recipients of the command ("them that are such," referring to the disorderly and idle individuals mentioned previously) and the authoritative source of the instruction. Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy (the "we") issue a dual appeal: a firm "command" (_parangéllō_) indicating a non-negotiable directive, and an "exhortation" (_parakaléō_) which implies a pastoral plea or encouragement. The phrase "by our Lord Jesus Christ" lends ultimate divine authority to the command, making it clear that this is not merely human advice but a directive given with Christ's backing and for His honor.
* **"that with quietness they work,"**: This clause specifies the manner and nature of the desired conduct. The purpose clause "that" (_hína_) introduces the expected outcome of the command. The phrase "with quietness" (_metá hēsychías_) emphasizes an orderly, peaceful, and non-meddling approach to one's responsibilities. It directly addresses the disruptive behavior of the idle "busybodies." They are to engage in productive labor, not in a chaotic or attention-seeking manner, but with a calm, diligent focus on their own tasks, avoiding interference in others'.
* **"and eat their own bread."**: This final clause states the practical outcome and purpose of their work. "To eat their own bread" is an idiomatic expression signifying self-sufficiency and earning one's living through honest labor. It means to provide for one's own needs and not to be a financial or material burden on others within the community. This reinforces the principle stated in [2 Thessalonians 3:10](/2_thessalonians/3-10 "2 Thessalonians 3:10 - The Principle of Work and Sustenance") and promotes financial responsibility and independence among believers.

#### Literary Devices
Paul employs several significant literary devices in [2 Thessalonians 3:12](/2_thessalonians/3-12 "2 Thessalonians 3:12 - Paul's Command for Quiet Work") to convey his message with clarity and force. The most prominent is the **Imperative Mood**, evident in the verbs "command" (_parangéllō_) and "exhort" (_parakaléō_). This grammatical mood indicates a direct order or strong injunction, underscoring the non-negotiable nature of Paul's instruction regarding work and conduct. Furthermore, the phrase "eat their own bread" functions as a powerful **Idiom**, a common expression whose meaning is not directly deducible from the individual words. It succinctly conveys the concept of self-sufficiency and earning one's livelihood. There is also an implied **Contrast** throughout this passage, juxtaposing the "disorderly" and "busybodies" with the desired conduct of working "with quietness" and eating "their own bread." This contrast highlights the negative consequences of idleness versus the positive outcomes of diligent labor. Finally, Paul employs **Apostolic Authority** by stating that the command is given "by our Lord Jesus Christ." This phrase elevates the instruction beyond mere human advice, imbuing it with divine weight and making it a matter of obedience to Christ Himself.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
The command in [2 Thessalonians 3:12](/2_thessalonians/3-12 "2 Thessalonians 3:12 - Paul's Command for Quiet Work") is deeply rooted in a robust biblical theology of work, responsibility, and community. It affirms that work is not a curse but a divinely ordained activity, part of God's original design for humanity (cf. [Genesis 1:28](/genesis/1-28 "Genesis 1:28 - The Cultural Mandate") and [Genesis 2:15](/genesis/2-15 "Genesis 2:15 - Man's Task in the Garden")). While the Fall introduced toil and difficulty, work itself remains a means of glorifying God, serving others, and stewarding creation. Paul's instruction counters any spiritualized escapism that might lead to irresponsibility, emphasizing that genuine faith expresses itself in practical diligence and a commitment to contributing to society rather than being a burden. The "quietness" aspect connects to the broader biblical theme of living peaceably and avoiding strife, ensuring that Christian conduct is a blessing to both the church and the wider world.

* [Genesis 2:15](/genesis/2-15 "Genesis 2:15 - Man's Task in the Garden")
* [Proverbs 6:6-8](/proverbs/6-6-8 "Proverbs 6:6-8 - The Ant as an Example of Diligence")
* [Ephesians 4:28](/ephesians/4-28 "Ephesians 4:28 - Work to Give")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
For believers today, [2 Thessalonians 3:12](/2_thessalonians/3-12 "2 Thessalonians 3:12 - Paul's Command for Quiet Work") remains profoundly relevant, offering timeless principles for Christian living in a complex world. It challenges us to embrace a diligent work ethic in whatever sphere God has placed us, whether in paid employment, volunteer service, household management, or academic pursuits. Our labor, performed "with quietness," should be characterized by integrity, excellence, and a peaceful demeanor, reflecting the character of Christ rather than causing disruption or drawing undue attention to ourselves. This verse calls us to financial responsibility, encouraging us to earn our own living and manage our resources wisely, thereby avoiding being a burden on others and freeing up communal resources for those genuinely in need. Furthermore, it serves as a powerful antidote to idleness, which can breed discontent, gossip, and meddling in affairs that are not our own. Ultimately, this command encourages us to live lives that are productive, self-sufficient, and contribute positively to both the Christian community and society at large, demonstrating the practical outworking of our faith.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what areas of my life might I be prone to idleness, and how can I cultivate a more diligent and responsible approach?**
* **What does it mean for me to "work with quietness" in my current context, and how can I avoid being a "busybodies"?**
* **Am I truly eating "my own bread," or am I inadvertently becoming a burden on others due to a lack of personal effort or financial responsibility?**
* **How does my work ethic and financial stewardship reflect my commitment to Christ and contribute to the well-being of my community?**

