1 Timothy 5:13

KJV

And withal they learn [to be] idle, wandering about from house to house; and not only idle, but tattlers also and busybodies, speaking things which they ought not.

KJV (with Strong's)

And {G1161}{G2532} withal {G260} they learn {G3129} to be idle {G692}, wandering about {G4022} from house to house {G3614}; and {G1161} not {G3756} only {G3440} idle {G692}, but {G235} tattlers {G5397} also {G2532} and {G2532} busybodies {G4021}, speaking {G2980} things which {G3588} they ought {G1163} not {G3361}.

Complete Jewish Bible

Besides that, they learn to be idle, going around from house to house; and not only idle, but gossips and busybodies, saying things they shouldn’t.

Berean Standard Bible

At the same time they will also learn to be idle, going from house to house and being not only idle, but also gossips and busybodies, discussing things they should not mention.

American Standard Version

And withal they learn also to be idle, going about from house to house; and not only idle, but tattlers also and busybodies, speaking things which they ought not.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
In 1 Timothy 5:13, the Apostle Paul issues a stern warning regarding the potential pitfalls for younger widows who, instead of remarrying and managing households, might become idle. This idleness, Paul explains, often leads to a pattern of aimless wandering from house to house, culminating in destructive behaviors such as gossiping ("tattlers") and meddling in others' affairs ("busybodies"), speaking inappropriately and causing unnecessary trouble within the Christian community.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse is situated within Paul’s detailed instructions to Timothy concerning the proper care and conduct within the church, specifically addressing the sensitive issue of widows in [1 Timothy chapter 5](/1_timothy/5 "1 Timothy 5 - Instructions for Widows and Elders"). Paul distinguishes between older, genuinely needy widows who are worthy of the church's support (verses [1 Timothy 5:3-10](/1_timothy/5-3-10 "1 Timothy 5:3-10 - Honoring Widows")) and younger widows. For the latter, Paul advises against placing them on the church's official support list, primarily because of their age and the potential for them to remarry and have children (verse [1 Timothy 5:14](/1_timothy/5-14 "1 Timothy 5:14 - Paul's Advice to Younger Widows")). Verse [1 Timothy 5:13](/1_timothy/5-13 "1 Timothy 5:13 - The Dangers of Idleness and Gossip") serves as a crucial explanation for this counsel, highlighting the specific dangers that idleness can pose to their spiritual and social well-being, thereby justifying Paul's prescriptive advice for them to marry, bear children, and manage their households, preventing the very behaviors described here.

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** In the Greco-Roman world, widows, especially those without family support, were often vulnerable and dependent on community charity. The early church, following biblical precedents of care for the vulnerable, established systems to support its widows. However, Paul recognized that such support, if not carefully managed, could inadvertently create conditions for idleness and its associated vices. Women in this society typically managed households, and a lack of such responsibility could lead to excessive free time. Furthermore, social interactions often occurred within the confines of homes, making "wandering about from house to house" a plausible and potentially disruptive activity for those with no specific duties. This context underscores Paul's concern for the church's reputation and internal harmony, as the behaviors described could easily bring disrepute upon the Christian community in a society that valued order and propriety.

