2 Samuel 13:1

KJV

¶ And it came to pass after this, that Absalom the son of David had a fair sister, whose name [was] Tamar; and Amnon the son of David loved her.

KJV (with Strong's)

And it came to pass after {H310} this, that Absalom {H53} the son {H1121} of David {H1732} had a fair {H3303} sister {H269}, whose name {H8034} was Tamar {H8559}; and Amnon {H550} the son {H1121} of David {H1732} loved {H157} her.

Complete Jewish Bible

Now Avshalom the son of David had a beautiful sister named Tamar. Some time after the previous events, Amnon the son of David fell in love with her.

Berean Standard Bible

After some time, David’s son Amnon fell in love with Tamar, the beautiful sister of David’s son Absalom.

American Standard Version

And it came to pass after this, that Absalom the son of David had a fair sister, whose name was Tamar; and Amnon the son of David loved her.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
2 Samuel 13:1 serves as a chilling and pivotal introduction to a series of devastating events within David's royal household, immediately following a period of apparent peace and the birth of Solomon. This verse masterfully sets the stage by introducing Absalom, his beautiful full sister Tamar, and their half-brother Amnon, subtly signaling the impending tragedy. It lays the groundwork for a narrative steeped in illicit desire, sexual violence, and familial betrayal, thereby foreshadowing the grim fulfillment of divine judgment pronounced against David's house, where the "sword" of strife would never depart.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** The opening phrase, "And it came to pass after this," functions as a critical narrative bridge, directly linking the unfolding tragedy of 2 Samuel 13 to the preceding events in [2 Samuel 12](/2_samuel/12 "2 Samuel 12 - David's Repentance and Nathan's Judgment"). Chapter 12 concludes with David's repentance for his sin with Bathsheba, the death of their first child, and the subsequent birth of Solomon, whom the Lord loved ([2 Samuel 12:24-25](/2_samuel/12-24-25 "2 Samuel 12:24-25 - Birth of Solomon and God's Love for Him")). This seemingly concludes a phase of divine judgment and offers a glimmer of hope. However, the abrupt transition to chapter 13 immediately shatters any illusion of lasting peace, plunging the reader back into the turmoil of David's personal life. This rapid shift underscores the relentless and inexorable nature of the consequences of David's sin, particularly Nathan's prophecy that "the sword shall never depart from your house" ([2 Samuel 12:10](/2_samuel/12-10 "2 Samuel 12:10 - Nathan's Prophecy of the Sword")). Thus, 2 Samuel 13:1 initiates a new, internal cycle of strife, demonstrating that divine judgment, though delayed, profoundly impacts the royal family.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** Ancient Israelite society, especially within royal households, commonly practiced polygamy. This led to complex family structures with numerous half-siblings, creating a fertile ground for rivalries, jealousies, and power struggles, particularly concerning succession. The king, as the ultimate authority, bore the responsibility for maintaining order and justice within his family and kingdom. David's subsequent failure to act decisively in the face of Amnon's crime and Absalom's revenge tragically contributes to the unfolding disaster. Furthermore, the concept of family honor was paramount in this culture; a woman's purity and a family's reputation were inextricably linked. The vulnerability of women, especially those without strong, immediate male protectors, to the predatory actions of powerful men, even within their own family, was a grim reality. Amnon, as David's firstborn son, held a privileged position as heir apparent, which he tragically abused, highlighting the inherent dangers of unchecked power and distorted desire within a patriarchal system.