### FAQ
**Does "if any would not work, neither should he eat" (2 Thessalonians 3:10) mean Christians should never help those in need?**

Answer: No, [2 Thessalonians 3:10](/2_thessalonians/3-10 "2 Thessalonians 3:10 - The Principle of Work and Sustenance") and [2 Thessalonians 3:12](/2_thessalonians/3-12 "2 Thessalonians 3:12 - Paul's Command for Quiet Work") are specifically addressing a problem of *willful* idleness and disruptive behavior among those who are able to work but choose not to. The Bible consistently commands believers to care for the genuinely needy, the sick, widows, orphans, and those who are unable to provide for themselves (e.g., [Deuteronomy 15:7-8](/deuteronomy/15-7-8 "Deuteronomy 15:7-8 - Lending to the Poor"), [Matthew 25:35-40](/matthew/25-35-40 "Matthew 25:35-40 - Caring for the Least of These"), [James 1:27](/james/1-27 "James 1:27 - Pure and Undefiled Religion")). Paul's directive is a measure against abuse of Christian charity, ensuring that the church's resources are directed towards genuine need and not enabling laziness or irresponsible conduct.

**What does "with quietness they work" imply for modern work environments?**

Answer: The phrase "with quietness" (_metá hēsychías_) in [2 Thessalonians 3:12](/2_thessalonians/3-12 "2 Thessalonians 3:12 - Paul's Command for Quiet Work") implies working diligently, peacefully, and without causing unnecessary disturbance or meddling in others' affairs. In modern work environments, this translates to focusing on one's assigned tasks, avoiding gossip or unproductive chatter, respecting colleagues' time and space, and contributing to a harmonious and productive atmosphere. It encourages a humble and unassuming approach to work, prioritizing the task at hand and the well-being of the team or organization over personal drama or attention-seeking behavior. It's about being a productive and responsible team member, reflecting the peace and order that should characterize Christian living.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
While [2 Thessalonians 3:12](/2_ssalonians/3-12 "2 Thessalonians 3:12 - Paul's Command for Quiet Work") is a practical command addressing a specific issue of idleness, its ultimate fulfillment and deepest meaning are found in Christ. Jesus Himself embodied the perfect work ethic, not in a secular sense, but in diligently fulfilling the Father's will. He declared, "[My Father worketh hitherto, and I work](/john/5-17 "John 5:17 - Jesus' Defense of Working on the Sabbath")" and "[I must work the works of him that sent me, while it is day](/john/9-4 "John 9:4 - Jesus' Urgency to Work"). His entire earthly ministry was a diligent, purposeful work culminating in the ultimate act of redemption on the cross, where He proclaimed, "[It is finished!](/john/19-30 "John 19:30 - Jesus' Final Words on the Cross")" The believer's call to work "with quietness" and "eat their own bread" is therefore not merely about societal order, but about reflecting the self-sacrificial, diligent character of Christ. Through Christ, believers are empowered by the Holy Spirit to live lives of responsible stewardship and loving contribution, demonstrating the transformative power of the Gospel. Our work, whether manual or intellectual, becomes an act of worship and a testimony to the Lordship of Jesus, who redeems not only our souls but also our daily lives and labors, transforming them into instruments for His glory and the advancement of His Kingdom (cf. [Colossians 3:17](/colossians/3-17 "Colossians 3:17 - Do All in the Name of the Lord Jesus")). The ultimate "rest" we find in Christ ([Matthew 11:28-30](/matthew/11-28-30 "Matthew 11:28-30 - Come to Me, All Who Labor")) does not negate our earthly responsibilities but reorients them, empowering us to work not for self-glory or anxiety, but as those who are truly free in Him.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

1 Thessalonians 4:11

And that ye study to be quiet, and to do your own business, and to work with your own hands, as we commanded you;

Ephesians 4:28

Let him that stole steal no more: but rather let him labour, working with [his] hands the thing which is good, that he may have to give to him that needeth.

2 Thessalonians 3:8

Neither did we eat any man's bread for nought; but wrought with labour and travail night and day, that we might not be chargeable to any of you:

1 Thessalonians 4:1

¶ Furthermore then we beseech you, brethren, and exhort [you] by the Lord Jesus, that as ye have received of us how ye ought to walk and to please God, [so] ye would abound more and more.

Ecclesiastes 4:6

Better [is] an handful [with] quietness, than both the hands full [with] travail and vexation of spirit.

Proverbs 17:1

¶ Better [is] a dry morsel, and quietness therewith, than an house full of sacrifices [with] strife.

Luke 11:3

Give us day by day our daily bread.