* **Key Themes:** [1 Timothy 5:13](/1_timothy/5-13 "1 Timothy 5:13 - The Dangers of Idleness and Gossip") contributes to several overarching themes within [1 Timothy](/1_timothy "The Book of 1 Timothy"). Firstly, it powerfully illustrates the **dangers of idleness**, portraying it not merely as a passive state but as an active gateway to destructive behaviors. Paul consistently emphasizes the importance of diligent work and purposeful living for believers, contrasting it with the aimless existence that can lead to spiritual and moral decay, as seen in his broader instructions on Christian conduct and responsibility (e.g., [2 Thessalonians 3:10-12](/2_thessalonians/3-10-12 "2 Thessalonians 3:10-12 - The Command to Work")). Secondly, the verse highlights the pervasive problem of **gossip and meddling**, identifying "tattlers" and "busybodies" as direct consequences of idleness. This underscores the critical importance of guarding one's speech and respecting the privacy and affairs of others, a theme prevalent throughout the New Testament (e.g., [Ephesians 4:29](/ephesians/4-29 "Ephesians 4:29 - Edifying Speech")). Finally, the passage implicitly calls for **responsible conduct and accountability** within the Christian community, emphasizing that every member has a role to play in maintaining the integrity and witness of the church.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **Idle (Greek, _argós'_):** From G692, this term literally means "without work" or "unoccupied," but it carries a strong connotation of being lazy, unprofitable, or useless. It describes a state of voluntary inactivity that leads to a lack of productivity and often, as the verse suggests, to negative consequences. It implies a moral deficiency rather than merely a physical state of rest.
* **Tattlers (Greek, _phlýaros'_):** From G5397, this word refers to a garrulous person, a babbler, or a prater. It denotes someone who speaks nonsense, frivolous talk, or, more critically, harmful and malicious chatter. It suggests an irresponsible use of speech, often involving the spreading of rumors or private information.
* **Busybodies (Greek, _períergos'_):** From G4021, this term describes someone who is "working all around," meaning officious, meddlesome, or excessively curious. It implies an intrusive and often disruptive involvement in matters that do not concern them, often driven by an unhealthy curiosity and leading to interference in others' lives.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And withal they learn to be idle":** Paul begins by identifying the root problem: these younger widows, if not otherwise occupied, "learn" idleness. The verb "learn" (G3129, _manthánō_) suggests an acquired habit, implying that idleness is not merely a passive state but a behavior that is cultivated over time, becoming ingrained as a way of life. The phrase "withal" (G260, _háma_) emphasizes that this idleness develops concurrently with their privileged position of being supported without clear responsibilities.
* **"wandering about from house to house":** This phrase describes the physical manifestation of their idleness. Without productive tasks, they become aimless, moving from one household to another. This wandering is not innocent visitation but implies an intrusive presence, perhaps seeking entertainment, information, or simply filling time, which sets the stage for the subsequent negative behaviors.
* **"and not only idle, but tattlers also and busybodies":** Here, Paul explicitly connects idleness to its destructive offspring. The phrase "not only... but also" (G3440 _mónon_... G235 _allá_) highlights an escalation: idleness is bad enough, but it invariably leads to worse vices. "Tattlers" (G5397, _phlýaros_) refers to those who engage in idle, often malicious talk or gossip. "Busybodies" (G4021, _períergos_) describes those who meddle in others' affairs, intruding where they do not belong. These two terms describe the active, harmful consequences of their unoccupied time and aimless wandering.
* **"speaking things which they ought not":** This final clause specifies the nature of the "tattling" and "busybodiness." Their speech is not merely idle chatter but involves inappropriate, unhelpful, or even damaging words. The phrase "ought not" (G1163 _deî_... G3361 _mḗ_) implies a moral obligation or necessity, indicating that their words violate principles of discretion, truthfulness, and love, thereby causing discord and undermining the integrity of the community.

#### Literary Devices
Paul employs several **rhetorical devices** to underscore the gravity of the behaviors he describes. The progression from "idle" to "wandering about" to "tattlers" and "busybodies" demonstrates a clear **climax** or escalation, showing how one negative habit begets another, leading to increasingly harmful outcomes. There is an element of **irony** in the idea that individuals "learn" to be idle, implying a deliberate cultivation of unproductive habits. The use of strong, descriptive Greek terms like _phlýaros_ ("tattlers" – literally "babblers" or "praters") and _períergos_ ("busybodies" – literally "working around," implying meddling) serves as **vivid imagery**, painting a clear picture of the disruptive nature of these individuals. Furthermore, the construction "not only idle, but tattlers also and busybodies" is a form of **amplification**, emphasizing that idleness is not merely a passive fault but a fertile ground for active, destructive vices, particularly those related to the misuse of speech.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
This verse provides a profound theological insight into the nature of human sin and the importance of stewardship, particularly concerning time and speech. It reveals that a lack of purposeful activity can create a spiritual vacuum, which is quickly filled by destructive behaviors. Theologically, idleness is not neutral; it is a breeding ground for sin, as it diverts individuals from their God-given callings to be productive and contribute to the common good. The resulting gossip and meddling violate the biblical commands to love one's neighbor, protect their reputation, and speak only what is edifying. This passage thus serves as a timeless warning that Christian maturity involves disciplined living, active service, and careful stewardship of every aspect of one's life, including time and words, for the glory of God and the building up of the community.