* **Key Themes:** This foundational verse immediately introduces several critical themes that will dominate the subsequent narrative of [2 Samuel 13](/2_samuel/13 "2 Samuel 13 - Amnon, Tamar, and Absalom"). First, it highlights the **pervasive consequences of sin**, particularly David's earlier transgressions with Bathsheba, as Nathan's prophecy of internal family strife begins its grim fulfillment ([2 Samuel 12:10](/2_samuel/12-10 "2 Samuel 12:10 - Nathan's Prophecy of the Sword")). Second, it subtly explores the **destructive nature of distorted desire**; Amnon's "love" for Tamar is quickly revealed to be a predatory obsession rather than genuine affection, setting the stage for a horrific act of sexual violence. Third, the verse underscores the profound **family dysfunction and internal conflict** within the royal house, demonstrating that even a divinely chosen king's family is not immune to profound moral failings and the bitter fruits of unaddressed sin. Finally, it foreshadows the **vulnerability of the innocent** (Tamar) and the **breakdown of justice** within David's own household, leading to a chain reaction of violence and rebellion that will ultimately threaten David's throne and legacy.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **loved (Hebrew, _'âhab'_):** This Hebrew verb (H157) is the standard term for "to have affection for (sexually or otherwise)" and can denote genuine affection, covenantal love, or even God's love. However, its context in 2 Samuel 13:1 is crucial. Here, it quickly proves to be a self-serving, obsessive, and ultimately destructive desire rather than a benevolent or respectful emotion. The narrative immediately following this verse reveals Amnon's "love" to be a lustful infatuation devoid of honor, care, or regard for Tamar's well-being or dignity. This highlights that the mere use of the word "love" in Scripture does not always imply a positive or righteous emotion, especially when detached from moral boundaries and respect for the other person.
* **fair (Hebrew, _yâpheh'_):** This adjective (H3303) means "beautiful (literally or figuratively)" and describes Tamar's physical beauty. In biblical narratives, beauty is often a significant, though sometimes perilous, attribute. Here, Tamar's fairness is not presented as a positive quality in itself, but rather as the catalyst for Amnon's destructive desire. Her beauty, instead of being a blessing, becomes the object of lust that precipitates a chain of tragic events, underscoring how even an innocent quality can be perverted and exploited by sinful intentions.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"¶ And it came to pass after this":** This introductory phrase (H310, _ʼachar_) serves as a crucial temporal and thematic bridge, connecting the unfolding tragedy directly to the events of the preceding chapter. "After this" refers to the period following David's repentance for his sin with Bathsheba, the death of their first child, and the subsequent birth of Solomon, which seemed to conclude a phase of divine judgment. However, this phrase immediately signals that the consequences of David's actions, particularly Nathan's prophecy of perpetual strife within his house, are far from over and are now manifesting internally.
* **"that Absalom the son of David had a fair sister, whose name [was] Tamar;":** This clause introduces two key characters: Absalom (H53, _ʼĂbîyshâlôwm_), David's (H1732, _Dâvid_) third son, known for his striking appearance and ambition, and Tamar (H8559, _Tâmâr_), his full sister (H269, _ʼâchôwth_). The description of Tamar as "fair" (H3303, _yâpheh'_) or beautiful, is not merely descriptive but highly significant, immediately establishing her as the object of Amnon's gaze and the unwitting catalyst for the ensuing tragedy. Her relationship to Absalom (full sister) will become vital as Absalom later avenges her honor.
* **"and Amnon the son of David loved her.":** This final clause introduces Amnon (H550, _ʼAmnôwn_), David's (H1732, _Dâvid_) firstborn son and heir apparent, and states his "love" (H157, _ʼâhab_) for Tamar. This "love," however, is immediately revealed in the subsequent verses to be a predatory, incestuous lust, setting the stage for the horrific act of rape. The seemingly innocuous statement of "love" is charged with dramatic irony, as it foreshadows the profound violation and subsequent family breakdown that will ripple through David's kingdom, fulfilling the prophecy of the sword never departing from his house.

#### Literary Devices
The verse employs several potent literary devices that amplify its dramatic impact. **Foreshadowing** is prominently featured, as the seemingly simple introduction of characters and Amnon's "love" for Tamar immediately hints at impending disaster, especially given the preceding prophecy in [2 Samuel 12:10](/2_samuel/12-10 "2 Samuel 12:10 - Nathan's Prophecy of the Sword") about the sword never departing David's house. There is a strong element of **Irony** in the use of the word "loved" (`'aheb`) to describe Amnon's feelings; what is typically a positive and wholesome emotion is here revealed to be a destructive, self-serving obsession, creating a stark contrast with true affection and highlighting the perversion of human desire. Furthermore, the **Juxtaposition** of the peaceful resolution and divine favor described at the conclusion of [2 Samuel 12](/2_samuel/12 "2 Samuel 12 - David's Repentance and Nathan's Judgment") with the immediate introduction of this internal family crisis in [2 Samuel 13:1](/2_samuel/13-1 "2 Samuel 13:1 - Amnon's Desire for Tamar") powerfully underscores the relentless and inescapable nature of the consequences of sin, demonstrating that even after repentance, the ripple effects can continue to cause profound suffering and turmoil.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
2 Samuel 13:1, though brief, is saturated with profound theological implications, primarily serving as a stark illustration of the pervasive and destructive nature of sin, particularly unchecked desire, and its far-reaching consequences. It underscores the biblical truth that sin, even when repented of, often leaves a trail of brokenness, pain, and judgment, impacting individuals, families, and even nations. Amnon's "love" for Tamar tragically mirrors the human propensity to distort God's good gifts (like love and desire) into self-serving lust, leading to violence and moral decay. The verse also highlights the fulfillment of divine prophecy, demonstrating God's sovereign hand in history, even amidst human depravity, as the "sword" of judgment begins its work within David's own household, a direct consequence of his own moral failures.

* [2 Samuel 12:10](/2_samuel/12-10 "Nathan's Prophecy of the Sword")
* [Proverbs 6:27-29](/proverbs/6-27-29 "Playing with Fire and its Consequences")
* [James 1:14-15](/james/1-14-15 "The Progression of Sin from Desire to Death")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
This opening verse of a deeply disturbing narrative serves as a sobering reminder of the insidious nature of unchecked desire and the devastating ripple effects of sin. It compels us to examine the "loves" in our own hearts, discerning whether they are truly selfless and honoring, or if they harbor predatory, self-serving motives that could lead to harm. The story of Amnon and Tamar underscores the critical importance of establishing and maintaining healthy boundaries, respecting the dignity and autonomy of others, and seeking accountability for our inner thoughts and desires before they manifest in destructive actions. Furthermore, it highlights the profound responsibility of those in positions of authority—whether parents, leaders, or mentors—to protect the vulnerable and to administer justice swiftly and impartially, a failure that will haunt David throughout this tragic chapter. We are called to cultivate a love that reflects God's character, characterized by self-sacrifice, honor, and the well-being of the beloved, rather than the distorted, consuming "love" that leads to ruin.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **What "loves" or desires in my own heart might be unchecked or potentially destructive if not brought under God's control and aligned with His will?**
* **How does this verse challenge my understanding of what true love entails, contrasting it with selfish desire and lust?**
* **In what ways might I be called to protect the vulnerable or speak up against injustice, even within my own family, community, or sphere of influence?**
* **Considering the long-term consequences of sin illustrated here, what steps can I take to address sin in my life proactively, rather than allowing it to fester and cause greater harm?**

### FAQ
**What does the phrase "after this" refer to, and why is it significant?**

Answer: The phrase "after this" directly refers to the preceding events in [2 Samuel 12](/2_samuel/12 "2 Samuel 12 - David's Repentance and Nathan's Judgment"). Specifically, it follows the birth of Solomon to David and Bathsheba ([2 Samuel 12:24](/2_samuel/12-24 "2 Samuel 12:24 - Birth of Solomon")), a period that might have suggested a return to normalcy and peace for David's household after the judgment concerning his sin with Bathsheba. However, its significance lies in its immediate shattering of any such expectation. It signals that while David had repented, the consequences of his sin, particularly Nathan's prophecy that "the sword shall never depart from your house" ([2 Samuel 12:10](/2_samuel/12-10 "2 Samuel 12:10 - Nathan's Prophecy of the Sword")), are now beginning to manifest in a deeply personal and devastating way within his own family, initiating a new cycle of internal strife and suffering.