* [Proverbs 11:13](/proverbs/11-13 "Proverbs 11:13 - The Danger of Talebearing")
* [2 Thessalonians 3:11](/2_thessalonians/3-11 "2 Thessalonians 3:11 - Paul's Warning Against Idleness")
* [James 3:6](/james/3-6 "James 3:6 - The Destructive Power of the Tongue")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
While specifically addressed to a particular group in the early church, the principles embedded in [1 Timothy 5:13](/1_timothy/5-13 "1 Timothy 5:13 - The Dangers of Idleness and Gossip") resonate powerfully with all believers today. In a world increasingly prone to distraction and superficial engagement, Paul's warning against idleness and its byproducts—gossip and meddling—retains acute relevance. This verse challenges us to consider how we steward our time, particularly our leisure. Is our free time used for personal growth, service, or healthy recreation, or does it become a void that invites unproductive habits and destructive speech? It calls us to cultivate a life of purpose, diligence, and intentionality, recognizing that every moment is a gift from God. Furthermore, it serves as a potent reminder of the immense power of our words. Are we using our tongues to build up, encourage, and speak truth in love, or are we prone to idle chatter, gossip, or intrusive commentary on others' lives? The call is to guard our hearts, from which our words flow, and to ensure that our speech reflects the character of Christ, fostering unity and grace within our communities.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what areas of your life might idleness be a subtle temptation, and what productive activities could you pursue to fill that void?**
* **How do your daily habits reflect your stewardship of time, and are there ways you could be more intentional with your leisure?**
* **What steps can you take to guard your tongue and ensure your words are always edifying and gracious, rather than idle or meddling?**
* **How does the warning against "busybodies" challenge you to respect the boundaries and privacy of others in your relationships?**

### FAQ
**Why does Paul seem so harsh on younger widows in this passage?**

Answer: Paul's counsel in [1 Timothy 5](/1_timothy/5 "1 Timothy 5 - Instructions for Widows and Elders"), while seemingly harsh by modern standards, was deeply pastoral and practical within its historical context. His primary concern was the spiritual well-being and reputation of both the individuals and the church. For younger widows, idleness was not merely a personal failing but a potential source of scandal and disruption within the community. Without the responsibilities of marriage and household management, and being supported by the church, some might fall into the behaviors described in [1 Timothy 5:13](/1_timothy/5-13 "1 Timothy 5:13 - The Dangers of Idleness and Gossip")—becoming idle, wandering, gossiping, and meddling. This would not only harm their own spiritual lives but also bring disrepute upon the Christian witness. Paul's advice for them to remarry, bear children, and manage their households ([1 Timothy 5:14](/1_timothy/5-14 "1 Timothy 5:14 - Paul's Advice to Younger Widows")) was a preventative measure, offering a structured and honorable path that would safeguard them from these specific temptations and allow them to contribute positively to society and the church. His aim was not to condemn but to provide wise guidance for flourishing in faith and life.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
While [1 Timothy 5:13](/1_timothy/5-13 "1 Timothy 5:13 - The Dangers of Idleness and Gossip") addresses specific behavioral issues among certain individuals in the early church, its underlying principles find profound fulfillment in Christ. Jesus, as the ultimate example of purposeful living, was never idle; His life was entirely devoted to fulfilling His Father's will ([John 4:34](/john/4-34 "John 4:34 - Jesus' Food")). He consistently spoke words of truth, grace, and life, never engaging in idle chatter, gossip, or meddling, but always speaking what was necessary for the glory of God and the redemption of humanity ([John 7:46](/john/7-46 "John 7:46 - No One Ever Spoke Like This Man")). The Christian's transformation into Christlikeness involves a radical reorientation from the self-serving idleness and destructive speech described here to a life empowered by the Holy Spirit for productive service and edifying communication. Through Christ, believers are called to be diligent in their work ([Colossians 3:23](/colossians/3-23 "Colossians 3:23 - Work Heartily for the Lord")), to use their time wisely as stewards of God's gifts ([Ephesians 5:16](/ephesians/5-16 "Ephesians 5:16 - Redeeming the Time")), and to tame their tongues, speaking only what is helpful for building others up according to their needs ([Ephesians 4:29](/ephesians/4-29 "Ephesians 4:29 - Edifying Speech")). Ultimately, the antidote to the idleness and busybodiness warned against in this verse is found in the new life in Christ, where believers are called to live actively for Him, reflecting His character and contributing to the flourishing of His body, the Church ([1 Peter 4:10-11](/1_peter/4-10-11 "1 Peter 4:10-11 - Serving with God's Strength")).

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Proverbs 20:19

¶ He that goeth about [as] a talebearer revealeth secrets: therefore meddle not with him that flattereth with his lips.

Acts 20:30

Also of your own selves shall men arise, speaking perverse things, to draw away disciples after them.

2 Thessalonians 3:6

¶ Now we command you, brethren, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that ye withdraw yourselves from every brother that walketh disorderly, and not after the tradition which he received of us.

2 Thessalonians 3:11

For we hear that there are some which walk among you disorderly, working not at all, but are busybodies.

Proverbs 31:27

She looketh well to the ways of her household, and eateth not the bread of idleness.

Titus 1:11

Whose mouths must be stopped, who subvert whole houses, teaching things which they ought not, for filthy lucre's sake.

Leviticus 19:16

Thou shalt not go up and down [as] a talebearer among thy people: neither shalt thou stand against the blood of thy neighbour: I [am] the LORD.