**What is the significance of Tamar being described as "fair"?**

Answer: Tamar's beauty, described as "fair" (`yafeh` in Hebrew), is highly significant because it is explicitly presented as the catalyst for Amnon's destructive desire. In biblical narratives, beauty can sometimes be a blessing, but it often serves as a dangerous magnet for lust and trouble, as seen with Bathsheba's beauty in [2 Samuel 11](/2_samuel/11 "2 Samuel 11 - David and Bathsheba and the Sin of Adultery"). Here, Tamar's physical attractiveness, though an innocent quality in itself, becomes the object of Amnon's perverted "love," leading directly to his plan to rape her. Her beauty, therefore, is not merely a descriptive detail but a crucial plot device that sets in motion the tragic events of the chapter, highlighting how even good attributes can be twisted and exploited by sinful intentions.

**How does Amnon's "love" for Tamar differ from true biblical love?**

Answer: Amnon's "love" for Tamar, though described with the standard Hebrew word `aheb` (to love), stands in stark contrast to true biblical love. True biblical love, particularly as exemplified by God's `hesed` (covenantal love) or Christ's `agape` (self-sacrificial love), is characterized by respect, honor, seeking the well-being of the beloved, and adherence to moral boundaries. It is patient, kind, and does not dishonor others ([1 Corinthians 13:4-5](/1_corinthians/13-4-5 "1 Corinthians 13:4-5 - The Nature of Love")). Amnon's "love," however, is immediately revealed to be a selfish, predatory, and obsessive lust. It is driven by personal gratification, disregards Tamar's dignity and autonomy, and leads directly to a horrific act of violence and betrayal. It is a "love" that consumes and destroys, rather than builds up and cherishes, demonstrating how human desire, when unchecked by God's law and true compassion, can become profoundly destructive.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
2 Samuel 13:1, with its grim introduction to family dysfunction, distorted "love," and the unfolding consequences of sin, powerfully underscores humanity's desperate need for a perfect King and a new covenant. The brokenness within David's own royal family—a family from which the Messiah would ultimately come—highlights the pervasive nature of sin, even among God's chosen. Amnon's destructive "love" for Tamar, driven by selfish lust and leading to violence, stands in stark contrast to the true, self-sacrificial love embodied by Jesus Christ. While David's household is plagued by internal strife and the sword of judgment ([2 Samuel 12:10](/2_samuel/12-10 "2 Samuel 12:10 - Nathan's Prophecy of the Sword")), Jesus, the true Son of David ([Matthew 1:1](/matthew/1-1 "Matthew 1:1 - Genealogy of Jesus")), comes not to bring a sword of division within His own house, but a sword of truth that cuts through sin to bring healing and reconciliation. He demonstrates the ultimate form of love, laying down His life for His bride, the Church ([Ephesians 5:25](/ephesians/5-25 "Ephesians 5:25 - Christ's Love for the Church")), and commanding His followers to love one another as He has loved them ([John 13:34-35](/john/13-34-35 "John 13:34-35 - The New Commandment")). The tragic narrative initiated in 2 Samuel 13:1 ultimately points to the necessity of Christ's perfect reign, where true love, justice, and peace will finally prevail, overcoming the destructive power of sin and distorted human desire through His redemptive work.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

2 Samuel 3:2

And unto David were sons born in Hebron: and his firstborn was Amnon, of Ahinoam the Jezreelitess;

2 Samuel 3:3

And his second, Chileab, of Abigail the wife of Nabal the Carmelite; and the third, Absalom the son of Maacah the daughter of Talmai king of Geshur;

1 Chronicles 3:9

[These were] all the sons of David, beside the sons of the concubines, and Tamar their sister.

1 Chronicles 3:2

The third, Absalom the son of Maachah the daughter of Talmai king of Geshur: the fourth, Adonijah the son of Haggith:

2 Samuel 14:27

And unto Absalom there were born three sons, and one daughter, whose name [was] Tamar: she was a woman of a fair countenance.

2 Samuel 13:15

Then Amnon hated her exceedingly; so that the hatred wherewith he hated her [was] greater than the love wherewith he had loved her. And Amnon said unto her, Arise, be gone.

Genesis 29:20

And Jacob served seven years for Rachel; and they seemed unto him [but] a few days, for the love he had to her.